批制辐射加工用辐射变色薄膜剂量性能研究

以尼龙为基材、副品红氰化物为染料制备了辐射变色薄膜剂量计,并在⁶⁰Co γ射线及10 MeV电子束参考辐射场中对辐射变色薄膜的各剂量学响应性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,在1~210 kGy剂量范围内,该辐射变色薄膜剂量计具有较好的剂量响应线性,且在本实验范围内未发现明显的能量和剂量率依赖性;该剂量计重复性好于1.0%,照射后置于低温条件下贮存2周内信号较稳定;在1~210 kGy剂量线性范围内得到的辐射变色薄膜剂量计测量吸收剂量的扩展不确定度对⁶⁰Co γ射线为4.4%（k=2）,对电子束为6.2%（k=2）。通过在加速器上进一步的实验表明,该辐射变色薄膜除可用于辐射加工中剂量监测外,还可用于电子束辐照参数的测量。     

以PVB为基材的低剂量辐射变色薄膜剂量计研究

研制了一种具有低剂量响应特征的辐射变色薄膜,剂量范围从几十至若干个千戈瑞。选用隐色孔雀绿(LMG)为染料,以聚乙烯缩丁醛(polyvinyl butyral,PVB)为基材制备辐射变色薄膜剂量计,该剂量计经几百Gy剂量辐照后颜色从无色变成深绿色,利用钴源对该种辐射变色薄膜剂量计的剂量学性能进行了研究,结果表明,该剂量计具有较好的剂量响应线性特性和较大的剂量响应范围(20~6 500Gy),可用于血液辐照、食品辐照和环境辐射监测等更多领域。     

二醋酸纤维素薄膜剂量计的制备和性能研究

为了改善醋酸纤维素薄膜剂量计在γ辐射剂量测定中稳定性欠佳的问题,拓展其辐射测量应用范围,采用离子液体均相乙酰化纤维素方法制得的二醋酸纤维素（CDA）粉末为原料,优化CDA薄膜制备工艺,研究其γ辐射变色性能及稳定性,制备适用于γ辐射剂量测量且性能优良的CDA薄膜剂量计。基于CDA的辐射变色机理,该薄膜剂量计在270 nm的单位厚度吸光度与吸收剂量存在良好的线性关系,剂量率、CDA的取代度和辐照气氛对薄膜的工作曲线影响较小。CDA薄膜剂量计的剂量检测量程为50~400 kGy,扩展不确定度为8.8%（K=2）,辐照后24 h内吸光度测试稳定,具有良好的辐照稳定性,基本满足工业上对于辐射剂量计的使用要求,有望应用于γ辐射剂量的测量。     

二醋酸纤维素薄膜剂量计的制备和性能研究

为了改善醋酸纤维素薄膜剂量计在γ辐射剂量测定中稳定性欠佳的问题,拓展其辐射测量应用范围,采用离子液体均相乙酰化纤维素方法制得的二醋酸纤维素(CDA)粉末为原料,优化CDA薄膜制备工艺,研究其γ辐射变色性能及稳定性,制备适用于γ辐射剂量测量且性能优良的CDA薄膜剂量计。基于CDA的辐射变色机理,该薄膜剂量计在270 nm的单位厚度吸光度与吸收剂量存在良好的线性关系,剂量率、CDA的取代度和辐照气氛对薄膜的工作曲线影响较小。CDA薄膜剂量计的剂量检测量程为50～400 kGy,扩展不确定度为8.8%(K=2),辐照后24 h内吸光度测试稳定,具有良好的辐照稳定性,基本满足工业上对于辐射剂量计的使用要求,有望应用于γ辐射剂量的测量。     

批制辐射变色薄膜剂量计的研究

叙述了以尼龙为基材、六羟基乙基副品红氰化物(HPR-CN)为染料的辐射变色薄膜剂量计的配方研究及其剂量学性能测试结果。研制的、可批量生产的辐射变色薄膜剂量计具有较好的剂量学性能。剂量计厚度约60μm,剂量计尺寸可根据需要进行裁剪,它尤其适用于低能电子束吸收剂量、电子加速器场分布以及深度剂量分布的测定,并可被广泛地用于辐射加工中的中、高水平剂量测量和能量测量中。对自制的、批量生产的辐射变色薄膜剂量计的性能与美国远西技术公司生产的FWT-60辐射变色薄膜剂量计的性能进行了比较。     

辐射加工标签剂量计的初步研究

为了有效监测⁶⁰Co γ射线及电子束参考辐射场中被照产品所受的吸收剂量,本工作研制了一种标签剂量计,用于辐射加工中吸收剂量的快速、简单测量。标签剂量计具有多层复合结构,核心部分是一层辐射变色薄膜,主要成分为聚乙烯醇、酸敏染料和卤素化合物。对该辐射变色薄膜剂量计的剂量学性能进行了分析研究,结果表明,该薄膜剂量计可以满足日常辐照监测的需要。     

辐射加工用辐射变色薄膜热处理研究

正建立了辐射加工级辐射变色薄膜剂量计,包含FJL-02和FJL-03两种型号,吸收剂量测量范围为0.05～210kGy,该辐射变色薄膜剂量计已实现批量化生产。在剂量计稳定性研究中发现,当辐照剂量较大时,辐射变色薄膜剂量计色彩中心形成至稳定的时间较长,一般为几小时甚至更长。为使辐射变色薄膜剂量计更好地应用于辐射加工生产中,提高工作效率,实验室采用适当的热处理方法实现快速获取实验数据的目的,辐照后热处理     

