福州台江商业步行街环境行为分析

本文通过对福州台江商业步行街的观察和随机访谈调查,运用环境行为学的观点分析步行街外部环境和行为的关系,对步行街的规划设计与管理提出建议。     

商业步行街坐具设计影响因素和设计原则探究——以重庆杨家坪步行街为例

坐具作为商业步行街的基础服务设施,扮演着十分重要的角色,不仅是步行街多样化功能的必要物质条件,还会影响人在步行街中的行为。本文着眼于商业步行街环境和人的行为心理之间的相互依存关系,以杨家坪步行街为研究对象,采用行为观察法探究人在步行街中的行为心理和坐具现状,分析坐具设计三大影响因素和四大原则。     

浅析商业步行街中空间场所与心理行为的关系

空间环境与心理行为是相互对应不可分离的统一体．商业步行街中空间场所与人的行为是相互影响相互促进的。商业步行街也就在空间与行为的这种相互作用的推动下向前发展。本文对现代商业步行街与人在步行街中的基本行为的分析基础上．探索商业步行街空间中人们的行为心理与空间的作用关系。并由此思考在商业步行街设计中的重要内容。     

步行街休息座椅的环境行为学研究

从环境行为学的角度出发,调查分析了昆明步行街休息座椅的现状,进而阐述了步行街休息座椅的设计要点,并呼吁广大设计师以环境行为为基础,多多尝试和追求休息设施的实用性,以增强步行街的生机与活力。     

步行街入口设计初探

步行街入口是步行街空间的一个重要节点，是人们进入行街的开端和“序幕”，是人们对步行街认知的重要标识，因此，步行街入口空间的设计具有重要意义。文章根据实例对国内步行街入口空间环境设计进行了分析，并在此基础上总结出步行街入口空间环境设计的若干原则，以期为我国今后步行街整体空间环境的设计和建设实践提供有益的参考。     

体验式设计在商业步行街景观中的应用

从商业步行街使用者体验需求的角度出发,结合商业步行街的景观特性,分析了商业步行街景观的体验功能,阐述了感官、行为、情感、叙事四种体验式设计手法在商业步行街景观环境中的应用,以期对商业步行街景观设计起到积极的作用。     

由环境场所的特异性论城市商业步行街景观的个生设计

近年商业步行街的建设成为人们关注的焦点。塑造步行街的个性特色对城市发展有着重要意义。影响商业步行街个性的形成因素有很多，其中根本因素是它所处环境场所各因素的物质特征，本文先分析环境场所的特异性，联系商业步行街的自身因素，并结合实例来探讨商业步行街的个性设计。     

商业步行街建设的演进与发展

从空间与景观环境品质角度出发，对北京王府井步行街和天津和平路进行了比较，总结了商业步行街建设的经验得失，剖析了商业街区步行化对社会、经济、环境的正、负面效应，提出了促进我国步行街发展的若干建议。     

关于商业步行街的建筑心理学思考

将建筑心理学作为指导商业步行街空间设计的中介,结合沙坪坝商业步行街的空间表现形式,从清晰的形象、明确的结点等方面论述了该商业街在设计中如何使空间环境与人的行为及心理需求达到合适化,从而为设计出更多成功的商业步行街奠定基础。     

广州市上下九路步行街环境心理学分析

将环境心理学作为指导商业步行街空间设计的中介,结合上下九商业步行街的空间表现形式,从街道形象、空间结点等方面论述了该商业街在设计中如何使空间环境与人的行为及心理需求达到合适化,并提出优化措施。     

A review on the effects of physical built environment attributes on enhancing walking and cycling activity levels within residential neighborhoods

The growing worldwide awareness of the significant impacts of physical activities on physical and physiological health has aroused great interest in the role of the physical built environment plays in walking and cycling activities. This comprehensive review shows how specific details of the built environment enhance people's walking and cycling. This was accomplished through identifying the barriers to walking and cycling activities as well as the general and specific characteristics of the major physical built environment attributes within a residential neighborhood that can help overcome these barriers and enhance the walking and cycling activity levels. Also the effectiveness of some individual attributes was also compared. Of particular value of this study is that its structure and level of details of information laid out in this review can facilitate building designers and neighborhood planners in creating a supportive environment within residential neighborhoods.     

