杭州市社区居民脑卒中患病情况及知信行调查

目的探讨杭州市社区居民中老年人群脑卒中防治知信行现状及危险因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取2 718名40岁以上中老年社区居民,进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果杭州社区居民中老年人脑卒中患病率为9.27%,年龄标化患病率为10.31%;多因素logistic回归显示,年龄大、患有高血压、得分糖尿病、有房颤史、中心性肥胖是杭州市中老年人群脑卒中患病的危险因素;杭州社区居民脑卒中防治相关知识总平均分(16.71±1.85)分、总得分率41.76%,脑卒中防治信念总平均分(42.05±1.61)分、总得分率58.40%,杭州社区居民脑卒中防治相关行为总平均分(34.21±1.43)分、总得分率45.61%;对调查对象脑卒中知识、信念、行为得分进行相关分析显示均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论杭州市社区居民中老年人群脑卒中患病率较高,高龄、高血压、糖尿病、房颤病史及中心性肥胖是中老年人群患脑卒中的危险因素;且社区居民脑卒中防治知识普遍缺乏,防治态度总体趋向积极,防治健康行为依从性较低。     

北京社区老年人代谢综合征知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解社区老年人代谢综合征(MS)知识、态度、行为现状,并分析其影响因素,为老年人MS的防治提供指导。方法:2021年1月至2021年8月对北京市丰台区方庄社区卫生服务中心健康体检的65岁及以上常住居民(居住时间≥6个月)采用自行设计的MS知信行调查问卷进行调查。剔除34份填写不完整的问卷,获得有效问卷491份(9...     

安庆市居民血吸虫病防治知信行调查分析

目的    了解安庆市居民对血吸虫病防治知识、态度、行为的现状,分析其影响因素,为血吸虫病防治健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法    采用简单随机抽样,抽取安庆市3个流行县（区）,通过Credamo调研平台发放问卷,调查当地居民对血吸虫病防治知识的认知、态度和行为并进行统计学分析。结果    安庆市居民血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为84.33%,态度正确率为91.54%,行为正确率为76.25%。不同性别、职业人群血防知识知晓率差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.549、57.459,P均＜0.05）;不同流行区类型、年龄组、文化程度人群知晓率差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）;不同流行区类型、年龄组、性别、文化程度、职业等人群的血防态度正确率、行为正确率差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论    安庆市居民对血吸虫病防治知识的总知晓率较高,对血吸虫病防治态度总体较为积极,但行为正确率有待提高。在今后血防工作中需加强对居民行为上的引导,对经常接触疫水的居民进行针对性教育,同时提高在校学生特别是高校学生的健康教育力度。     

门诊患者高血压知信行调查

高血压是引起心脑血管、肾脏疾病的重要危险因素,早期预防比高科技的医疗手段更为有效.因此,慢性病预防如高血压的预防等健康知识都是门诊患者急需的.     

北京市石景山区重点人群碘缺乏病知信行现状调查

目的了解北京市石景山区学生家长和孕妇等重点人群有关碘缺乏病的知识、态度、行为及购盐和用盐情况,为防控工作提供基线资料和科学依据。方法 2017年9月在北京市石景山区随机抽取310名学生家长、141名孕妇开展问卷调查,并获取人群碘缺乏病相关知识、态度和购盐、用盐情况等资料。结果学生家长和孕妇对碘缺乏病及其危害的知晓比例分别为94.68%和98.00%,正确知晓预防缺碘方法的比例为84.48%,补碘态度正确比例为50.55%;学生家长对碘缺乏病的了解程度高于孕妇人群(χ2=6.75,P<0.05),但孕妇知晓缺碘可造成智力损害(χ2=3.87)和流产(χ2=26.11)的比例明显高于学生家长(均P<0.05);调查人群中听说过"人群碘营养过剩,甲状腺疾病高发"及类似观点的比例为60.09%,其中56.09%的人认同此观点并会主动减少碘的摄入;人群选择专门购买碘盐、无碘盐及两者交替购买分别占46.34%,3.33%和36.14%,学生家长(50.64%)购买碘盐的比例高于孕妇人群(36.88%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.39,P<0.05)。结论北京市石景山区人群碘缺乏病及其危害的知晓率较高,但补碘态度和行为受错误认知影响较大;加强重点人群特别是孕妇碘缺乏病的健康宣传教育和碘盐市场监管是目前碘缺乏病防治工作的重点。     