辐射变色薄膜剂量计的研制

以尼龙为基材、六羟基乙基副品红氰化物（hexahydroxyethylpararosanilinecyanide,HPR-CN）为染料研制辐射变色薄膜剂量计。文章描述了该剂量计的工作原理、配方、物理性能及其剂量学性能测试结果。实验测试表明,自制的辐射变色薄膜剂量计具有较好的剂量学性能。文章对自制的辐射变色薄膜剂量计的性能与FWT-60辐射变色薄膜剂量计的性能进行了比较。     

灵敏辐射变色薄膜γ射线辐照研究

研制一种在低剂量射线辐照下能产生明显颜色变化的灵敏辐射变色薄膜,经γ射线辐照后,由粉红色变为蓝色,在5-50 Gy辐照剂量内,其主吸收峰的吸光度与吸收剂量成良好线性关系.该薄膜体系中的协同剂有明显增敏效果,调整协同剂浓度来调节变色膜的响应区间及响应灵敏度.此辐射变色薄膜有良好的批内均匀性(与平均值偏差<3%)和较好的批间均匀性(与平均值偏差<5%),可作为辐射变色薄膜剂量计探测γ射线吸收剂量.     

FJL—01型三醋酸纤维素薄膜剂量计剂量学性能研究

研究了ＦＪＬ－０１型三醋酸纤维素薄膜剂量计的剂量学性能，并与国外同类产品作了比较。对于电子束辐照，ＦＪＬ－０１剂量计具有良好的剂量响应线性，Ｋ值稳定；剂量计量程为１０－３００ｋＧｙ；测量吸收剂量的总不确定度为８％（ｋ＝２）。     

Advantages of Using a PMOS FET Dosimeter in High-Dose Radiation Effects Testing

In this paper data are presented that show the response, i.e., shift in threshold voltage, ? VT, as a function of dose, D, up to a megarad for radiation-soft PMOS transistors employed as dosimeters. The relationship between ? VT and D was determined with a calibrated Co-60 gamma-ray source. The PMOS dosimeters were operated with the threshold voltage continuously indicating, i.e., the VT mode. The Co-60 results are compared to data obtained with 10-MeV electrons from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Linac. The linac data were taken at different dose rates, and they do not show an obvious dose rate dependence. Also, the Co-60 and linac data overlap well within the expected experimental uncertainties. The use of the PMOS dosimeter operating in the VT mode for high total dose measurements is compared briefly to other systems that can be employed in performing such measurements. Specifically, the PMOS dosimeter usage is compared to that of Ca F2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and commercially available radiachromic nylon film dosimeters. These latter two dosimeter systems, and especially the TLDs, are frequently employed in radiation testing because of their ease of use. Other dosimeter systems, such as the p-i-n diode, are not considered since they are more difficult to use than the systems being compared. The significance of the present work lies in the fact that it demonstrates how important the PMOS dosimeter can be in the high-dose testing of microelectronic devices.     

Mycosis Fungoides electron beam absorbed dose distribution using Fricke xylenol gel dosimetry

Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation to destroy tumor cells. The absorbed dose control in the target volume is realized through radiation sensors, such as Fricke dosimeters and radiochromic film, which permit to realize bi-dimensional evaluations at once and because of that, they will be used in this study as well. Among the several types of cancer suitable for ionizing radiation treatment, the Mycosis Fungoides, a lymphoma that spreads on the skin surface and depth, requires for its treatment total body irradiation by high-energy electrons. In this work the Fricke xylenol gel (FXG) was used in order to obtain information about the absorbed dose distribution induced by the electron interactions with the irradiated tissues and to control this type of treatment. FXG can be considered as an alternative dosimeter, since up to now only films have been used. FXG sample cuvettes, simulating two selected tomos (cranium and abdomen) of the Rando anthropomorphic phantom, were positioned along with radiochromic films for comparison. The phantom was subjected to Stanford total body irradiation using 6 MeV electrons. Tomographic images were acquired for both dosimeters and evaluated through horizontal and vertical profiles along the tomographic centers. These profiles were obtained through a Matlab routine developed for this purpose. From the obtained results, one could infer that, for a superficial and internal patient irradiation, the FXG dosimeter showed an absorbed dose distribution similar to the one of the film. These results can validate the FXG dosimeter as an alternative dosimeter for the Mycosis Fungoides treatment planning.     

可作为校准检定用标准剂量计的能量补偿型高气压电离室改进

在电离辐射计量检定工作中,标准剂量计的测量结果通过检定逐级传递到工作计量器具,以实现单位统一和量值准确可靠。由于环境水平γ射线剂量率较低,国际上常用的PTW-UNIDOS系列标准剂量计无法满足需要。针对这一特点,结合蒙特卡罗方法对高气压电离室的X射线、γ射线和宇宙射线响应特性进行模拟计算,进行了能量补偿型高气压电离室改进。测试结果表明:剂量率约30 μGy/h时,能量补偿型高气压电离室在87 keV～1.25 MeV能量范围内相对于¹³⁷Cs γ射线的响应偏差不大于6%,宇宙射线和¹³⁷Cs γ射线的响应偏差不大于10%,在0.5 μGy/h～1 mGy/h范围内相对固有误差为-3%,0.5 μGy/h时的重复性为0.7%,校准因子的不确定度为4%(k=2),可作为环境水平标准剂量计在校准检定工作中使用。