Co3O4@MnMoO4复合电极材料的制备及其超级电容性能研究

采用两步水热法制备了以泡沫镍作为基底的Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄复合材料,利用SEM、TEM、XRD、比表面积分析仪分别对材料的形貌、尺寸和结构与纯Co₃O₄纳米棒团簇进行了对比。在2.5 mAcm^-2的电流密度下,Co₃O₄和Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄作为电极时的比电容分别为436和663.75 F/g。与Co₃O₄纳米棒团簇相比,Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄复合材料具有更好的电容性能和良好的超级电容器应用潜力。这是由于其具有比Co₃O₄纳米棒团簇更高的电子/离子转移速率、更多的电活性反应位点和更大的电解质浸润面积。     

新型复合CdIn2S4/ZnIn2S4异质结的制备及其光催化性能

探索高效、稳定的光催化剂是实现实用化太阳能光催化降解污染物的永恒追求。采用化学共沉淀法合成了CdIn₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄微球,然后500°C退火得到降解性能更好的CdIn₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄异质结。SEM、XRD、XPS、BET和UV-Vis DRS对样品进行了表征。观察到异质结外貌为球形,具有典型的介孔结构,表面光电流响应和阻抗测试结果显示其活性显著增强。在光催化降解亚甲基蓝的反应中,退火后的CdIn₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄异质结的光催化活性最佳。反应90 min后,亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率为96.7%。活性的提高可以归因于催化剂对可见光吸收的增强和光生电荷分离效率的提高。对照实验证明,降解体系中产生的活性物种·O₂^-在降解过程中起关键作用。预测了异质结光催化降解污染物的机制。本...     

NiCo2O4/C复合电极材料的制备以及超级电容性能

采用化学共沉淀法合成了纳米级NiCo2O4/C复合材料,并以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行了结构和形貌的表征,结果表明,合成的复合材料为立方尖晶石结构,其粒径大小为30～40nm,颗粒呈球形且分布均匀。循环伏安(CV)、恒电流充放电测试表明,NiCo2O4/C复合材料在6mol/LKOH水系电解液中表现出优异的超级电容特征,在0～0.9V的电位范围内,NiCo2O4/C电极材料比电容量可高达290.49F/g,并具有良好的可逆性和优异的循环性能。     

新型超级电容器电极材料NaxCo2O4的制备及电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到Na x Co2O4(x=1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8和2.0)样品,并首次将其应用于超级电容器电极材料;经XRD、SEM和电性能研究得出,制备出的Na x Co2O4晶体均为层状结构,x=1.6时样品电容性能最好,在6mol/L NaOH电解液中,0.25~0.7V电压范围内,以50mA/g的电流密度进行恒流充放电,比电容高达413F/g。     

超级电容器用（RuO2/Co3O4）·nH2O复合薄膜电极的制备及其性能

配制RuCl3.3H2O和Co(CH3COO)2的异丙醇混合溶液,采用原位热分解法制备了超级电容器用(RuO2/Co3O4).nH2O复合薄膜电极.借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、电化学分析仪等表征薄膜的微观形貌、物相转变以及电化学性能.结果表明,当涂覆液中n(Ru3+):n(Co2+)=1:3时,复合薄膜经260℃热处理3h达到最佳的综合性能,比电容为569F/g,附着力为22.4MPa,内阻仅为0.42Ω,1000次充放电循环后比电容保持在初始电容量的97.6%.     

HClO4氧化对石油焦基活性炭超级电容器性能的影响（英文）

采用HClO4对石油焦进行氧化改性,按照碱碳比为3∶1的比例将改性石油焦活化成活性炭,产物标记为OAC-3。作为对比,按照碱碳比4∶1将石油焦活化成活性炭,产物标记为AC-4。采用XRD、I2吸附、N2吸附和循环伏安研究HClO4氧化对石油焦结构和产物活性炭性能的影响。结果表明,HClO4氧化将石油焦石墨微晶d(002)晶面层间距由0.344nm提高到0.353nm,同时将晶粒粒径由2.34nm减小到1.75nm。AC-4和OAC-3的比表面积分别为2 929和3 058 m2/g,在0.5 mV/s的扫描速率下,其比电容分别为361.3和392.7F/g;基于OAC-3的超级电容器具有更好的功率特性。     

