基于模糊C均值聚类和支持向量机算法的燃煤锅炉结渣特性预测

应用基于模糊C均值聚类算法预处理的支持向量机算法对锅炉结渣特性进行预测建模,将煤的软化温度、碱酸比、硅铝比和硅比以及无因次炉膛烟气平均温度和无因次实际切圆直径作为模型的输入变量,结渣程度作为输出变量,利用优化后的模型对10台锅炉的结渣特性进行评判.结果表明:该模型能够减小训练样本的过拟合度,具有较强的泛化能力;本试验中FCM-SVM预测模型预测结果的正确率为100%,可以实现对锅炉结渣特性的精确预测.     

电站锅炉结渣倾向性模糊综合评判

基于模糊数学原理,以分辨率较高的7个指标包括煤灰软化温度t2,煤灰硅比G,煤灰硅铝比SiO2/Al2O3,煤灰碱/酸比B/A,无因次炉膛最高温度t,无因次实际切圆直径d及综合指数R构成评判因素集。对取自6个电厂的煤灰的结渣程度进行了综合判断,并将其结果与实际结渣情况进行了对比,以验证模型的可靠性。     

基于支持向量机的煤灰结渣特性判别

在研究燃煤煤灰成分与其结渣特性之间关系的基础上,提出了基于支持向量机算法的煤灰结渣特性判别模型。该模型将煤灰成分作为输入量,煤灰结渣特性作为输出量,并用离子群优化算法对支持向量机参数进行优化。最后用实测数据对模型进行校验,结果表明,基于支持向量机的煤灰结渣特性判别模型的判别准确率高于采用相同训练集和测试集的其他算法。支持向量机判别速度快,准确率高,有利于提高动力配煤经济性以及锅炉运行安全性。     

基于支持向量机的燃烧过程飞灰含碳量与NOx排放特性模型

大型四角切圆电站锅炉NOx排放和飞灰含碳量是燃烧优化的两个方面,也是电厂关心的重要问题。影响两者的因素众多而且复杂,对锅炉飞灰含碳量和NOx排放特性进行建模是实现燃烧优化的一个前提。文中首先利用交叉验证算法分析样本数据,对支持向量机中的参数C和σ进行选择,再应用支持向量机理论建立了飞灰含碳量和NOx排放特性模型,最后利用试验数据对模型进行了校验。研究结果表明,采用支持向量机算法建模误差较小,达到了比较准确的预测效果。     

基于万有引力搜索算法的电厂锅炉NO_x排放模型的参数优化

以某330MW煤粉汽包锅炉为测试对象,以支持向量回归机为基础,利用最小二乘支持向量机和一种新的寻优算法———万有引力搜索算法进行了综合建模及参数优化.结果表明:建立的模型较好地实现了对电厂锅炉NOx质量浓度排放量的预测;与遗传算法、蜂群算法和粒子群算法相比,万有引力搜索算法能更好地找到未知优化参数,使得所建模型具有更高的预测能力和泛化能力,从而有效控制燃煤电厂NOx的排放量.     

基于PSO优化LS-SVM的短期风速预测

提出了一种基于粒子群(PSO)算法优化最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的风电场风速预测方法。以相关性较高的历史风速序列作为输入,建立预测模型,并用粒子群算法优化模型参数。在对未来1 h风速进行预测时,文章所提出的模型比最小二乘支持向量机模型及BP神经网络模型具有较高的预测精度和运算速度。算例结果表明,经粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机算法是进行短期风速预测的有效方法。     

一种改进型LSSVM模型在电站锅炉燃烧与优化中的应用

采用鲁棒交叉验证算法对传统最小二乘支持向量机模型进行改进,并对某350 MW机组的锅炉燃烧系统进行建模,用以预测锅炉出口烟气参数的变化。结果表明:鲁棒交叉验证最小二乘支持向量机建模方法提高了模型的预测精度,增强了模型的鲁棒性,有效避免了单一元素误差对预测结果的影响;通过优化锅炉燃烧系统输入参数的组合,可以有效提高锅炉的整体经济效益并降低NOx的生成量。     

一种评判煤灰结渣特性的新方法

针对煤灰结渣特性单一评判指标的预测精度普遍偏低的问题,基于偏最小二乘算法（PLS）和交叉验证理论建立了煤灰结渣特性预测模型,该模型有4个输入变量,即煤灰的软化温度、碱酸比、硅比和硅铝比,1个输出变量,即结渣程度．提出了指标的同向性和异向性的概念,依据所提出的概念对各单一指标对煤灰结渣特性的作用进行了定性分析与讨论,结合拟合方程,给出了煤灰结渣特性的评判依据．通过对测试样本进行检验,结果表明：所提出的PLS预测模型的预测精度远高于单一评判指标的预测精度,所建模型是合理可行的．     

基于支持向量机和遗传算法的燃煤电站锅炉多目标燃烧优化

采用支持向量机方法建立350MW燃煤电站锅炉NOx预测模型和锅炉效率预测模型,并采用遗传算法对NOx和锅炉效率进行多目标优化,表明支持向量机和遗传算法可以用于指导参数调节,进行燃烧优化。     

基于支持向量机和遗传算法的燃煤电站锅炉多目标燃烧优化

本文采用支持向量机方法建立了350MW燃煤电站锅炉NOx预测模型和锅炉效率预测模型,并采用遗传算法对NOx和锅炉效率进行多目标优化,表明支持向量机和遗传算法可以用于指导参数调节,进行燃烧优化。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.