新鲜羊膜致Ⅰ型超敏反应的变应原性研究

研究新鲜人羊膜的变应原性及其致敏后发生Ⅰ型超敏反应的可能性。建立豚鼠全身主动过敏实验模型。分新鲜羊膜组、新鲜蛋清组（阳性对照）和PBS液组（阴性对照），每组10只豚鼠。观察豚鼠在致敏期和激发后的反应，采用化学荧光法检测外周血组胺含量，血液流变分析系统检测4项血液流变学指标（全血高切变率黏度、全血低切变率黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数）。致敏期间各组豚鼠的体重变化无明显差别（P〉0．05）；激发后羊膜组豚鼠与阴性组表现一致，无异常反应；羊膜组外周血组胺含量及4项血液流变学指标均与阴性对照无明显差别（P〉0．05），与阳性对照有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。经规范化无菌处理后的新鲜羊膜，一般不具有变应原性，不会引起Ⅰ型超敏反应。     

蛔虫变应原诱发豚鼠哮喘后血液流变学及组织胺动态变化

目的 :为了观察蛔虫变应原致喘豚鼠动物模型后血液流变学变化及外周血组织胺的动态变化 ,丰富变应原激发动物哮喘的基础理论。方法 :把实验豚鼠随机分为阴性对照组、佐剂对照组和阳性激发组。用蛔虫变应原激发致喘豚鼠后 ,观察各实验组在激发哮喘后 1h、 2 4h和 72h的血液流变学和组织胺的动态变化。结果 :由蛔虫变应原引起的过敏性哮喘豚鼠动物模型 ,其血液流变性出现异常 ,阳性激发组的血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、全血高切变率还原粘度和组织胺水平均较阴性对照组、佐剂对照组显著性升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;而红细胞压积则无明显变化。结论 :表明用蛔虫变应原致喘豚鼠后 ,能诱发速发型变态反应 ,导致肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞脱颗粒并释放出组织胺。与此同时血液出现高粘滞状态 ,进一步加剧气道局部的缺血、缺氧及炎性反应 ,导致气体交换障碍、肺功能降低。     

复方咳喘停治疗蛔虫变应原致喘豚鼠后血液流变性的动态变化

目的：观察蛔虫变应原致喘豚鼠后及平喘中药治疗后血液流变性的动态变化。方法：把豚鼠分为阴性对照、阳性激发和复方咳喘停中药治疗组。用蛔虫变应原诱发哮喘后,观察各组血液流变性的动态变化。结果：阳性激发组的血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数及高切还原粘度增高,显著高于阴性组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;中药组上述指标显著低于阳性激发组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与阴性组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。各组红细胞压积均无明显变化。结论：蛔虫变应原致喘豚鼠后,血液出现高粘滞状态;咳喘停能有效改善局部微循环、恢复流态。     

镁铝合金最大剂量的致敏试验

背景:镁合金作为潜在的新型医用可降解生物金属材料受到越来越多的关注,作为植入物需与人体具有良好的生物相容性。目的:评价镁铝合金(AZ31B)的致敏性。方法:白化豚鼠35只,随机分为生理盐水阴性对照组10只和体积分数为5%甲醛阳性对照组10只,镁铝合金浸提液组15只。根据《GB-T16886.10-2005医疗器械生物学评价第10部分刺激与迟发型超敏反应试验》最大剂量致敏试验步骤进行皮内诱导、局部诱导和激发。激发阶段去除贴附物后6,24,48,72h的豚鼠皮肤反应按Magnusson和Kligman等级进行分级。激发阶段去除贴附物后72h后对皮肤进行活检,行苏木精-伊红染色和光镜下观察。结果与结论:生理盐水阴性对照组和镁铝合金浸提液组激发阶段去除贴附物后24,48,72h皮肤无致敏反应,而甲醛阳性对照组在这任一时间点均有中度以上红斑。活检皮肤光镜下镁铝合金浸提液组未见皮肤水肿,皮肤棘细胞层水肿,血管周围、弥漫的真皮和表皮单核细胞浸润,见散在少量的嗜碱性细胞。结果提示镁铝合金浸提液在致敏方面具有生物安全性。     

