源网荷储多元协同调度体系研究与实践

当前,"碳达峰、碳中和"是我国重要的战略目标,建立以新能源为主体的新型电力系统是实现"双碳"战略的重要手段。为适应新型电力系统的发展需求,提出一种源网荷储多元协同调度体系,通过建立适应电源侧、电网侧、负荷侧各类资源参与的电力市场机制和多类资源协作互动调控平台,有效提升了源网荷储间的协调能力和清洁能源的消纳水平。最后,经山东电网多地市源网荷储协调互动试验及试点应用,验证了所提出多元协同调度体系的有效性。     

面向高比例新能源消纳的西北调峰辅助服务市场机制及实践

“源网荷”灵活互动是智能电网发展、电力市场化改革背景下能源系统转型升级的必然发展趋势,也是解决西北地区新能源调峰资源短缺、消纳空间不足的关键。梳理了国内外面向高比例新能源的“源”“荷”“网”及“源荷”联动下的辅助服务市场的市场机制、交易品种等关键技术及建设经验,立足西北电网的调峰瓶颈及障碍,基于现行西北区域省间调峰辅助服务市场平台,提出了适宜西北地区负荷特性及新能源消纳需求的“源网荷”联动调度模式及交易机制,以期利用市场杠杆与调度策略并行的调控手段,激发源网荷各主体调峰意愿,联动多主体协同参与调峰,共同促进西北地区新能源的全面消纳。     

基于改进Nash-Q均衡迁移算法的源网荷储协同优化策略

为了充分发挥多类型储能资源的调度潜力,实现源网荷储协同优化调度,提出了计及电池储能、抽水蓄能、电动汽车的多类型储能调度策略。以低碳经济为目标,构建了考虑多主体博弈的源网荷储协同优化调度模型。为了在保证源网荷三侧整体利益的同时兼顾自身利益,基于Nash均衡理论,利用强化迁移学习技术,提出了一种基于改进Nash-Q的均衡迁移算法。利用K-means聚类使数据离散化,增设双结构经验池以提高样本利用率,从而有效提高了模型的泛化能力。基于实际区域电网的数据进行仿真验证,结果表明所提策略能有效降低系统的经济成本和碳处理费用,提高新能源消纳能力。     

主动配电网源-网-荷-储协调调度研究综述

主动配电网（active distribution network ,ADN）是通过对源、网、荷实施主动管理而提高分布式能源消纳能力和提升电网运行效率的配电系统。在主动配电网日益发展的大背景下,“源-网-荷-储”协调调度技术在主动配电网的发展中发挥了重要的作用,是促进新能源大规模消纳的核心技术之一。国内外学者针对主动配电网“源-网-荷-储”协调调度技术开展了深入广泛的研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果。首先该文对主动配电网的特征进行了梳理;然后,从主动配电网需求响应技术、柔性负荷建模、协调调度机理、协调调度架构4个技术层面对主动配电网“源-网-荷-储”协调调度技术进行分析归纳;最后,对主动配电网协调调度技术发展中存在的问题和前景进行了分析展望。     

分布式园区综合能源系统经济调度监测与分析

针对能源利用效率低下的问题,面向园区级智慧能源,构建了一套涵盖电网、区域热网(冷网)、油/气管网、水网等多类型和多形态基础设施的综合新型能源应用架构。设计了一套综合能源服务系统,系统包含源、网、荷、储等各个环节的关键技术,将电、气、热、风、光等数据信息转换为终端需求的能源形式;构建了耦合矩阵实现能源网络的转换;设计了蝙蝠算法,提高了经济调度异常信息监测;通过新能源接入及消纳技术实现清洁能源接入;通过电子控制技术实现能源应用控制。试验结果表明,技术方案应用效率高、评估误差低,大大提高了经济调度监测与分析能力。     

