哈尔滨市气温的多时间尺度变化特征

分析了近４５年哈尔滨市年平均气温的长期线性倾向,几十年尺度的突变点和更小尺度的时频局部结构,揭示了全国增暖背景下哈尔滨市气温变化的若干特征。     

丽水近50年气温变化规律、突变分析及趋势预测

本文采用1953～2004年丽水观测站气温资料,通过使用线性回归分析、滑动平均、累积距平等方法对近50年的气温进行诊断分析,得出1953年以来丽水的年平均气温总体以0.1185℃/10 a的变化率上升;通过用滑动t-检验、Yamamoto法、Mann-Kendall法等方法大致确定1958年、1997年是年平均气温由冷转为增暖的突变点.在此基础上针对年平均气温序列本身建立了自回归滑动平均模型,模型预报能较好的拟合实况序列,对下一年的趋势预报有一定的应用价值.     

本世纪昆明气温异常及突变的分析

根据昆明１９２１～１９９３年的年,夏季（６～８月）,冬季（１２～２月）平均气温资料,分析研究了昆明的气温变化趋势,冷暖阶段,气温异常发生频率及气温突变点,结果表明：从本世纪２０年代开始,昆明气温呈上升趋势,至４０年代前后达最高,此后下降,７０年代降至最低,８０年代开始略有回升,１９２１～１９５４年为偏暖阶段,１９５５～１９９３年偏冷阶段,昆明高温异常主要出现在１９５０年以前,低温异常大多数出现在１     

榆阳区近62年气温突变分析

利用估计温度变化趋势的线性回归方程及M-K检验方法,对陕西北部榆阳区1951—2012年年、季平均气温和最高(低)气温序列进行诊断分析。结果表明:近62a来榆阳区升温显著,年平均气温线性趋势率0.21℃/10a;榆阳区气温变化有两个特点,一是最低气温升高,二是冬季升温明显高于其它季节;M-K检验表明年平均气温在1993年发生突变,年平均最高气温突变发生远早于年平均最低气温。     

武汉近百年来气温变化的多时间尺度分析

用墨西哥帽小波变换分析了武汉1905－1998年逐月气温资料,揭示了气候变化的多时间尺度结构,分析了其中存在的主要周期振荡和突变点。结果表明：武汉气候在20世纪主要经历了冷－暖－冷－暖4个阶段,目前处于相对暖期;气温存在准2年、21年和65年左右的周期振荡;不同时间尺度不具有不同的冷暖结构和气候突变点。     

近40年郑州冬夏气温突变的诊断分析

采用Mann-Kendall方法,分析了郑州市南郊气象观测站近40年来冬季和夏季气温突变的特点,并进一步分析了其与北郊城市站的温差序列的突变特点,结果表明,冬季和夏季的气温均存在突变,且在20世纪90年代后期冬季气温增温较快。     

六盘水市气温变化特征及突变分析

利用六盘水市1961—2004年的逐月平均气温资料,平均最高、最低气温,采用线性倾向估计对六盘水市年平均气温、年平均最高、最低气温的年际、年代际变化进行统计分析,并利用Mann-Kendall方法进行突变检测,结果表明:六盘水市年平均气温、年平均最高、最低气温均呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率分别为0.097℃/10 a、0.054℃/10 a、0.184℃/10 a;六盘水年平均气温比较明显的突变点出现在1992年;年平均最高气温突变点1963、2001年,年平均最低气温在1978年发生突变。     

榆林区近62年气温突变分析

摘要：利用估计温度变化趋势的线性回归方程及M-K检验方法, 对陕西北部榆阳区1951—2012年年、季平均气温和最高(低)气温序列进行诊断分析。结果表明：近62 a来榆阳区升温显著,年平均气温线性趋势率021 ℃/10 a;榆阳区气温变化有两个特点,一是最低气温升高,二是冬季升温明显高于其它季节;M-K检验表明年平均气温在1993年发生突变,年平均最高气温突变发生远早于年平均最低气温。

     

近50年来黑龙江省气温变化的多时间尺度分析

对黑龙江省近50年来的气温进行Morlet小波变换,得出了气温变化的多时间尺度特征和突变特征,并与功率谱分析结果进行比较。结论对黑龙江省气温的短期气候预测有一定的指导意义。     

河南省近40年气温突变分析

利用1958～2000年气温资料,对河南省四季和全年的平均气温进行滑动t检验,研究近40年来全省气温的突变情况.结果表明,夏季气温有下降的趋势,而冬、春、秋季和全年气温则稳定上升.     

