激光熔覆NiCr/Cr_3C_2-WS_2自润滑耐磨涂层的高温摩擦学行为EI北大核心CSCD

利用激光熔覆技术在0Cr18Ni9不锈钢基体上制备NiCr/Cr3C2耐磨涂层与NiCr/Cr3C2-30%WS2耐磨自润滑涂层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层的物相组成及显微组织。在室温、300℃和600℃下分别测试了上述涂层的干滑动摩擦学性能,并讨论其磨损机理。实验结果表明:添加WS2的熔覆涂层主要有Cr7C3、(Cr,W)C碳化物增强相、γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr7C3共晶增韧相、WS2及CrS润滑相。两种涂层都随温度的升高,摩擦因数降低,而磨损率增大。在室温及300℃时,添加WS2涂层由于润滑相的作用拥有较好的减摩耐磨性能。在600℃时,由于涂层中碳化物硬质相的强度降低,两种涂层的磨损率显著增大。     

激光熔覆NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2自润滑耐磨涂层的高温摩擦学行为

利用激光熔覆技术在0Cr18Ni9不锈钢基体上制备NiCr/Cr3C2耐磨涂层与NiCr/Cr3C2-30%WS2耐磨自润滑涂层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层的物相组成及显微组织。在室温、300℃和600℃下分别测试了上述涂层的干滑动摩擦学性能,并讨论其磨损机理。实验结果表明:添加WS2的熔覆涂层主要有Cr7C3、(Cr,W)C碳化物增强相、γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr7C3共晶增韧相、WS2及CrS润滑相。两种涂层都随温度的升高,摩擦因数降低,而磨损率增大。在室温及300℃时,添加WS2涂层由于润滑相的作用拥有较好的减摩耐磨性能。在600℃时,由于涂层中碳化物硬质相的强度降低,两种涂层的磨损率显著增大。     

304不锈钢激光熔覆搭接率对CoCrW涂层组织与耐磨及耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用光纤激光器在304不锈钢表面制备CoCrW合金熔覆涂层,改善其表面耐磨损及耐蚀性能.使用OM、SEM、XRD、EDS、显微硬度计、MMG-500三体磨损试验机和CS310电化学工作站分析不同搭接率对涂层组织、硬度、耐磨及耐蚀性能的影响,并寻求合适的搭接率,以期获得性能较优的激光熔覆涂层.研究结果表明:30％搭接率下的涂层无明显缺陷,从顶部到底部依次是等轴晶、柱状晶、平面晶,这些晶体主要由fcc结构的γ-Co相形成的晶核以及部分Cr7C3、(Co,Cr)23 C6等相形成的晶界组成.因此适宜搭接率为30％,该参数下涂层显微硬度达到450HV,约为基体显微硬度(210HV)的2.1倍;涂层磨损量为12.71 mg,约为基体(63.06 mg)的20％;涂层平均摩擦系数约为0.4,是基体平均摩擦系数(0.65)的60％;涂层自腐蚀电位为-889 mV,基体自腐蚀电位为-998 mV;涂层自腐蚀电流密度为5.7μA/cm2,约为基体自腐蚀电流密度(38.9μA/cm2)的14％.合适的涂层材料及激光熔覆工艺参数可使304不锈钢涂层腐蚀倾向更小,使显微硬度、耐磨损性能及耐蚀性显著提高.     