北京60岁以上心房颤动患者流感疫苗知信行调查

目的:本研究旨在评估北京市老年心房颤动患者对流感及流感疫苗的认知、态度和行为,探究影响流感疫苗接种的因素,为提高心血管疾病患者(流感高危人群)疫苗接种率提供参考依据.方法:从中国心房颤动注册研究(CAFR)的非瓣膜性心房颤动患者中纳入北京户籍、年龄≥60岁患者,通过CAFR数据库收集一般资料,在随访时进行"改良KAP问...     

驻马店市确山县小学生和居民疟疾防治知信行调查分析

目的 了解驻马店市确山县小学生和居民疟疾防治知识、态度和行为现状,为针对不同特征人群制定输入性疟疾防治策略提供依据,防止疟疾输入再传播。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,在确山县东、南、西、北、中五个方位各随机抽取1个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)随机抽取1所小学和1个行政村(居委会),每所小学随机抽取五年级学生50名,每个行政村(居委会)随机抽取居民30名进行问卷调查,分析不同人群的疟疾防治知信行情况。结果 401名调查对象中,居民149人,学生252人,疟疾防治知识总知晓率为47.76%。居民知晓率为64.82%,男性居民知晓率为66.67%,女性知晓率为61.67%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.565,P<0.05);不同年龄组的居民知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ²=7.176,P>0.05);不同文化程度的居民知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ²=71.432,P<0.05)。居民对疟疾防治的态度均比较积极,态度持有率为92.62%,但行为持有率仅为47.43%。小学生疟疾防治知识知晓率为37.67%,男生知晓率为38.2...     

上海市长宁区社区糖尿病患者防治知信行调查

目的了解上海长宁某社区糖尿病患者的相关知信行情况。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取411名在管糖尿病患者,用自行设计的"社区糖尿病患者调查问卷"进行调查。结果 75.00%以上的调查对象知晓糖尿病的防治措施及危害,不足25.00%的调查对象了解糖尿病相关的中医专业知识及糖尿病足的危险因素。63.50%的调查对象相信中医治疗能有效控制糖尿病发展,88.81%希望获得更多糖尿病足防治的指导。81.02%的调查对象能坚持适量体力劳动,69.34%能规律使用降糖药,67.88%能规律测量血糖,46.72%能定期参加健教活动,39.90%能做到糖尿病饮食。影响患者糖尿病防治知信行的主要因素是:收入、病程和体质指数。结论在糖尿病社区管理中,医务人员抓住被管理对象知识短板进行针对性健康教育的同时,还应该重视如何促使患者将"知"转变为信,进而付诸于"行",从而切实提高社区糖尿病的防治水平。     

东莞市街头无偿献血者知信行调查分析

目的:了解东莞市街头献血者对无偿献血的相关知识和政策的认知水平、态度和行为状况,为我市无偿献血工作的改进和优化提供科学依据。方法:采用自制调查问卷对我市街头献血者进行调查,内容包括无偿献血相关知识和政策、献血动机、担心的问题、了解无偿献血的途径。结果:初次献血者和重复献血者在绝大部分调查项都有显著性差异。重复献血者对无偿献血政策、血液和献血知识的了解程度要远远高于初次献血者,"新闻媒体和公益广告"在献血者了解途径中均排在第一位,"家人、亲戚朋友"在初次献血者的了解途径中占有相当重要的地位。"献爱心"和"献血有益健康,免费体检"在献血动机中均排在前两位,"其他(好奇,查血型,减肥等)"在初次献血者的动机中占了很大一部分比例。初次献血者最担心的问题是"影响健康、工作和生活",而重复献血者最担心的是"血液去向及是否得到合理利用"。结论:根据此次调查结果,运用社会营销原理、心理咨询和马斯洛需求层次理论,有目的和针对性地进行宣传和招募,能促使献血者由知向信进而行为的转变。     