遵义气温与降水变化的多时间尺度对比分析

用一维Morlet小波变换对遵义市（3个站资料）1951-2006年56a气温与降水资料序列诊断,将二者在6a、10a和19a时间尺度下的小波系数过程线的对比分析发现,遵义市的气温和降水彼此的相关性与二者在年际尺度和年代际尺度上表现出的位相具有较为明显的对应关系,即当气温和降水相关性显著时,二者在其对应变化的年际尺度上表现出较强的反位相,而如果二者的相关性不显著时,二者在其对应变化的较大的年代际尺度上表现出较强的反位相。     

A conceptual framework for time and space scale interactions in the climate system

 Interactions involving various time and space scales, both within the tropics and between the tropics and midlatitudes, are ubiquitous in the climate system. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding such interactions whereby longer time scales and larger space scales set the base state for processes on shorter time scales and smaller space scales, which in turn have an influence back on the longer time scales and larger space scales in a continuum of process-related interactions. Though not intended to be comprehensive, we do cite examples from the literature to provide evidence for the validity of this framework. Decadal time scale base states of the coupled climate system set the context for the manifestation of interannual time scales (El Nino/Southern Oscillation, ENSO and tropospheric biennial oscillation, TBO) which are influenced by and interact with the annual cycle and seasonal time scales. Those base states in turn influence the large-scale coupled processes involved with intraseasonal and submonthly time scales, tied to interactions within the tropics and extratropics, and tropical–midlatitude teleconnections. All of these set the base state for processes on the synoptic and mesoscale and regional/local space scales. Events at those relatively short time scales and small space scales may then affect the longer time scale and larger space scale processes in turn, reaching back out to submonthly, intraseasonal, seasonal, annual, TBO, ENSO and decadal. Global coupled models can capture some elements of the decadal, ENSO, TBO, annual and seasonal time scales with the associated global space scales. However, coupled models are less successful at simulating phenomena at subseasonal and shorter time scales with hemispheric and smaller space scales. In the context of the proposed conceptual framework, the synergistic interactions of the time and space scales suggest that a high priority must be placed on improved simulations of all of the time and space scales in the climate system. This is particularly important for the subseasonal time scales and hemispheric and smaller space scales, which are not well simulated at present, to improve the prospects of successfully forecasting phenomena beyond the synoptic scales. Received: 3 April 2000/ Accepted: 6 November 2000     

遵义市天气加密报传输监控程序

根据地级业务科实际业务管理和基层测报业务工作开展的需要,开发了天气加密报传输监控程序,该程序能够实时对天气加密报的传输情况进行监控,对天气加密报未成功传输给予报警,能够让测报业务管理人员和基层测报值班人员及时补发。同时该程序还能够对自动站资料传输通道给予实时监控,当网络中断时能够自动启动拨号,呼叫网络值班人员。     

Complexity analysis of the air temperature and the precipitation time series in Serbia

Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was applied to the study of the effect of the topographical altitude of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on a severe drought event which took place in eastern China from November 2008 to January 2009. Two simulations of this drought event were conducted: a control simulation (CNTRL run) using original model settings and a sensitive simulation (TOPO run), where no change other than to reduce the TP topography by 50 %. The results show that the CNTRL simulation validates RAMS by reproducing this drought event fairly accurately. However, as part of the TOPO simulation, the total heat flux showed a decrease over most parts of the TP, latent heat flux underwent a significant increase over the southeastern TP, contrary to sensible heat, and a universal decrease over eastern China; this led to an increase in precipitation over the southeastern TP and a decrease in precipitation over eastern China. The decrease of total heat flux over the TP is collocated with an anomalous anticyclonic circulation from the TP to the coasts of southeastern China. Changes in atmospheric circulation and low-level water vapor transport pathways were consistent with changes in precipitation. In general, reducing the topographical altitude of the TP worsens drought in eastern China and moreover causes a significant decrease in precipitation over southern China.     

