维生素D、维生素D受体与支气管哮喘

越来越多证据表明,维生素D与支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）发病有关,主要机制包括维生素D和环境危险因素等共同作用导致免疫系统的失衡,以及维生素D影响胚胎肺发育等。本文主要综述维生素D、维生素D受体和免疫系统之间的关系,以及维生素D如何通过免疫学机制影响哮喘发病方面的研究进展。深入研究维生素D、维生素D受体在哮喘发病中所起的作用及作用机制,有助于进一步阐明哮喘的发病机制,从而为哮喘的预防和治疗提供新的途径。     

维生素D与代谢综合征

维生素D是人体必需的营养物质,其功能主要是通过维生素D受体来介导的.近年来研究发现,维生素D对胰岛具有保护作用,并且是维持正常胰岛素分泌和糖耐昔所必需的物质.临床及动物模型研究已证实维生素D对保证胰岛素正常释放以及维持糖耐量正常是必不可少的.维生素D受体基因多态性可能影响脂肪形成以及胰岛素敏感性.维生素D缺乏不仅与胰岛素抵抗和高血压的发生直接相关,而且可显著增加代谢综合征的发病风险.     

1,25(OH)2维生素D3及其受体与支气管哮喘的免疫机制

维生素D作为一种免疫调节剂,在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的免疫机制中发挥重要的作用,其中涉及到T细胞的信号转导途径的研究尚不明确.目前已知1,25-二羟基维生素D3[1,25(OH)2 D3]通过与维生素D受体结合发挥免疫调节作用.本文主要综述了1,25(OH)2 D3及其受体介导调节性T细胞在哮喘免疫机制中的作用以及1,25(OH)2 D3发挥生物学效应可能的信号转导途径.了解该免疫机制,对哮喘的防治具有重要的意义.     

维生素D及其受体抗肝癌作用研究进展

肝癌具有生存期短、病死率高及发病隐匿等特点,目前仍是慢性病毒性肝炎和肝硬化患者的主要死亡原因。近年研究发现,维生素D可通过与其受体结合而抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡和分化,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。本文简要综述了近年有关维生素D及其受体结合抑制肝癌发生发展的作用机制及维生素D受体基因多态性、维生素D类似物与肝癌发生发展的关系研究进展,以期为肝癌的治疗提供临床依据。     

维生素D对免疫系统的调节作用

长期以来,人们对维生素D的认识主要集中在对钙磷骨代谢的调节。自1980年,人们在钙磷骨代谢相关细胞外,如甲状旁腺细胞、淋巴细胞、胸腺及前髓细胞等发现了维生素D受体后,对维生素D的认识进一步开阔,后期的研究结果显示维生素D除了调节钙磷骨代谢之外,还具有更广泛的生理功能,其作用主要包括:参与免疫调节;参与炎性反应;糖、脂代谢的调节等病理生理过程。近年来,维生素D对免疫系统的调节作用备受关注。本文就维生素D对免疫系统的调节作用作一综述。     

维生素D与肺内免疫研究进展

维生素D作为一种免疫调节剂,在肺部微环境的免疫中发挥重要作用.维生素D可以在肺组织中激活并与相应的受体结合而发挥免疫作用,本文将从维生素D的代谢及生理作用、活性维生素D在肺内的产生及免疫作用、维生素D与哮喘的关系等方面进行综述.     

维生素D与哮喘相关性的临床与机制研究

近年来,维生素D (vitamin D,VD)被证实除具有影响骨代谢和钙稳态等经典作用外,还参与宿主防御、炎症反应等一系列病理生理过程,并具有免疫调节作用.支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种以慢性气道炎症为特征的异质性疾病,目前认为,免疫失衡是导致哮喘发生的主要原因.大量流行病学资料表明VD缺乏与哮喘有关.该文主要就VD水平与哮喘的相关性及VD对哮喘作用的可能机制作一综述,为理解哮喘的发病机制及寻找更有效的治疗靶点提供新思路.     

维生素D缺乏与支气管哮喘发病关系的研究进展

越来越多的证据表明,维生素D与支气管哮喘(简称"哮喘")密切相关,该文从维生素D影响哮喘的免疫机制、维生素D与哮喘的关系以及维生素D对哮喘急性发作的影响等方面进行综述。     

维生素D调节支气管哮喘气道平滑肌的研究进展

气道平滑肌的过度增生、肥大及功能异常,可能是支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）的发病机制之一。新近研究发现,除了对骨骼和钙代谢有明确的作用,维生素D还可调节气道平滑肌的增殖、收缩,并在哮喘的免疫调节方面起着重要的调控作用,从而影响气道炎症、气道重塑等哮喘的病理生理过程。本文就维生素D调节哮喘气道平滑肌的研究进展作一综述。     

维生素D与肺内免疫研究进展

维生素D作为一种免疫调节剂,在肺部微环境的免疫中发挥重要作用。维生素D可以在肺组织中激活并与相应的受体结合而发挥免疫作用,本文将从维生素D的代谢及生理作用、活性维生素D在肺内的产生及免疫作用、维生素D与哮喘的关系等方面进行综述。     