甘肃省部分医务人员食源性疾病监测知信行调查

目的 调查甘肃省各级医疗机构食源性疾病相关科室医务人员食源性疾病相关知识、态度及行为（简称知信行）现状,为提高全省食源性疾病监测水平提供依据。方法 于2022年3—5月,选择不同级别医疗机构食源性疾病相关科室的医务人员,采用问卷形式开展调查,知信行得分满分以10分赋值。结果 共调查237人,获有效问卷220份,医务人员食源性疾病相关的知信行正确率分别为55.83%、92.80%和77.78%,得分分别为（6.26±0.11）分、（9.28±0.08）分和（8.43±0.11）分。多因素分析结果显示,医院级别（β=0.391,95%CI:0.165～0.618）和参加工作年限（β=0.467,95%CI:0.102～0.831）均是知识得分的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 甘肃省医务人员对食源性疾病监测态度积极,但相关知识储备不足;应通过有针对性的培训进一步强化医务人员的监测行为。     

Knowledge and beliefs about influenza,pneumococcal disease,and immunizations among older people

OBJECTIVES: Despite the burden of disease caused by influenza and pneumococcus, immunization rates are moderate and have not reached national goals set for 2010. This study's objective was to identify patient knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that serve as facilitators of and barriers to influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. DESIGN: A survey conducted in 2000 by computer-assisted telephone interviewing. SETTING: To encounter a broad spectrum of patients and healthcare systems, we sampled patients at inner-city health centers, Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinics, and rural and suburban practices. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion criteria were patients aged 66 and older and an office visit after September 30, 1998. MEASUREMENTS: Responses to questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 1,007 (82%) interviews were completed among 1,234 people contacted by phone. Vaccination against pneumococcal disease was significantly related to being able to accurately describe one or more classic symptoms of pneumonia (P =.05). Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal disease was significantly related to belief that vaccination was the best way to prevent these diseases (P <.001). The unvaccinated reported that they felt they were not likely to contract influenza and that they did not know they needed the pneumococcal vaccine. Access was not related to vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS: Educational campaigns to increase vaccination rates among older adults should focus on symptoms of, risk for, and severity of influenza and pneumococcal diseases and encouraging physicians to recommend the vaccines to their patients.     

Infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice among Nepalese health care workers

This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and infection control practices among Nepalese health care workers (HCWs). The study comprised a questionnaire survey of 324 staff from acute care hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 158 doctors and 166 nurses participated, 27% of whom had received infection control training. Only 16%, 14%, and 0.3% of the respondents achieved maximum scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice items, respectively. Staff had good knowledge and positive attitude toward most aspects of infection control, although only half had heard of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Logistic regression revealed that profession, age, and having studied abroad significantly predicted markers of infection control knowledge, attitudes, and practice. This is the first survey of infection control practice among Nepalese HCWs and provides useful baseline data by professional group. There is ample opportunity for improvement in current practice, which should be recognized by hospital managers and Nepalese health authorities.     

National survey of knowledge,attitude and practice of fibromyalgia among rheumatologists in China

Aim

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. It is a less frequently diagnosed disease in China, thus Chinese rheumatologists may have lower awareness of FM compared with colleagues in Western countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions of FM in Chinese rheumatologists and analyze their therapeutic approach in clinical practice.

Method

An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among a nationwide sample of Chinese rheumatologists at the 15th National Rheumatology Conference in 2010. The 20‐question survey included questions regarding background, work experience, perceptions of diagnosis and behaviors of treatment related to FM. Continuing medical education (CME) information was also collected in the survey.

Results

Seven hundred and seven rheumatologists responded to the questionnaire, a response rate of 60%. Less than one‐fifth of the respondents were experienced in dealing with FM. Although most of the respondents regarded FM as a distinct pathological entity, nearly 30% of Chinese rheumatologists believed that FM was only a psychological disorder. The respondents recognized some of the FM‐related symptoms, but had limited knowledge on the diagnostic criteria. Eighty percent of the respondents declared they had difficulties in treating FM patients. However, nearly all (90.8%) respondents believed that the prognosis of FM patients was usually benign. Our data also showed that most Chinese rheumatologists were eager for CME on FM.