轨道交通TOD地区的步行尺度

轨道交通TOD站点地区确定规划圈层边界的重要依据之一是步行尺度,即步行距离形成的半径,但不同城市的TOD地区步行尺度并不相同。步行距离虽然能指导划定圈层边界和影响范围,但对步行决策起主导作用的则是步行时间,二者按照"时间-距离"换算关系相互关联,并受到地形条件、空间布局、交通环境等步行环境要素的制约。TOD地区步行尺度的差异是由于步行时间、步行距离和步行环境差异所造成的。对TOD地区步行尺度的差异及原因进行总结,可以为我国TOD地区规划确定合理的步行尺度及TOD模型提供有益的借鉴思路。     

异质性视角下的街区复合环境与步行行为研究——以杭州为例

基于杭州典型街区居民步行活动数据,利用社群属性、物质环境、心理感知三组变量构建两水平泊松回归预测模型,探索街区复合环境对步行日常事务、独步健身、步行交友聚会三类活动的影响。结论为,三类步行活动呈现由低到高的街区异质性特征,反映了城市步行行为环境的演进规律;社群属性、物质环境与心理感知因素分别构成步行行为环境的倾向因素、促成因素与强化因素,并呈现交互作用;街区土地使用策略对步行行为选择的影响是基础性和关键性的,但更富效率的作用还有赖于体系化、协同化的精细管理与相关策略的配合。最后,从街区环境的规划定位、营造方法与管理机制三个层面提出了可步行街区的建设策略与建议。     

Using Micro-Level Data to Evaluate Infrastructure of the Walking Environment Around Bus Rapid Transit Stations:A Case Study of Xiamen,China

China has experienced rapid car-oriented suburbanization during the past decades and is facing emerging challenges such as traffic congestion,air pollution,and even health threats.Learning from North American cities,Chinese cities have started adopting and implementing a Transit-Oriented Development(TOD) strategy,which encourages the transit ridership and walking trips by creating a pedestrian-friendly urban environment.Although much research has examined the walking environment in various neighborhoods or communities,few existing studies have examined the walking environment around transit stations,especially using micro-level data,such as walking infrastructure variables.This research chooses several infrastructure variables that are critical for pedestrians to investigate the walking environment around stations of the Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) No.1 Line in Xiamen City,China.This study defines a half mile buffer centered on each station as the spatial unit of analysis.The Geographic Information System(GIS) and field audits are employed to measure the characteristics of the infrastructure for pedestrians in each spatial unit of analysis.The results of this analysis can help assess the existing conditions of the infrastructure for pedestrians in each station area,which might need to be added or improved.The findings will not only provide empirical support for improving TODs in Xiamen,but also offer a lesson on how areas around transit stations could be retrofitted to improve the pedestrian environment.     

生活街区轨道站步行易达性测度研究——以深圳和香港为例

步行作为轨道交通最主要的接驳方式,具有不可替代的作用。以深圳和香港生活街区的轨道交通站点为例,对影响站域步行易达的因素“步行距离、步行时间、步行环境”等进行了测度分析。研究发现,斜向放射状步行路径、建筑物底层架空、复合二层步行连廊能够有效的减少步行距离、步行等待时间等要素,提高步行易达性;受步行网络和站点形态的影响,实际步行集散区与理论步行集散区存在较大差异;多出入口的设置可以有效拓展站域服务面积,提高市民乘坐意愿。结果表明,港铁站点在步行易达性方面存在不小优势,站点步行集散区普遍较大;深圳的开放住区站点兼有城中村站点和封闭住区站点的优势,是值得推广的一种住区模式。在当今城市面临大规模更新背景下,探寻轨道站生活街区步行网络系统构建途径,提升步行出行衔接时效分布,活化站点社区的城市界面,对进一步提高轨道交通分担率有着积极意义。     