基于灵活性裕度的含风电电力系统源荷储协调滚动调度

新能源渗透率提高增加了电力系统调度运行难度,电力系统灵活性不足严重影响了新能源消纳和电网安全运行。从灵活性资源出力特性和灵活性供给能力角度入手,基于电力系统灵活性裕度指标,以最大抽蓄调峰效益、最大风电消纳电量、最小机组运行成本和最小可中断负荷调用成本为目标,计及电力系统运行约束,建立源荷储多种灵活性资源统一协调滚动调度模型。基于协调调度思想,优化日前每个调度时段各灵活性资源出力,然后利用日内超短期风电预测数据,滚动修正各灵活性资源出力状态。最后通过算例验证了模型及其调度方法的有效性和可行性。     

源-荷协整关系与电价时间序列协整模型

针对电源出力曲线与需求侧负荷曲线因功率实时平衡而完全一致的特点,证明二者存在数学意义上的协整关系。在新能源高渗透率系统的源-网-荷-储协调运行中,将源网、荷储功率曲线分别合计为源、荷曲线,提出源-网-荷-储协调调度的源-荷协整关系和理论依据。为了实现协整并消纳新能源,提出源-荷与电价时间序列协整的经济技术模型,该模型以常规机组出力波动率最小为目标,以不平衡电价为约束。算例结果表明:源-荷曲线时间序列与电价之间协整后得到的常规机组出力波动率较小,因此变量之间的协整关系可以充分发挥终端用户的资源配置潜力,激励需求侧资源负荷曲线的变化,最大化地消纳新能源。     

基于云计算的智能电网调度平台研究

针对我国能源领域近年来出现的新问题,诸如新能源大量并网和消纳、源网荷的联动、提高电网数据处理效率、增强电网风险防范能力等,提出利用电力大数据和云计算技术构建综合型的智能电网调度云计算平台,借助调度云计算平台高效的数据计算能力,提高电网中调度大数据的处理效率,合理配置电力资源。阐述调度云计算平台的工作原理,并在调度云计算平台的基础上,将电网的调度结构和外部气象、地质、水文、定位、图像识别等信息相结合,组建调度云应用平台。以省级电网调度为例,按照电网需求和调度功能,在调度云应用平台上进行功能模块设计,构建省级电网调度云计算平台。通过试验说明调度云计算平台在调度数据处理方面确有优势。最后对调度云计算平台的实现工作展开探讨,阐述调度云计算平台实现的前提条件。     

计及需求响应的源—网—荷—储协调优化调度研究

"双碳"背景下规模化新能源接入系统,为提高电网安全稳定运行能力,提出了一种计及需求响应的源—网—荷—储协调优化调度模型.首先,对需求响应机理进行分析,并在此基础上建立了基于机会约束的源—网—荷—储协调优化调度模型,该模型充分考虑了新能源随机性给系统带来的影响.其次,采用基于半不变量法和原对偶内点法的启发式迭代算法求解所...     

含电动汽车的区域电网储能优化配置及能量优化策略研究

伴随以整县光伏为代表的分布式新能源快速增长,以电动汽车为代表的新型电力负荷的不断接入进一步影响了源荷平衡特性,储能和柔性互联等灵活性调节资源是解决源荷平衡的重要手段。面向含风电、光伏、储能、电动汽车和柔性互联所组成的源-荷-储系统的典型拓扑和应用场景,结合电动汽车负荷的随机性和无序性,综合考虑能量平衡、运行平衡、供电可靠和功率波动等约束条件,通过充分利用电动汽车和柔性互联存量化灵活性调节资源,获得储能系统的优化配置方法,基于源-荷-储系统的优化控制策略,可以进一步降低储能配置,在满足区域电网内新能源最大消纳场景下实现储能系统的最优配置。     

Protection, metering, monitoring, and control of medium-voltage power systems

Traditional practices for industrial and commercial medium-voltage power systems to provide protection, metering, monitoring, control, power quality analysis, disturbance recording, and automation have changed. The new multifunction numerical protection relays using the processing power of the present generation of microprocessors have very high functionality. Many functions can be integrated into one device, allowing new power system problem-solving capabilities while permitting significant cost savings as compared with discrete protective relays, instruments, meters, recorders, and transducers of the past. This paper describes the vast capabilities and recent enhancements of these devices, which will be called intelligent electronic devices in this paper. Included are anecdotes obtained from an installation on a large industrial power system.     