Vitamin D deficiency and chronic lung disease

Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a prevalent problem in the general population. Patients with chronic lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung disease and interstitial pneumonia appear to be at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency for reasons that are not clear.Several studies indicate that vitamin D possesses a range of anti-inflammatory properties and may be involved in processes other than the previously believed functions of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Various cytokines, cellular elements, oxidative stress and protease/antiprotease levels appear to affect lung fibroproliferation, remodelling and function, which may be influenced by vitamin D levels. Chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease have also been linked to vitamin D on a genetic basis. This immune and genetic influence of vitamin D may influence the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. A recent observational study notes a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and decreased pulmonary function tests in a large ambulatory population.The present review will examine the current literature regarding vitamin D deficiency, its prevalence in patients with chronic lung disease, vitamin D anti-inflammatory properties and the role of vitamin D in pulmonary function.     

Vitamin D and Innate Immunity

This chapter will examine the role of vitamin D in the innate immune system as a mediator of human host defense mechanisms microbial disease, focusing on tuberculosis. The first section will examine tuberculosis and the innate immune response to the intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis. This is followed by a discussion of the known associations, genetic and mechanistic, between the vitamin D pathway and tuberculosis susceptibility. Finally, the chapter will conclude with a discussion on the potential for adjuvant treatment of tuberculosis with vitamin D.     

Vitamin D: And its role in breast cancer

Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that plays a role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recently, extensive research on its extraskeletal actions has linked vitamin D deficiency to an increased risk of infection, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, cardiovascular disease, obesity, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, colon, breast, prostate and ovarian cancer and some neurological diseases. There are various mechanisms by which vitamin D influences the natural history of cancer. These include the role of vitamin D in the induction of apoptosis, stimulation of cell differentiation, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects and inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The aim of this review is to clarify the true role of vitamin D in the onset of breast cancer and evolution of the disease after treatment. A further aim is to suggest new research directions to identify indications and requirements for vitamin D supplementation in patients with breast cancer.     

维生素D和肥胖

大量研究表明维生素D及维牛素D受体（VDR）与肥胖密切相关.血清25（OH）D及1,25（OH）,D的浓度都与体重指数（BMI）呈负相关.潜在的原因可能是由于肥胖者活动少及着装习惯导致的日光照射少以及大量的维生素D储存于脂肪组织中所致.研究发现,补充维生素D有利于减轻体重.因此,肥胖者比非肥胖者更需要补充维生素D.只有增加安全、合适的日照时间,食用强化维生素D的食品或者补充高剂量的维牛素D才能保证体内充足的维生素D水平.     

维生素D和肥胖

大量研究表明维生素D及维牛素D受体(VDR)与肥胖密切相关.血清25(OH)D及1,25(OH),D的浓度都与体重指数(BMI)呈负相关.潜在的原因可能是由于肥胖者活动少及着装习惯导致的日光照射少以及大量的维生素D储存于脂肪组织中所致.研究发现,补充维生素D有利于减轻体重.因此,肥胖者比非肥胖者更需要补充维生素D.只有增加安全、合适的日照时间,食用强化维生素D的食品或者补充高剂量的维牛素D才能保证体内充足的维生素D水平.     

维生素D抗感染机制研究进展

临床流行病学研究表明,维生素D缺乏与各种感染性疾病风险升高密切相关。近年来研究认为,维生素D是机体抵抗感染的核心调控因子。在人类固有免疫系统和天然黏膜屏障功能中,活性维生素D触发抗微生物信号通路,提高机体细胞免疫功能,对抗和抑制细菌、真菌、病毒等病原微生物引发的感染。同时,活性维生素D也调控超敏反应,减轻器官、组织免疫...     

Vitamin D,Cardiovascular System,and Longevity of Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract: The risk of cardiovascular death is high in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and thickening, stiffening and calcification of the arterial wall have been shown as its predictive factors. Activated vitamin D preparations are used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in HD patients, but as they increase serum phosphate and calcium concentrations, there is a concern that they promote vascular calcification and, consequently, exacerbate the outcomes. In this article, the effects of vitamin D therapy on survival, cardiac function, arteriosclerosis, immunity, and inflammation are evaluated by reviewing the literature. In HD patients, the risk of death (particularly cardiovascular death) is significantly lower in those treated than in those not treated with vitamin D. Moreover, activated vitamin D improves cardiac function and alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in HD patients. Experimental data in cultured macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells suggest that it has antiatherosclerotic effects. In vivo, the administration of vitamin D improves immune functions and normalizes inflammatory reactions. In HD patients, vascular calcification is related to the dose of calcium carbonate, but its relationship with the administration of vitamin D is not significant. These observations suggest that, contrary to the general concerns, activated vitamin D exerts favorable effects on the cardiovascular system in HD patients as long as it is used in appropriate clinical doses.