遵义市太阳能资源分布推算及其利用评估

为了给遵义市太阳能资源利用提供科学依据,该文根据行业标准《太阳能资源评估方法》,整理了遵义气象台30a的太阳辐射观测资料,建立了两种回归模式,分别推算了各县市、各乡镇的太阳总辐射,分析了全市太阳总辐射的时空分布特征,评估了太阳辐射的利用价值,并提出了太阳能利用的对策建议。     

A model of the ground surface temperature for micrometeorological analysis

Micrometeorological models at various scales require ground surface temperature, which may not always be measured in sufficient spatial or temporal detail. There is thus a need for a model that can calculate the surface temperature using only widely available weather data, thermal properties of the ground, and surface properties. The vegetated/permeable surface energy balance (VP-SEB) model introduced here requires no a priori knowledge of soil temperature or moisture at any depth. It combines a two-layer characterization of the soil column following the heat conservation law with a sinusoidal function to estimate deep soil temperature, and a simplified procedure for calculating moisture content. A physically based solution is used for each of the energy balance components allowing VP-SEB to be highly portable. VP-SEB was tested using field data measuring bare loess desert soil in dry weather and following rain events. Modeled hourly surface temperature correlated well with the measured data (r ² = 0.95 for a whole year), with a root-mean-square error of 2.77 K. The model was used to generate input for a pedestrian thermal comfort study using the Index of Thermal Stress (ITS). The simulation shows that the thermal stress on a pedestrian standing in the sun on a fully paved surface, which may be over 500 W on a warm summer day, may be as much as 100 W lower on a grass surface exposed to the same meteorological conditions.     

1958—2016年根河市气温变化特征分析

应用根河市1958—2016年的气温资料,统计分析了根河市近59a的气温变化特征,结果表明:根河市的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈现逐年缓慢上升的趋势,年平均气温在-7.0～-2.0℃之间变化,从建站到1987年低于30a平均值(-3.5℃),从1988年开始绝大部分年份高于常年平均值,在1987年有气温突变。年极端最低气温在-49.6～-38.0℃之间变化,年极端最高气温在28.4～38.5℃之间变化;四季平均气温均呈上升趋势,升温速率冬季最大,达0.742℃/10a。     

惠州市5月高温特征及异常高温成因分析

利用1953-2018年NCEP/NCAR日平均再分析资料和惠州市区逐日气象要素数据,统计分析了惠州市5月高温的气候特征,及1963年和2018年异常高温的成因。结果表明,惠州市5月出现高温天气年频率为15%;近66a间,惠州市5月日极端最高和月平均气温年变化均呈不显著的增加变化趋势;1963年和2018年5月出现了罕见的持续长时间的高温酷热天气,1963年以15d和38.1℃位列第一;5月气温异常偏高主要成因为对流层高层南亚高压中心偏东偏北,副热带高压长时间控制广东上空,同时低层弱的西南气流影响,形成了对流层高层辐合-低层辐散的高低空配置,有利于惠州高温天气的形成和维持。     

中短期预报实时预报业务系统

中短期预报实时预报业务系统是为了适应现行天气预报业务技术体制的发展变化,满足贵州省天气预报业务工作的需要而设计开发的.系统以数值分析预报产品为基础、利用统计学方法设计开发出的客观预报方法.试运行情况证明,系统做出的客观温度预报及降水预报对贵州省的天气预报具有一定的指导作用.