CoxN@C超级电容器材料的制备及其电化学性能

钴的氮化物因具有良好的导电性和热稳定性在储能方面极具应用潜力。为制备高性能Co氮化物超级电容器电极材料,采用液相沉积法制备的Co-MFF(钴甲酸骨架材料)为前体,氨氩混合气氛热解Co-MFF制备Co_xN@C,研究了热解气氛和温度对制备的Co_xN@C结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Co-MFF经过氨热解得到了含有CoN和Co₄N混晶相以及N掺杂非晶态碳的Co_xN@C复合材料,且改变热解条件可使Co_xN@C的孔道结构丰富。当热解气氛中氨气含量为10%和焙烧温度为450℃时所得的Co_xN@C在1 A/g电流密度下具有208.5 F/g的高比容量,且在10 A/g的电流密度下,其比电容仍然能够达到171.4 F/g,表现出较好的倍率性能。经1 000次循环充放电后比电容依然保持100%,循环稳定性良好。上述研究为钴的氮化物超级电容器电极材料提供了新的制备途径。     

用于超级电容器的高性能石墨烯/CoMoO4复合电极

高性能超级电容器电极材料的开发对于缓解当前的能源危机势在必行,设计和优化混合过渡金属氧化物并研究电化学性能和循环寿命对于超级电容器的实际应用至关重要.在已开发的混合过渡金属氧化物中,由于电活性材料的导电率差并且与电解质的接触受限制,大大限制了所制备电极的电化学性能.我们在本文中提出了一种合成石墨烯/CoMoO4纳米片的...     

MnCo2O4基超级电容器电极材料研究进展

工业的迅速发展创造了新的能源需求,超级电容器因其具有全面代替传统电池的潜力已对新能源领域产生了极大的推动力,成为当下的研究热点。目前,研究的焦点集中于如何提高超级电容器的能量密度这一关键瓶颈问题。在制备可提高电极比容量的新型电极材料的过程中,MnCo₂O₄作为一种赝电容超级电容器电极材料,因具有成本低、比容量高、电化学性能优异等特点而被深度研究。综述了当前阶段MnCo₂O₄电极材料的多种制备方法及MnCo₂O₄基复合电极材料在实际应用中的相关进展,并对MnCo₂O₄基复合电极材料的可能未来进行了展望。     

水热法制备CoFe2O4/石墨烯复合物及其电化学性能

本研究采用水热法制备了质量比为2∶1的CoFe2O4/石墨烯(CoFe2O4/graphene)复合物,利用XRD、FT-IR和TEM对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,采用循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流充放电测试研究了其电化学性能。结果表明,CoFe2O4均匀的分布在石墨烯表面,粒径大约为10nm。在0.5A/g的电流密度下,比电容为105F/g。1000次循环后,电容保持率在90%以上。     

Mg4 Al3/CuO/Pb3 O4爆响剂的配方优化及声辐射特征?

为了寻求具有宽频特征的燃烧型烟火水声药剂材料,基于爆炸声具有水声频带较宽的特点,将Mg_4Al_3/CuO/Pb_3O_4爆响剂引入水下。首先,研究Mg_4Al_3/CuO/Pb_3O_4爆响剂中Pb_3O_4组分含量变化对A声压级的影响规律,并优选出A声压级最高的药剂,制成样品,并在水下点燃,利用水声测试系统研究其声频特征。结果表明,Mg_4Al_3/CuO/Pb_3O_4爆响剂A声压级随着Pb_3O_4含量的增加而增大,当外加Pb_3O_4的质量分数为75%~100%时,A声压级最高,可达到108.3 d B。将此Mg_4Al_3/CuO/Pb_3O_4爆响剂与烟火药制成样品,在水下点燃,产生的水声频率覆盖0~8 000 Hz,且出现锯齿形峰,0~1 000 Hz范围内最大声压级为116 d B。因此,Mg_4Al_3/CuO/Pb_3O_4爆响剂可作为一种潜在水声干扰材料。     

Preparation of Co-Ni Oxide/Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube and Their Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors

