28例胃癌穿孔Ⅰ期根治切除报告

[目的]探讨胃癌穿孔I期根治切除的价值。[方法]1990年1月至2000年1月收胃癌穿孔患者28例，行I期胃癌根治术，姑息性胃大部切除术，穿孔修补术。比较各术式的平均生存时间。[结果]I期胃癌根治术、姑息性胃切除术、穿孔修补术平均生存时间分别为19个月，11个月和2个月。[结论]胃癌穿孔者行I期根治切除可取得良好疗效。     

结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗体会

[目的]探讨结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗效果及对临床生存时间的影响。[方法]回顾性分析1998年1月至2007年1月结直肠癌肝转移患者行外科手术治疗22例的资料。[结果]术后随访存活1年者19例，存活3年者9例，存活5年及以上者5例。10例同期行肝切除者平均生存期26个月，7例分期行肝切除者平均生存期30个月。术后发生并发症3例，无手术死亡。[结论]掌握外科手术时机和适应证，积极行肝切除术并创造条件提高手术切除成功率，是提高结直肠癌肝转移患者存活率的关键。     

大肠癌癌性穿孔的诊断及治疗(附25例临床分析)

目的探讨大肠癌癌性穿孔的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾分析研究25例癌性穿孔临床资料。穿孔后出现急性弥漫性腹膜炎者17例,局部脓肿6例,结肠内瘘2例。13例行肿瘤切除术,8例行造口术,3例行捷径手术。结果25例中误诊为阑尾炎穿孔腹膜炎4例,阑尾周围脓肿3例,肠梗阻2例。13例肿瘤切除术后存活1年以上者9例,2年以上者6例,3年以上者3例,仅行结肠造口术或捷径手术者,术后存活期平均6个月。结论正确诊断及切除肿瘤是提高本病疗效的关键。     

经内镜肠梗阻导管治疗左半结直肠癌梗阻的临床应用

目的:探讨电子结肠镜引导下肠梗阻导管减压术治疗急性左半结直肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法:收集2006-06-2010-08我院57例肠梗阻患者分为试验组(33例)和对照组(24例);对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在电子结肠镜引导下置入肠梗阻导管减压4～5d,再行手术治疗。比较分析两组手术方式及并发症的差异。结果:试验组2例置管失败,32例获得肿瘤切除,肠管Ⅰ期吻合,1例单纯结肠造瘘。对照组20例行肿瘤切除,术中结肠灌洗Ⅰ期吻合,术后刀口感染6例,感染发生率为25%(6/24);4例行肿瘤切除,近段结肠造瘘,3个月后行Ⅱ期吻合。结论:结肠镜引导下肠梗阻导管减压术治疗急性左半结直肠恶性梗阻安全且有效。     

结肠癌并急性结肠梗阻的治疗（附119例报告）

目的 探讨结肠癌并发急性结肠梗阻治疗的有关问题。方法 回顾性分析119例结肠癌并发急性结肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果 119例结肠癌并发性结肠梗阻肿瘤I期切除81例（68％），其中I期吻合50例（61．7％），近期痊愈78例（96．3％），死亡3例（3．7％），吻合口瘘3例（6％）；I期造瘘12例，其中Ⅱ期切除肿瘤5例（41．8％），死亡2例（16．8％），永久性造瘘16例，径术6例，好转16例（72．7％），死亡6例（27．3％）。结论 I期切除吻合术是治疗结肠癌并急性结肠梗阻的理想的可行的手术方式。术中肠道减压和清洁灌洗能够提高肿瘤I期切除吻合率。围手术期的合理治疗是降低其病死率，减少并发症，提高病人术后生存期的关键因素。     

高龄结直肠癌患者急性左半结肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨高龄结直肠癌致急性左半结肠梗阻患者的外科治疗方法。方法 对31例75岁以上的结直肠癌致急性左半结肠梗阻患者的急诊外科治疗资料进行回顾性分析。结果 31例行急诊手术治疗,其中采用Mile‘s术2例,Ⅰ期切除吻合术4例,Ⅱ期切除吻合术2例,Hartmman术23例,23例中有19例于首次术后2－3周内安全施行造口回纳术,4例自愿永久造口,无手术死亡病例。结论 （1）高龄不是急诊手术的危险因素。积极的围手术期治疗可以降低并发症的发生率。（2）在急诊手术中,主要目的是切除肿瘤、解除梗阻。根治性切除不是努力追求的目标。（3）Hartmman术式较其它常用术式更适合于高龄急性左半结肠癌性梗阻患者的病理生理要求。     

结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻手术方式的选择

目的探讨结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法.方法分析1992年1月～2002年12月收治的108例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗情况.结果Ⅰ期切除吻合59例,切除肿瘤、双结肠造口6例,Hartmann手术20例,单纯结肠造口18例,肠捷径手术5例.全组切口感染8例(7.4%),肺部感染6例(5.5%),术后死亡2例(1.9%).无吻合口瘘发生.结论结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的手术方式应首选Ⅰ期切除吻合,对不宜Ⅰ期吻合者可采用双结肠造口或Hartmann手术以策安全.     

