正交实验优化超临界流体CO_2反胶团-络合萃取痕量重金属

利用超临界流体CO2反胶团-络合萃取食品中痕量重金属铅、汞和砷,通过正交实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和反胶团AOT浓度对痕量重金属萃取率的影响。确定最佳萃取工艺为:萃取压力20 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间90 min、反胶团AOT浓度0.1 mol.L-1,此时,重金属铅、汞、砷的萃取率分别为93.50%、95.36%、90.47%。表明超临界流体CO2络合萃取时加入反胶团能明显提高痕量重金属的脱除率,萃取效果优于超临界流体CO2反胶团萃取和超临界流体CO2络合萃取。     

超临界CO2流体萃取中的在线检测技术

综述了超临界CO2流体萃取中的在线检测技术,介绍了超临界CO2流体萃取与超临界流体色谱、气相色谱、高效液相色谱、核磁共振、近红外光谱等技术的联用在线检测,阐述了在线检测技术的优越性,提出了如何发展超临界CO2流体萃取中的在线检测技术。     

超临界CO2萃取的研究进展

超临界CO2流体萃取技术是近年来兴起的一项具有精馏和萃取两过程的高新物质分离精制技术，文章主要通过对各类超临界CO2流体萃取实验的文献报道和实验操作进行分析，对超临界CO2流体革取技术的原理、特点和超临界CO2流体萃取的主要影响因素及其优化方法和经验模型进行了综述。     

超临界CO2配合萃取中药中重金属的研究进展

综述了国内外采用超临界流体技术配合萃取中药中重金属的研究现状。介绍了中药中重金属的形态分析方法、重金属的存在形态与配合萃取的关系、超临界配合萃取的原理、配合剂的选择和回收利用、配合萃取过程的影响因素等。提出了有关于中药中微量重金属的化学形态、寻找合适的配合剂、超临界条件下配合萃取本身的机理等几个目前存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

超临界CO2萃取技术在中药有效成分提取中的应用

超临界流体萃取技术是一种新型高效分离技术,也是中药现代化的关键技术之一。简要介绍了超临界CO2萃取技术的基本原理、特点及其在中药有效成分提取中的应用。     

超临界流体萃取技术的发展现状

超临界流体萃取作为一种新型的分离技术,越来越受到各行业的关注和重视,并已广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品及香料工业等领域.作者对超临界流体萃取技术进行了评述,主要从超临界CO2流体萃取技术的原理、工业应用及其强化过程等几个方面,介绍了国内外关于超临界流体分离技术的最新研究动态,最后针对超临界萃取技术应用现状,探讨了其目前存在的问题及应用前景.     

超临界CO2萃取的研究进展

通过对各类超临界CO2流体萃取实验的文献报道和实验操作进行分析,对超临界CO2流体萃取技术的原理、特点和超临界CO2流体萃取的主要影响因素及其优化方法和经验模型进行了综述.     

超临界CO2流体萃取装置的污染分析与控制

针对超临界CO2流体萃取装置的工艺特点,分析了超临界CO2流体萃取装置中主要污染物的组成种类及其主要来源,指出噪声是超临界CO2流体萃取装置的主要污染物,同时提出从污染源着手,控制和减少超临界CO2流体萃取装置污染的一些措施.     

超临界CO2流体萃取的应用进展

超临界CO2流体萃取技术已成为一种新兴分离技术,具有操作简单、快速、效率高、无毒、无污染等优点使其广泛应用于各个领域。文章主要介绍了超临界CO2流体萃取技术的原理及优点,综述了近年来超临界流体萃取技术在食品工业、天然香料工业及中草药开发中的应用,并进行了展望,指出了存在的问题和今后发展的趋势。     

超临界CO2萃取的研究与应用

介绍了超临界流体的特性及其萃取的基本原则，讨论了超临界流体萃取技术的优点，评述了超临界CO2的特点，概述了国内外超临界CO2萃取技术在医药，食品，香料，石油化工以及环境保护等领域的开发及应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.