304不锈钢激光原位合成自润滑涂层的宽温域摩擦学性能

由于304不锈钢在中、高温下摩擦学性能较差,制约了其在重要摩擦运动副零部件上的应用。为改善304不锈钢的摩擦学性能,以Ni60粉末为增韧相,WS2为合成润滑相的前驱化合物,TiC为高硬度耐磨相,采用高能激光束在其表面原位合成自润滑耐磨复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机和探针式材料表面磨痕测量仪表征涂层和基体的物相、微观结构、显微硬度与表面形貌,并系统研究涂层和基体在20,300,600,800℃下的摩擦学性能及其磨损机理。结果表明:涂层主要由Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11,Ti2SC,Fe2C,Cr7C3,CrS和WS2组成;涂层的平均显微硬度(302.0HV0.5)略高于基体(257.2HV0.5),但涂层上部区域的硬度(425.4HV0.5)约为基体的1.65倍;涂层在所有等温摩擦学实验中摩擦因数和磨损率均低于基体,300℃时涂层润滑效果最好,摩擦因数为0.3031,600℃时涂层耐磨效果最好,磨损率为9.699×10^-5 mm^3·N^-1·m^-1。     

激光熔覆生物陶瓷复合涂层

介绍在奥氏体型不锈钢基材上预置涂覆具有一定梯度的生物陶瓷粉末（ＨＡＰ或ＣａＨＰＯ４．２Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＣａＣＯ３）的激光熔覆，经ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＳ，ＸＲＤ分析表明，低输出功率，高扫描速率是获得激光生物陶瓷涂层的主要控制因素，预置涂覆ＣａＣＯ３与ＣａＨ（ＰＯ４）．２Ｈ２Ｏ混合粉末涂层，在于大常规方法合成ＨＡＰ所需比例下，可激光合成含Ｃａ５（ＰＯ４）３（ＯＨ）等生物活性陶瓷的复合涂层，且存在一定量非晶态的自由表面     

基于激光熔覆SiC/Ni复合涂层的耐磨性EI北大核心CSCD

采用预置粉末法,在Q235钢表面进行激光熔覆镍基SiC陶瓷涂层的实验研究。使用往复式磨损试验机对不同涂层材料的熔覆层进行干摩擦磨损实验,利用金相显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)观察和分析熔覆层的显微组织与磨损形貌。结果表明:在重载干滑动摩擦条件下,Ni基SiC复合涂层耐磨性得到显著提高;当复合粉末SiC含量为25%(质量分数)时,熔覆层耐磨性最佳;熔覆层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,同时伴有黏着磨损特征,且随着SiC含量的增加,黏着磨损的特征愈加明显。     

工艺参数对304不锈钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层的组织、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性的影响

研究了不同工艺参数对304不锈钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金后熔覆层微观组织及硬度、耐磨、耐蚀性能的影响,并寻求最佳激光工艺参数,以期获得冶金结合较好,耐磨、耐蚀性能良好的熔覆层。根据组织与性能的综合分析可知,最优激光工艺参数为激光功率2.5kW、扫描速度4mm/s、送粉速率300mg/s。利用优化工艺参数熔覆后的熔覆层宏观形貌平整、光滑,熔覆层宽度为14.36mm,高度为1.612mm,熔池深度为0.248mm,稀释率为13.33,硬度较高,平均显微硬度为646.4HV,并且耐磨损性能较好,磨损量较低。此外,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能也较好,自腐蚀电位为-286.77mV。在一定的激光工艺参数下,组织从结合区至熔覆层表层依次为平面晶、胞状晶、柱状晶、树枝晶、等轴晶。激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率不同,熔覆层中组织粗细变化呈现一定的规律性:随着激光功率的增大,组织由细小逐渐变的粗大;随着扫描速度的增大,组织先变细小,然后变粗大;随着送粉速率的增大,组织逐渐变细小。合金的耐磨性与耐蚀性不仅与组织大小有关,而且与组织物相组成密切相关。     