Conclusion

The awareness and perception of FM are still low among Chinese rheumatologists. CME on FM is needed for improving the quality of health care in China.     

Prevalence of antidepressant use among older people: population-based observations

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of antidepressant use with respect to age, gender, and time during a 5-year period from 1993 to 1997. DESIGN: A retrospective, population-based study in which data regarding a cross-sectional series of annual antidepressant use were obtained from administrative claims and census databases for more than 1.4 million older persons during calendar years 1993 through 1997. PARTICIPANTS: All residents of Ontario aged 65 or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the prevalence of antidepressant users as a function of age group, gender, and time. RESULTS: A general, positive, linear trend in the prevalence of antidepressant users with increasing age group was consistently detected regardless of gender and year assessed (P < .001 for both genders and all years). The age-adjusted relative risk of women being dispensed an antidepressant relative to men was significantly higher during each year but seemed to decrease slightly over time: 1.74 (95% CI, 1.72-1.76) in 1993 and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.63-1.67) in 1997. The multiple linear regression model revealed significant relationships between the prevalence of antidepressant users and increasing age group, female gender, and increasing year of assessment (P < .001 for each variable). The prevalence was observed to range from a low of 5.6% in 65 to 69-year-old men in 1993 to a high of 17.2% among 85 to 89-year-old women in 1997. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that the prevalence of antidepressant users is dynamic and is significantly and independently associated with age, gender, and time of assessment.     

武汉市某医院老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病住院患者发生衰弱现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)住院患者发生衰弱现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法选取2021年1月至2022年12月华润武钢总医院住院的260例老年COPD住院患者为研究对象。采用自制一般资料问卷对患者开展调查,使用临床衰弱量表对患者的衰弱状况进行评估,检测血红蛋白、25-羟基维生素D(25-OH-D)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析老年COPD住院患者发生衰弱的影响因素。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验及χ²检验。结果 本研究共发出调查问券260份,收回260份(100.00%),其中发生衰弱患者67例(25.77%)。性别、年龄、吸烟、锻炼习惯、营养状态、疾病严重程度和肺功能是老年COPD住院患者发生衰弱的影响因素(P<0.05);衰弱组患者的血红蛋白、25-OH-D水平显著低于未衰弱组,IL-6水平显著高于为衰弱组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);根据logistic回归分析得知性别、年龄、吸烟、锻炼习惯、营养状态、疾病严重程度、肺功能、血红蛋白低表达、25-OH-D低表达、IL-6高表达是老年COPD住院患者发生衰弱的危险因素(OR＝3.174,1.556,3.162,1.735,2.649,5.089,2.162,1.314,1.974,2.173;P＜0.05)。结论 武汉市某医院老年COPD住院患者衰弱的发生率较高,性别、年龄、吸烟、锻炼习惯、营养状态、疾病严重程度、肺功能、血红蛋白、25-OH-D、IL-6水平均有影响,临床上应进行合理的干预,从而减少衰弱的发生。     

Levels of cardiac knowledge and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among older people in Queensland

Objectives: The current study was conducted to determine levels of cardiac knowledge and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in older people in Queensland, Australia. Methods: A telephone survey of 4490 Queensland adults examined respondents’ knowledge of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, knowledge of heart attack symptoms, knowledge of the local emergency telephone number, as well as respondents’ rates and recency of training in CPR. Results: Older participants, aged 60 years and over, were approximately one and a half times more likely than the 30–39 year‐old reference group to have limited knowledge of heart disease risk factors (OR = 1.53), and low knowledge of heart attack symptoms (OR = 1.60). Knowledge of the local emergency telephone number also decreased with age. Older participants had significantly lower rates of training in CPR, with almost three quarters (71.7%) reporting that they had never been trained. Older people who had completed CPR training were significantly less likely to have done so recently. Conclusions: Cardiac knowledge levels and CPR training rates in older Queensland persons were lower than those found in the younger population.