Grades, Quizzes, Motivation, and Computers

The following paper describes the use of a simple FORTRAN computer program that may be used to determine course grades. The program is based on processing a set of IBM punched data cards. Each card contains the name of a student and all of his grades, including the final examination grade. The program may also be used to predict the final examination grade, based on previous quiz grades, and then, in turn, to predict the final course grade. It is thus possible to use this program periodically throughout the entire semester in order to provide the student, as well as the instructor, with a measure of his progress.     

Design,Analysis, Fabrication,and Testing of Laboratory Model of Transmission Line

This article presents a procedure for the development of a scaled-down laboratory model of a transmission line based on per unit. values of a true line. The X/R ratio of the model is kept same as that of the true line, as then only their performance can be compared. The current-carrying capacity of the scaled-down model is closer to 20 A to enhance its utility with different flexible AC transmission systems devices. A scaled-down model of a true line for which parameters are available in the open literature is fabricated, and a case study of its simulation and validation is presented. These studies show that the laboratory model is able to emulate closely the true line, and therefore, it can be fruitfully used for the dynamic study of the transmission line embedded with flexible AC transmission systems and hardware-in-loop simulation studies.     

Teh Philosophy, Design, and Development of Miartes

"Miartes" is a code name for a Missile Autopilot Research and Teaching Simulator designed initially to satisfy the requirement for a special-purpose analog computer on which the principles of missile control and automatic control engineering could be taught simultaneously. The simulator is based on the roll autopilot suitable for the hypothetical missile "Flying Shrew." A sophisticated flight envelope, extending in altitude from sea-level to 70 000 feet and in speed from Mach 1.0 to Mach 2.0, necessitates a novel approach to the computer design if rescaling is to be avoided. The sophisticated ffight envelope chosen vividly illustrates the need for some form of adaptive autopilot loop. The simulator is intended to supplement more complex specialized computers, and general-purpose analog computers in an integrated course involving several specializations. It has been found that the use of the "Flying Shrew" mathematical model has enabled a thorough integration between lecture room and laboratory to be achieved. Calibration of the simulator is directly in terms of missile autopilot parameters, and, since rescaling is avoided, the effective student absorption rate is at least four times greater than with older methods of teaching. The simulator is also an excellent basis for student design and research projects.     

Telecommunications, matter, and the formation of value

An examination is presented of how basic aspects of telecommunications and information transfer require a new understanding of the concepts of commodity value and its relationship to public policy. The main focus is on the creation of value in an increasingly information-based economic environment. Determinants of economic value for information commodities are revealed in the analysis of communication channels. The investigation draws upon the general nature of telecommunications and information transfer for principles governing commodity-value formation in both broadcast media and telephone-type resources. These are contrasted with value formation for material commodities. This model has broader implications for the issue of creating information as a social value from a limited range of formats and conventions. it is shown how, at the level of social policy, the role of standard and individual choice are becoming dominant as the realities of an increasingly information-based society have their impact on the values of the culture     

Origin, development, and design of K-factor transformers

Large rectifier transformers, because of the harmonics, always had to be specially designed to cope with the additional heating. But at that time there was no market or demand for 480 Delta-208Y1120 volt transformers to cope with the harmonic problem. Many people were aware of the problems with overheating but did not know the cause. In addition, average reading ammeters read too low when harmonic currents flowed in the neutral, and it rook true RMS meters to give accurate results. The problem was how to quantify the heating effect of harmonics. ANSI/IEEE C57.110, a guide for determining the heating effects of nonlinear loads, developed an equation for calculating the heating effects. By squaring the frequency and the per-unit current and multiplying them together, the guide arrived at a number without any designation. This was going to be called C for “constant”, but was decided against because of possible confusion with “centigrade”. The letter K for “Konstant” seemed reasonable to use, and Underwriters Laboratory accepted this designation in the original submission of a low voltage dry type transformer. K since became the standard measure of the ability of a transformer to withstand nonlinear loads. The features of the K-transformer are briefly discussed     

History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutralparticle, atoms, and molecules

Reviews the history of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particles, from the time of its origin in 1970 up to the present. As we shall see, the unique characteristics of this technique are having a major impact on the many subfields of physics, chemistry, and biology where small particles play a role