Ti6Al4V合金激光原位合成自润滑复合涂层高温摩擦学性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的高温摩擦学性能,采用激光熔覆技术在其表面原位合成多相混杂金属基高温自润滑耐磨复合涂层,熔覆粉末的成分为Ni60-16.8%TiC-23.2%WS_2(质量分数,下同),系统地研究复合涂层的显微组织、物相结构及其在20,300,600,800℃下的摩擦学性能和相关磨损机理。结果表明:复合涂层的显微硬度(701.88HV_0.5)约为基体(350 HV_0.5)的2倍;由于原位合成固体润滑相(Ti_2SC/TiS/NiS/TiO/TiO_2/NiCr_2O_4/Cr_2O_3)和硬质相(W,Ti)C_1-x/TiC/Cr_7C_3的协同作用,复合涂层的耐磨减摩性能明显优于基体。随着温度升高,涂层和基体的摩擦因数和磨损率均呈下降趋势,在800℃时复合涂层和基体的摩擦因数分别为0.32和0.43,磨损率分别为1.80×10^-4,2.92×10^-5mm/Nm。在800℃下塑性变形、分层和氧化磨损为基体主要磨损机理,复合涂层以氧化磨损和轻微的黏着磨损为主。     

激光熔覆制备纳米陶瓷/金属复合涂层熔覆材料的研究现状

综述了目前国内外激光熔覆制备金属/陶瓷纳米复合涂层所采用的主要熔覆材料体系及存在的主要问题,指出激光熔覆材料是决定熔覆层工艺性能和应用性能优劣的重要因素;给出了激光熔覆制备金属/陶瓷纳米复合涂层用材料的设计应遵循的一般原则。     

激光熔覆涂层的研究进展

激光熔覆层具有许多优点,未来具有良好的应用前景.为此,从普通涂层、复合涂层以及非晶化涂层等方面,综述了激光熔覆涂层的研究进展.结合目前熔覆涂层存在的质量问题,指出了未来激光熔覆涂层研究的主要方向.     

Microstructure and tribological properties of in situ synthesized TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coatings on titanium by laser cladding and laser nitriding

TiN reinforced Ti₃Al intermetallic matrix composite (TiN/Ti₃Al IMC) coatings were in situ synthesized on a pure Ti substrate with Ti + Al mixed powders in nitrogen atmosphere by laser cladding and laser nitriding. It was found that the growth morphologies of the TiN reinforced phase in the TiN/Ti₃Al IMC coatings were granular-like, flake-like, and undeveloped dendrites at lower N₂ flow rate; and granular-like, undeveloped and developed dendrites at higher N₂ flow rate. In addition, the volume fraction of the TiN phase increased with increasing nitrogen flow rate. The hardness of the TiN/Ti₃Al IMC coatings was higher than that of the Ti₃Al coating, which increased with increasing volume fraction of the TiN phase. Friction and wear tests revealed that the wear resistance of TiN/Ti₃Al IMC coatings was superior to those of pure Ti and Ti₃Al coating. It is well worth noting that the TiN/Ti₃Al IMC coatings showed excellent wear resistance under lower normal loads.     

激光熔覆Al-Ni-TiC-CeO2复合涂层的组织与耐腐蚀磨损性能

采用激光熔覆技术在S355海洋钢表面制备Al-Ni-TiC-CeO2熔覆涂层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计等手段分析其表面-界面形貌、化学元素分布、物相组成及显微硬度,并研究其在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀磨损与应力腐蚀开裂(stress corrosion cracking,SCC)等性能。结果表明:熔覆涂层主要由增强相TiC和连续相AlNi3,AlFe3组成,表面较为平整,无明显裂纹,稀释率为5%。涂层表面显微硬度达到809.3HV0.2,为基体的2.3倍。基体中交互作用主要以腐蚀加速磨损为主,而涂层中交互作用则以磨损加速腐蚀为主。基体材料与涂层的SCC敏感性分别为35.01%和17.69%,表明涂层能够明显抑制应力腐蚀开裂。     

Influence of Ti3SiC2 content on tribological properties of NiAl matrix self-lubricating composites

NiAl matrix self-lubricating composites (NMCs) with various contents of Ti₃SiC₂ were fabricated by in situ technique using spark plasma sintering. The effects of Ti₃SiC₂ content on tribological properties of NMC were investigated. The results showed that NMC were composed of the matrix phase of NiAl alloy, enhanced phase of TiC and lubricating phases of Ti₃SiC₂ and C. NMC with 10 wt.% Ti₃SiC₂ exhibited low friction coefficient of 0.60 and wear rate of 5.45 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ (N m)⁻¹ at the condition of 10 N–0.234 m/s at room temperature. The optimum content of Ti₃SiC₂ was 10 wt.%. The excellent tribological performance of NMC could be attributed to the balance between strength and lubricity, as well as synergetic effect of enhanced phase and lubricating phases. The wear mechanisms changed with the increasing of the doped content of Ti₃SiC₂.     