4例食管癌穿孔的外科治疗

[目的]探讨食管癌穿孔患者手术治疗的疗效。[方法]4例患者均行食管癌切除并纵隔穿孔区域周围组织切除。[结果]4例手术成功，近期疗效满意，生存期均在6个月以上。[结论]手术治疗食管癌穿孔效果较为明显，优于一般保守治疗。     

老年人胃癌穿孔（附39例报告）

本文报告，我院１９７６～１９９３年期间收治老年人胃癌急性穿孔３９例，大都于发病后２４小时内就诊。均为急诊手术，除８例行胃大部切除外，余均行胃癌穿孔修补术或修补加捷径手术，出院后随访２５例，行胃切除７例，平均生存３９月；示经胃大部切除１８例，平均生存１２个月。我们认为，胃癌穿孔者，如病情允许下，最好选择胃癌根治性或姑息性切除术，本组一例，切除后存活７年。也可在修补后选择Ⅱ期手术，本组２例，分别于术后一个月、三个月后行Ⅱ期手术，前者行上半胃切除，后者行全胃切除，分别存活３年、２年。     

50例结、直肠癌并肠梗阻一期切除吻合的治疗体会

目的：探讨结、直肠癌并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果。方法：回顾性分析我院和西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院1997年5月-2007年5月共50例结、直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合的临床资料。结果：术后肺部感染6例（12．0％），切15感染10例（20．0％），吻合口瘘2例（4．0％），其余均治愈。结论：一期切除吻合手术治疗结、直肠癌并急性肠梗阻是可行的，其关键在于选择适当手术方式，正确的术中操作和恰当的围手术期处理。     

梗阻性大肠癌的急诊处理(附138例分析)

目的　探讨结肠癌急性梗阻的诊断和手术方式选择。方法　回顾分析我院 1986— 2 0 0 0年 13 8例梗阻性结直肠癌病人的临床特点及治疗方法。对梗阻性左半结肠癌 ,术中行顺行结肠灌洗或次全结肠切除 ,Ⅰ期切除吻合术 98例 ( 70 %) ,分期手术 2 2例( 16%) ,Miles及Hartmann术 12例。其他手术 10例。结果　手术死亡率为 8.7%( 12 / 13 8) ,吻合口漏发生率 4.5 %,切口感染率 16.2 %,其余病人恢复顺利。结论　对于梗阻性左半结肠癌 ,术中灌洗Ⅰ期吻合和结肠次全切除都是可供选择的方法 ,但应依据病人全身情况和肿瘤局部条件实施     

122例结直肠癌卵巢转移患者的临床病理特征及预后

目的探讨结直肠癌卵巢转移患者的临床病理特征和预后。方法回顾性分析2010—2015年中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的122例结直肠癌卵巢转移患者的临床病理资料,生存分析采用Kaplan-Maier法,预后影响因素分析采用Log rank检验和Cox比例风险模型。结果122例结直肠癌卵巢转移患者的中位总生存时间(OS)为19.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为72.1%、24.7%和9.9%。122例患者中,行卵巢切除99例(81.1%)。行卵巢切除患者的中位OS(21.9个月)高于未行卵巢切除的患者(10.3个月,P<0.01)。单纯卵巢转移、原发肿瘤切除和卵巢转移灶切除均与患者的总生存有关(均P<0.01);原发肿瘤切除和卵巢转移灶切除为影响患者总生存的独立因素(均P<0.01)。结论结直肠癌卵巢转移患者接受积极的手术治疗,包括原发肿瘤切除术和卵巢转移灶切除术,可能获得生存改善。     

大肠癌伴肝转移患者的预后因素

目的探讨影响大肠癌伴肝转移患者预后的因素.方法1995年5月-1999年12月间本院外科手术治疗的64例大肠癌伴肝转移患者,部分患者全身化疗或肝动脉插管化疗,并对其临床资料进行统计分析.结果本组大肠癌肝转移患者占大肠癌患者10.2%.肝转移灶大小、术前CEA水平、原发灶切除、辅助治疗方式为影响生存的独立的预后因素.年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、分化程度、肝转移灶数目与预后无关.肝转移灶＞5cm、术前CEA＞100μg/ml、原发灶未切除的患者的生存时间(3.52月)显著低于其他患者(21.60月).结论治疗方式对肠癌肝转移患者预后影响显著,应积极切除原发灶、治疗转移灶.肝动脉插管化疗优于全身化疗.肝转移灶大小、术前CEA水平是重要的预后指标.     