A Co-Ni oxide/vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) composite was prepared by thermal decomposition of cobalt-nickel nitrate precursor on the surface of VACNT electrode. VACNTs were used as 3D nanoporous substrate and were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from a mixture of H₂ and C₂H₂. The specific capacitance of Co-Ni oxide (5:5)/VACNT (with equal Co⁺²/Ni⁺² mole ratio) was measured to be 1050 Fg^?1, which is about 1.9- and 3-fold that of Ni oxide/VACNT (540 Fg^?1) and Co oxide/VACNT (341 Fg^?1), respectively. The results show Co-Ni oxide (5:5)/VACNT composite electrode has excellent specific capacitance because of porous network structure, good electrical conduction pathways, high access for the electrolyte solution, and consequently increased composite/solution interfacial contact area. The capacitance property of the Co-Ni oxide/VACNT composite electrode with different Co⁺²/Ni⁺² mole ratios was also investigated and the highest specific capacitance is achieved at equal Co⁺²/Ni⁺² mole ratio.     

Surface Modification of Fe7S8/C Anode via Ultrathin Amorphous TiO2 Layer for Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance

Iron sulfides with high theoretical capacity and low cost have attracted extensive attention as anode materials for sodium ion batteries. However, the inferior electrical conductivity and devastating volume change and interface instability have largely hindered their practical electrochemical properties. Here, ultrathin amorphous TiO₂ layer is constructed on the surface of a metal–organic framework derived porous Fe₇S₈/C electrode via a facile atomic layer deposition strategy. By virtue of the porous structure and enhanced conductivity of the Fe₇S₈/C, the electroactive TiO₂ layer is expected to effectively improve the electrode interface stability and structure integrity of the electrode. As a result, the TiO₂‐modified Fe₇S₈/C anode exhibits significant performance improvement for sodium‐ion batteries. The optimal TiO₂‐modified Fe₇S₈/C electrode delivers reversible capacity of 423.3 mA h g^?1 after 200 cycles with high capacity retention of 75.3% at 0.2 C. Meanwhile, the TiO₂ coating is conducive to construct favorable solid electrolyte interphase, leading to much enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency from 66.9% to 72.3%. The remarkable improvement suggests that the interphase modification holds great promise for high‐performance metal sulfide‐based anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.     

An efficient chemical precipitation route to fabricate 3D flower-like CuO and 2D leaf-like CuO for degradation of methylene blue

A facile and eco-friendly way for fabrication of CuO is developed based on an one-step chemical precipitation route without calcination procedure or use of surfactant. The structure features of as-prepared CuO are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption-desorption experiment. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that CuO with particle size of 13.5–19.2 nm and crystallinity of 67.0–72.9% can be fabricated by the transformation of Cu(OH)₂ precursor at bath temperature above 50 °C. By adjusting the oil bath temperature and the content of ammonium hydroxide, we demonstrate a formation mechanism to control CuO to be 2D leaf-like structure with large specific surface area of 33.4 m²/g and pore volume of 0.226 cm³/g, or 3D flower-like ones with specific surface area of 7.45–18.7 m²/g and pore volume of 0.0249–0.0850 cm³/g. The catalytic performances of as-prepared CuO are evaluated by monitoring degradation of methylene blue in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Almost 100% methylene blue degradation rate can be reached after reaction for 210 min on 3D flower-like CuO synthesized with 10 mL ammonia content in oil bath of 50 °C. The high activity can be correlated with the morphology and pore volume of CuO. The present synthetic strategy is an inexpensive and convenient way suitable for large-scale fabrication of copper oxides, which are potential catalysts for organic compounds degradation.     

CoNi2S4 Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanotube Sponge Cathode with Ultrahigh Capacitance for Highly Compressible Asymmetric Supercapacitor