Effects of aging treatment on microstructure and tribological properties of nickel-based high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coatings by laser cladding

The NiCr/Cr₃C₂–WS₂ high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coatings were fabricated on substrate of a hot-rolled AISI304 austenitic stainless steel by laser cladding. The high-temperature phase stability of the composite coatings was evaluated by aging at 600 °C for 10 h, 30 h, 50 h, and the microstructures of the as-laser clad and aged coatings were examined by means of XRD, SEM, EDS, respectively. The sliding wear resistance of the as-laser clad and aged coatings was evaluated at 600 °C. The results show that NiCr/Cr₃C₂–WS₂ composite coating has excellent high-temperature phase stability, the γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr₇C₃ eutectic phases, Cr₇C₃ and (Cr,W)C hard phases, CrS/WS₂ mixed solid lubricant phases all existed in the as-laser clad and aged coatings. The volume fraction of eutectic phases decreased gradually with the increasing of aged time due to their dissolution. The microhardness of the aged coating decreased slightly after aging the coating 50 h at 600 °C due to the dissolution of the eutectic phases and notable breaking or granulation of the Cr₇C₃ hard phase, but the tribological properties were not significantly affected by aging treatment.     

Mechanical and tribological properties of Hadfield steel coatings manufactured by laser processing

For a lot of applications in the mechanical industry, materials combining both attractive mechanical properties and enhanced wear resistance are required. Usually such a combination is achieved only by performing surface treatments, especially by manufacturing coatings with the appropriate composition and microstructure. Laser cladding is an innovative and attractive manufacturing route. Ceramic or metal-matrix composites are possible candidates in some circumstances. However their low plastic deformation ability limits their use. The present works reports on metallic coatings (Fe-Mn-C steels, known as Hadfield steels). They are obtained by laser cladding (direct injection of powder into the laser beam) and then characterised by metallurgical, tribological and mechanical analysis. Directly after manufacturing, Hadfield steel coatings are sound, metallurgically bonded to the substrate and with an austenitic structure. Their mechanical features are fairly good: hardness HV = 350, Young modulus: E = 210 GPa, yield strength: _E = 1200 MPa. However, the most attractive features are as follows:--they are very ductile: relative deformations higher than 80% are achieved without ntermediate annealing and without deleterious damages. This deformation yields to a large work-hardening phenomenon, since hardness values higher than 800 HV are measured.--wear observed during fretting tests is limited and delayed, whatever the nature of the regime: elastic or plastic.A metallurgical analysis indicates that this behaviour is due to a twinning phenomenon, at least in a particular deformation range     

Microstructure characteristics of Ni-based WC composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding

To avoid low cladding rate and cracks of cladding layer, laser induction hybrid rapid cladding (LIHRC) has been put forward in the paper. The microstructure characteristics of Ni-based WC composite coatings at the different laser scanning speed were investigated. For low laser scanning speed, the growth of γ-nickel was characterized by coarse columnar dendrites and eutectics, blocky W₂C + Fe₃W₃C carbides, and bar-like (W, Cr, Ni)₂₃C₆ carbides were formed. With increasing laser scanning speed, the growth of γ-nickel presented the fine dendrites and eutectics, the only blocky mixed carbides were precipitated and identified as W₂C + FeW₃C + W₆C_2.54 carbides. With further increasing laser scanning speed, the growth of γ-nickel was characterized by cellular crystals and eutectics, the only blocky carbides were identified as W₂C + W₆C_2.54. Moreover, experimental results showed that the efficiency of LIHRC was increased much four times higher than that of laser cladding without preheating, ceramic–metal composite coatings detected were free of cracks and had a good metallurgical bonding with substrate.     