How do metro stations integrate with walking environments? Results from walking access within three types of built environment in Beijing

China is in a period of rapid metro system development. However, there are few empirical evaluations of the complex interactions between the local built environment and metro ridership in the Chinese context. In this study, we collected empirical data on the influence of local environmental characteristics on walking access in Beijing. Walking behaviors and built environment perceptions among commuters (N = 495) were collected at six metro stations in three distinctly different physical settings in Beijing—two in hutong, two in danwei, and two in xiaoqu. Participants recorded walking routes from the metro stations until they arrived at their destinations. Evaluations of the built environment were collected using a questionnaire after the participants arrived. Geographic information system was used to map walking routes and code built environment variables. Walking behavior outcomes were measured as walked time from metro exit to participant's destination. ANOVA compared differences between perceived and measured built environment characteristics and walking behaviors among selected neighborhoods. Multiple regression was used to test for associations between the built environment and metro station routes. We found that mean walking time from the metro station to a destination was 8 min. Recreational and office destinations had similar walking times to the metro station as residential destinations. Metro riders in xiaoqu and danwei walked longer distances to their destinations compared to metro riders in hutong. Physical obstacles to crossing streets made walking times longer. Greater connectivity, both perceived and measured, predicted shorter walking times. Local land use is not well integrated into metro station placement in Beijing. Better connectivity, pedestrian-friendly designs and higher building coverage ratio around the metro station might promote easier walking access and have the potential to capture more metro riders.     

社区老年步行环境建构

以老年人身体特征及其户外活动特点为步行环境的设计依据，从空间学的角度对老年人步行环境模式中的场所和路径的老年人选择进行了分析，提出了老年人步行环境的建构要点。     

Walkable streets: pedestrian behavior,perceptions and attitudes

Urban designers are interested in the environmental qualities of places that make them better for walking, not only as settings for physical activity, but also as sensorial and social settings. Research in walkability lacks qualitative studies that address the microscale analyses of the environment. This paper is an empirical examination of the relationship of the physical, land‐use, and social characteristics of the environment at the microscale to people's behavior and perceptions toward walking. Using the data from surveys and interviews, this research emphasizes the integration of user perceptions and subjective measures to understand the impact of environmental characteristics on walking behavior on Main Streets. Adding to previous research, this study demonstrates the significance of social qualities in supporting walking. The findings expand our understanding of the hierarchy and criteria of walking needs and suggest that, given a safe and comfortable setting, people look for usefulness, sense of belonging and pleasurability as additional and distinct needs to enhance their walking experience.     

基于行为偏好的休闲步行环境改善研究

运用叙述性偏好法调查休闲步行环境选择行为,在此基础上构建离散选择模型,量化研究休闲步行者对于步行环境的偏好机制,辨识各关注要素的影响程度。研究发现,休闲步行者最关注的步行环境要素为机动车流量大小、遮荫情况和人行道有效宽度。选择上海市杨浦区鞍山新村地区作为实际案例,应用休闲步行环境偏好研究结论,评价现状步行环境,量化具体改造措施的实施效果,为步行环境改善方法的研究提供一种行为视角的新思路。     

中国城市活力中心的街道步行环境指数测度

The existing studies concerning walkability mainly focus on the characteristics of the built environment that could encourage walking. However, few discussions have been reported regarding the influence of the street environment on walking experiences. In this study, a walking environmental assessment method was proposed, involving the nine indexes of crossing facilities, street planting, building aspect ratio, street furniture, isolation for non-motor vehicles, width of the sidewalk, illegal parking, sidewalk disrepair, and bike-exclusive lanes. This method was applied to evaluate the walking environment of 12740 city streets in 71 urban vitality centres of 50 typical Chinese cities by combining street images and virtual audits. In addition, the practical problems, causes, and strategies behind the scores were analyzed. The empirical results validate the feasibility of the proposed method in revealing problems of the walking environment in Chinese cities. Research conclusions provide suggestions to refine urban planning and management of non-motorized traffic systems in cities.