Endoscopic follow-up in resected colorectal cancer patients

Patients resected for colorectal cancer are at risk for anastomotic recurrence, for adenomatous polyps and for metachronous cancer. The present retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of neoplasms of the colon, both metachronous or recurrent, in 322 patients. They were observed and resected for colorectal cancer between 1970 and 1988, with complete staging, and all agreed to be included in a follow-up program (median followup: 105 months). All the patients were submitted to colonoscopy once yearly for the first 5 years and then every 2 years. Anastomotic recurrence was observed in 22 of the 253 patients who underwent resection for rectal or sigmoid adenocarcinoma (8.7%). Sixteen of these patients were submitted to a second curative resection with a median survival of 35 months; the median survival was 6 months in the 6 patients who could not undergo this operation (p=0.0018). Metachronous adenomas of the residual colon were found in 24 patients and metachronous cancers in 5 at Stage A, according to Dukes' classification. In conclusion, a regular colonoscopic surveillance in patients resected for colorectal cancer is justified for early detection and potential resection of anastomotic recurrences, new primary cancer and adenomatous polyps. In patients resected for rectal or sigmoid carcinoma, a sigmoidoscopy should be performed every 6 months for the first 2 years for the early detection of anastomotic recurrences. In all cases, a colonoscopy should be performed every 5 years after surgery to detect metachronous lesions. Before surgery, a "clean colon" should always be established to detect possible synchronous lesions.     

结直肠癌伴穿孔的诊治体会

目的：探讨有效地预防结、直肠癌伴穿孔的发生及合理治疗结、直肠癌伴穿孔的方法。方法：用X2检验分析742例患者的5年生存率与其中的11例伴穿孔患者的5年生存率（所有病例均随访5年以上）。结果：全部742例结、直肠癌患者的5年生存率为58.6％。11例伴穿孔患者的5年生存率仅为18.2％。4例伴急性穿孔患者中的3例有诱发穿孔的因素。穿孔的部位大多发生在左侧结肠；其病理类型多数为粘液腺癌。结论:结、直肠癌伴穿孔患者的预后很差，在诊治过程中避免医源性的诱发穿孔因素值得重视；特别是结、直肠癌伴不全性梗阻时，要慎重选择检查手段及清洁肠道准备的方法。     

Treatment with bevacizumab and FOLFOXIRI in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: presentation of two novel trials (CHARTA and PERIMAX) and review of the literature

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: More than half of patients with colorectal cancer will develop metastatic disease either evident at the time of initial diagnosis or during their course of disease. Besides multidisciplinary management further treatment intensification is warranted to improve the still limited prognosis. METHODS: In these two multi-centre, randomized phase II trials, conducted in Germany, 380 patients with R0-resectable colorectal liver metastases (PERIMAX) and with unresectable, metastatic colorectal cancer (CHARTA) will be recruited. Patients previously untreated for metastatic disease with either synchronous or metachronous metastases are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to resection of colorectal liver metastases followed by postoperative FOLFOX for 6 months or perioperative FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for 3 months pre- and postoperative and resection (PERIMAX), or to induction chemotherapy with FOLFOX and bevacizumab +/- irinotecan for a maximum of 6 months followed by maintenance treatment with fluoropyrimidine and bevacizumab. The primary objective of these trials is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. Primary endpoint is failure free survival rate at 18 months in the PERIMAX trial and progression free survival rate at 9 months in CHARTA. Secondary objectives include efficacy, safety and tolerability. CONCLUSION: The CHARTA and PERIMAX trials are designed to evaluate the benefits and limitations of a highly active four-drug regimen in distinct treatment situations of metastatic CRC. Eligible patients are classified into resectable liver metastases to be randomized to perioperative treatment with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab or postoperative FOLFOX in the PERIMAX, or unresectable metastatic CRC to be randomized between FOLFOX and bevacizumab with or without irinotecan, stratified for clinical groups according to disease and patients' characteristics in the CHARTA trial. Trial registration: Clinical trial identifier CHARTA: NCT01321957, PERIMAX: NCT01540435.     