Bias effects on the tribological behavior of cathodic arc evaporated CrTiAlN coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel

In this study, CrTiAlN coatings were deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel by cathodic arc evaporation under a systematic variation of the substrate bias voltage. The coating morphology and properties including surface roughness, adhesion, hardness/elastic modulus (H/E) ratio, and friction behavior were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the substrate bias voltage on the coating microstructure and properties. The results suggest that for an optimized value of the substrate bias voltage, i.e. − 150 V, the CrTiAlN coatings showed increased Cr content and improved properties, such as higher adhesion strength, hardness, and elastic modulus in comparison to the coatings deposited by other substrate bias voltage. Moreover, the optimum coatings achieved a remarkable reduction in the steel friction coefficient from 0.65 to 0.45.     

陶瓷基高温自润滑复合涂层的制备及摩擦学性能研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

摩擦磨损大多数情况下不利于机械设备,我国作为机械制造大国,降低摩擦磨损对工业进步及可持续发展有重大意义。陶瓷基高温自润滑复合涂层作为工业应用中常见体系之一,主要以硬质陶瓷为基体,并掺杂润滑材料作为第二相组成,使其一方面继承陶瓷相优异的高温稳定性及强度,另一方面提高在常见摩擦环境下的润滑性能,因此被广泛应用于船舶、航空航天、生物科技、高速列车等领域,受到研究人员的广泛关注与探索。本文以陶瓷基高温自润滑复合涂层为中心,首先阐述复合涂层及固体润滑材料的基本分类;其次综述不同制备方法的最新研究进展,重点关注工艺参数对制备陶瓷基高温自润滑涂层性能的影响及改善方法;然后归纳改善陶瓷基高温自润滑复合涂层表面摩擦学性能的关键因素,探讨了提升减摩耐磨性能的可行性和研究潜力;最后总结目前陶瓷基高温自润滑复合涂层存在的问题,主要有以下2点:(1)对复合涂层的物相分析仍以解释现象为主,没有完整的理论基础;(2)对不同制备工艺下复合涂层结构和摩擦学性能的改善手段较单一。因此提出相应的解决办法以及未来可能的发展方向:(1)研究陶瓷基体和不同润滑相、附加组元、高温环境的协同作用机理,建立系统的理论基础;(2)针对不同制备工艺的成型机理,重点研究工艺参数的协同作用对复合涂层微观结构形成的影响,扩展制备工艺的改善方法。     

Microstructure, chemistry and coating properties of ion-plated TiN on type 304 stainless steel

Characterization of TiN coatings on type 304 stainless steel was carried out using a Zeiss EM 902A energy filtering transmission electron microscope equipped with an electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) detector. TiN thin films were produced by a hollow cathode discharge ion plating coater. It was found by plan-view transmission electron microscopy that the microstructure of the TiN coatings is thickness dependent. The grain size of TiN ranges from 88 nm at the coating surface down to 9 nm near the TiN/steel interface. In addition, the TiN surface layer shows some degree of texture, but the subsurface and internal TiN layers are mainly equiaxial and randomly oriented. Chemical analysis by EELS shows that the relative oxygen content increases linearly from the TiN surface to the TiN/steel interface, whereas the relative nitrogen content first decreases slowly and then drops rapidly near the interface. The presence of a Ti₂N phase and the deficiency of nitrogen near the TiN/steel interface suggest that the early-deposited TiN is nonstoichiometric. By the periodic cracking method, the ultimate shear stress at the TiN/steel interface and the residual stress in the TiN thin film were estimated to be 2.2 GPa and 12.8 GPa, respectively.