巧心为用 寄托遥深——论陶瓷美术艺术手法

陶瓷美术作品的艺术魅力，在于巧用艺术手法，艺术手法大致可分引用，映衬，象征，双关，拟人，夸张，借代，对比，比喻，渲染等类，巧用这些手法，能大大地增强作品的艺术感染力。     

2001—2002年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2001年7月到2002年6月有关国外塑料工业的相关期刊资料，介绍了2001年到2002年国外塑料工业的发展情况，提供了世界各地域塑料原材料的产量及构成比，日本，美国，加拿大，德国，法国，比利时，墨西哥，芬兰，西班牙等国家的树脂产量，消费量及增长率，以及日本，西欧，北美等地区的不同品种塑料原料消费量和增长率统计，按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯，聚氯乙烯，ABS树脂），工程塑料（尼龙，聚碳酸酯，聚甲醛，热塑性聚酯，聚苯醚），通用热固性树脂（酚醛，聚氨酯，不饱和树脂，环氧树脂），特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚，液晶聚合物，聚醚醚酮）不同品种的顺序，对树脂的产量，消费量及合成工艺，产品应用开发，树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等有关技术作了详细的介绍。     

紫砂器造型美

温润如君子，豪迈如丈夫，风流如词客，丽娴如佳人，葆光如隐士，潇洒如少年，短小如侏儒，朴讷如仁人，飘逸如仙子，廉洁如高士，脱俗如衲子。美名众多的宜兴紫砂在历史发展的长河中，造型变化繁多，各类品种万余种，既有源于自然，又有作者创作构思，结构外形趋向简洁明快，符合时代的节奏，给人以美的享受，同时又是很好的实用茶具，因而成为众多茶具中出类拔萃的优秀工艺品之一。     

’96上半年化工市场趋势

’９６上半年化工市场趋势市场看好的品种硝酸，硫酸，盐酸，液氯，烧碱，铬盐，氰化钠，双氧水，钛白粉，硫酸铜，黄磷，磷酸，三氯化磷，三氯氧磷，炭黑，氯酸钾，亚硝酸钠，一氯甲烷，四氯乙烯，烷基苯，丁二烯，对二甲苯，新戊二醇，三羟甲基丙烷，环氧氯丙烷，冰醋酸...     

顺酐生产与市场分析

顺酐又名马来酸酐，化学品称顺丁烯二酸酐，是一种重要的有机化工原料，是仅次于苯酐，醋酐的第三大酸酐，顺酐主要用于生产不饱和聚酯，醇酸树脂，另外还用于农药，涂料，油墨，润滑油添加剂，造纸化学品，纺织品整理剂，表面活性剂等领域，以顺酐为原料可以生产1，4－丁二醇，γ－丁内酯，四氢呋喃，马来酸，富马酸和四氢酸酐等一系列重要的有机化学品和精细化学品。     

塑料在十三个领域的应用实例

本文介绍了塑料在汽车，情报通信，电子，家电，办公机器，电线电缆，机械部件，船舶，航空宇航，铁道车辆，原子能设备，包装容器，医疗等领域的应用实例。     

关于花炮生产新材料和新药剂的研究

烟花爆竹的安全，质量，环保问题是社会，各级政府关注的热点，只有开发，研究应用新材料，新烟火药剂，不断创新，才能满足国内，外花炮市场的需求，文中介绍了新材料，新药剂的研究成果。     

陶瓷制品的试制工艺

生产陶瓷制品包括五道主要工序：粉料制备，坯体压制，坯体加工，烧结和磨削，在必须提高坯体的加工性和改善工艺过程中烧结材料的物理机械悸能的情况下，可增添粉料的液体静压加工工序，坯体和预烧，二次机械加工等，该工艺适用于制作切削工具的工作部件，拉模，制作有色金属合金型材的工具，轴承，铰链，阀门，球阀，水枪喷嘴，压模部件，里衬构件，研磨体等。     

腐植酸与生物肥料

腐植酸（HA）是动植物残体经过微生物一系列分解和合成而形成的一种高分子有机物，它广泛存在于风化煤，褐煤和泥炭中，此外，土壤，堆肥，厩肥，河泥，塘泥，造纸废液，酒精废液中也含有一定数量。腐植酸组分中主要有黄腐酸，棕腐酸和黑腐酸三个组分，其中黄腐酸（FA）分子量小，活性高，效果好，是腐植酸的精化，腐植酸不是单一的化合物，而是由几个结构相似，分子大小不同的结构单元组成的大复合体，生物肥料是指含有活的微生物，通过其生命活动而产生肥效和促进农作物生长的生物活性肥料，将腐植酸与生物肥料结合，二者互惠互利，取长补短，是创新新型环保肥料的重要途径之一，近年来，我们在发酵HA的工艺上，筛选了适合在其发酵过程中的微生物肥料菌株，实现了HA与生物肥料有机结合，开发出一种新型高校的有机生物肥，取得了1＋1＞2的技术优势。     

380余种化工产品取消出口退税行业影响重大

根据调整目录，从2007年7月1日起，我国约380余种化工产品完全取消了出口退税。所涉及的化工产品包括粗苯，粗甲苯，粗二甲苯，萘，氟，氯，溴，碘，升华、沉淀、胶态硫磺，钠，汞，氯化氢（盐酸），氯磺酸，硫酸，发烟硫酸，红发烟硝酸，五氧化二磷，磷酸及偏磷酸、焦磷酸，硼的氧化物，硼酸，氨，氨水，     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.