198例结直肠癌肝转移患者外科治疗的疗效分析

背景与目的:肝脏是结直肠癌常见的转移部位,35%的患者在确诊时已发生肝转移,肝转移患者的预后较差。尽管手术切除、化疗、射频消融术、介入治疗等手段应用于临床,但治疗效果不同。本研究探讨结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗的临床疗效。方法:对我院5年间经病理检查证实的198例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同进行分组:根治性切除组46例(23.2%)、姑息性切除组43例(21.7%)、手术探查组或最佳支持治疗组29例(14.6%)、肝动脉置泵化疗组41例(20.7%),全身化疗组39例(19.7%);对其生存期进行比较和统计学分析。结果:根治性切除组中位生存期37.1个月,5年生存率为31.2%;姑息性切除组的中位生存期14.3个月,5年生存率为0;肝动脉置泵化疗组的中位生存期21.3个月,5年生存期为7.5%;全身性化疗和探查组或最佳支持治疗组的中位生存期分别为18.7个月、6.3个月,均无5年生存者。根治性切除组与其他组比较,中位生存期有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:根治性切除是提高结直肠癌肝转移患者生存率的重要手段;姑息性切除治疗效果并不优于辅助性治疗,对于不能根治性切除的病例可采用肝动脉置泵化疗。     

Resection of hepatic and pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal cancer.

The resection of liver and lung metastases is now regarded as valid therapy, although the surgical procedure of both metastatic sites has not been clearly defined. Nine consecutive patients who underwent resection of both liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer (5 Dukes' stage B, 3 C, 1 D) between 1986 and 1999 were studied retrospectively. A total of 19 resections were performed: 8 hepatectomies, 2 liver wedge resections, and 9 lung lobectomies. No operative or hospital deaths occurred, and mean postoperative hospital stay per procedure was 12 days. Mean survival after resection of the primary colorectal tumor was 66.3 (range: 26-96) months. The median interval was 24.2 (range: 2-39) months from resection of the liver metastasis and 30.4 (range: 3-45) months from resection of the lung metastasis. At the last follow-up, 6 patients were still alive, 4 of whom were free of recurrence 59, 69, 74, and 76 months, respectively, after resections. Three patients died with metastases. Aggressive treatment of liver and lung secondaries from colorectal cancer was performed without hospital mortality and acceptable morbidity. Longer survival times warrant the use of this alternative therapy for selected patients. In association with new effective chemotherapies, it will be possible to select patients who will benefit from surgery.     

Surgical management of gastric perforation in the setting of gastric cancer

Background

Gastric perforation is a rare presentation of gastric cancer and is thought to be a predictor of advanced disease and, thus, poor prognosis. Guidelines do not exist for the optimal management strategy. We aimed to identify, review, and summarize the literature pertaining to perforation in the setting of gastric cancer.

Methods

A qualitative, systematic review of the literature was performed from January 1, 1985, to January 1, 2010. Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were performed using search terms related to gastric cancer surgery. Abstracts were examined by two independent reviewers and a standardized data collection tool was used to extract relevant data points. Summary tables were created.

Results

Nine articles were included. Perforation was reported to occur in fewer than 5% of gastric cancer patients. Preoperative diagnosis of a gastric cancer was rated and occurred in 14–57% of patients in the papers reviewed. Mortality rates for emergency gastrectomy ranged from 0 to 50% and for simple closure procedures the rates ranged from 8 to 100%. Patients able to receive an R0 gastrectomy demonstrated better long-term survival (median 75 months, 50% 5-year) compared with patients who had simple closure procedures.

Conclusions

Gastric cancer patients presenting with a gastric perforation demonstrate improved overall survival with an R0 resection; however, implementation of this management technique is complicated by infrequent preoperative gastric cancer diagnosis, and inability to perform an oncologic resection due to patient instability and intra-abdominal contamination.

     

结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗原则和Ⅰ期切除吻合的可能性。方法 分析1994－1998年收治的17例结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗情况,并收集同期国内正式发表的40篇有关此病的外科治疗报道,共计1889例,结合文献综合评价其外科治疗方法。结果 全组切口感染124例,占6．6％;肺部感染21例,占1．1％。1889例中,有1598例做切除吻合,发生吻合口瘘50例,占3．1％。手术死亡93例,占4．9％。术后5年生存率：Ⅰ期切除吻合者为26．0％＝48．0％,分期手术者为20．0％－38．0％。结论 结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的处理需根据患者具体情况决定手术方式。Ⅰ期切除吻合有可能获得良好的效果,但必须注意手术技术,术中肠道灌洗、合理应用抗菌素和严格掌握适应证。