Compared with other flexible energy‐storage devices, the design and construction of the compressible energy‐storage devices face more difficulty because they must accommodate large strain and shape deformations. In the present work, CoNi₂S₄ nanoparticles/3D porous carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge cathode with highly compressible property and excellent capacitance is prepared by electrodepositing CoNi₂S₄ on CNT sponge, in which CoNi₂S₄ nanoparticles with size among 10–15 nm are uniformly anchored on CNT, causing the cathode to show a high compression property and gives high specific capacitance of 1530 F g⁻¹. Meanwhile, Fe₂O₃/CNT sponge anode with specific capacitance of 460 F g⁻¹ in a prolonged voltage window is also prepared by electrodepositing Fe₂O₃ nanosheets on CNT sponge. An asymmetric supercapacitor (CoNi₂S₄/CNT//Fe₂O₃/CNT) is assembled by using CoNi₂S₄/CNT sponge as positive electrode and Fe₂O₃/CNT sponge as negative electrode in 2 m KOH solution. It exhibits excellent energy density of up to 50 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 847 W kg⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability at high compression. Even at a strain of 85%, about 75% of the initial capacitance is retained after 10 000 consecutive cycles. The CoNi₂S₄/CNT//Fe₂O₃/CNT device is a promising candidate for flexible energy devices due to its excellent compressibility and high energy density.     

碲化铜纳米材料的液相可控合成及其电导率

采用溶剂热法在不同溶剂中(二正丙胺、丙酮和环己酮)分别制备了不同形貌的Cu7Te4纳米结构,包括厚度为200 nm,长度达几十微米的纳米带、粒径为10~25 nm的纳米粒子和由约10 nm的纳米粒子聚集构成的微米片,并使用XRD、SEM、TEM和HRTEM等测试手段对其进行了表征.此外,在室温到400℃范围内测试了三种形貌样品的电导率随温度的变化曲线,研究表明,在相同的测试条件下,由Cu7Te4纳米带制备的块体材料的电导率显著高于另外两种形貌样品.最后,对反应机理和三种溶剂环境对产物形貌的影响进行了探讨.     

CuO/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备和性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为生长调节剂用一步水热法合成了纳米CuO/ZnO复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、荧光光谱仪(FL)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)等手段对其表征,在紫外光照射下研究了不同CuO配比的复合光催化剂对目标降解物甲基橙的光催化效果和循环稳定性。结果表明,CuO/ZnO复合光催化剂主要由CuO纳米颗粒和ZnO纳米片组成;引入适量的CuO可调节ZnO的光吸收性能,提高紫外光催化效率;过量(?7%)的CuO抑制ZnO的紫外光催化效率;CuO/ZnO在光催化过程中具有良好的稳定性。     

石墨烯-ZnIn2S4纳米复合微球的制备及光催化产氢活性

采用光催化还原法制备了石墨烯-ZnIn₂S₄纳米复合微球。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、XPS和DRS等手段对样品进行表征, 结果表明, 经过光催化还原处理后氧化石墨被还原成石墨烯, ZnIn₂S₄纳米微球负载在石墨烯表面。光催化产氢的实验结果表明, 当石墨烯含量为2.0wt%、光催化还原时间为24 h时, 石墨烯-ZnIn₂S₄纳米复合微球在模拟太阳光下产氢量达到1540.8 μmol, 是纯ZnIn₂S₄纳米微球的9.8倍。增强光催化性能的原因归结为石墨烯在复合光催化剂中起到了电子快速传输作用, 同时还对纳米复合微球光催化产氢反应机理进行了分析讨论。     

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of High‐Quality Cu7S4 Nanocrystals for Efficient Light‐Induced Water Evaporation

Copper sulfides (Cu_2–xS), are a novel kind of photothermal material exhibiting significant photothermal conversion efficiency, making them very attractive in various energy conversion related devices. Preparing high quality uniform Cu_2‐xS nanocrystals (NCs) is a top priority for further energy‐and sustainability relevant nanodevices. Here, a shape‐controlled high quality Cu₇S₄ NCs synthesis strategy is reported using sulfur in 1‐octadecene as precursor by varying the heating temperature, as well as its forming mechanism. The performance of the Cu₇S₄ NCs is further explored for light‐driven water evaporation without the need of heating the bulk liquid to the boiling point, and the results suggest that as‐synthesized highly monodisperse NCs perform higher evaporation rate than polydisperse NCs under the identical morphology. Furthermore, disk‐like NCs exhibit higher water evaporation rate than spherical NCs. The water evaporation rate can be further enhanced by assembling the organic phase Cu₇S₄ NCs into a dense film on the aqueous solution surface. The maximum photothermal conversion efficiency is as high as 77.1%.