原发性肺癌患者的血液流变学研究

观察了原发性肺癌患者血液流变学的变化,采用血液比粘度计检测正常组(42例),肺癌组(58例),慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)组(76例)患者的血沉降率、血球压积、全血比粘度、血浆比粘度及全血还原比粘度。结果:1 COPD组血球压积、低及中切变率时全血比粘度较正常组、肺癌组显著升高(P<0.05).2 肺癌组血沉降率较正常组、COPD组显著升高(P<0.05).3 肺癌组的血球压积、低及中切变率时的全血比粘度较正常组无显著性差异(P>0.05).4 3组高切变率时全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度与血浆比粘度无显著性差异(P>0.05).5正常组与COPD组血沉降率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:肺癌患者血沉降率增高提示其红细胞聚集力增强,而其血粘度无明显改变,可能与红细胞压积无明显改变有关。COPD患者血球压积、血粘度明显增高,可能与长期缺氧有关。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的血液流变学指标变化及与病程相关性

本文报道慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)患者血液流变学指标变化及其与患病时间的关系,结果表明CRS组全血表观黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数较健康对照组(NC组)升高(P<0.05);CRS患者患病时间与高、中、低切变率全血表观黏度、血浆黏度和红细胞聚集指数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。为分析CRS血流变改变提供参考。     

新鲜和保存羊膜移植后外周血T细胞变化及免疫病理学研究

目的： 对比研究新鲜羊膜和保存羊膜移植后的免疫反应，客观评价羊膜移植的免疫安全性。方法: 建立BALB/c小鼠皮下埋植实验模型。按不同的埋植物分为单层新鲜羊膜组、双层新鲜羊膜组、甘油保存羊膜组、绒毛膜组（阳性对照）和单纯手术组（阴性对照）；各组又随机分为5个亚组，分别对应术后1周、2周、4周、8周、12周共5个时点。大体观察小鼠的一般情况，流式细胞仪检测外周血CD3+CD25+和CD3+CD71+的表达，免疫组化法定量组织切片中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+的表达。结果: 术后早期，单层新鲜羊膜组和双层新鲜羊膜组的小鼠外周血CD3+CD25+及CD3+CD71+表达，略高于甘油保存羊膜组（P<0.05），但短期内皆可自行回落。各羊膜组移植区组织CD3+、CD4+、CD8+的表达，在术后1周-12周均无显著差异（P>0.05）。各羊膜组的免疫细胞表达均以非特异性为主，显著弱于绒毛膜组（P<0.01）。结论: 新鲜羊膜与保存羊膜在体内表现出几乎无差别的低免疫原性，不会引起由T细胞介导的特异性排斥反应，可视为免疫赦免组织应用。     

丹参对急性脊髓损伤患者血液流变学的影响

目的研究经静脉注射丹参液对急性脊髓损伤(ASCI)患者血液流变学的影响.方法20例ASCI患者随机分为甲基强的松龙(MP)治疗组,丹参治疗组.治疗前和治疗后2、12、24 h检测患者血液流变学指标:全血黏度低、中、高切变值、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、红细胞聚集指数(RAI)、红细胞变形指数(RDI)结果经丹参治疗后,ASCI患者血液流变学指标明显改善,并有显著性差异.结论静注丹参液可改善ASCI患者微循环,对ASCI起保护作用.     

寄生虫IgE依赖组胺释放因子抗体抑制致敏肥大细胞释放组胺作用的研究

目的 观察抗寄生虫IgE依赖组胺释放因子(HRF)抗体对重组大鼠IgE依赖组胺释放因子(rRHRF)诱导致敏吧大细胞释放组胺功能的影响.方法 用纯化的日本血吸虫和华支睾吸虫IgE依赖组胺释放因子重组蛋白rSjHRr和rCsHRF分别免疫大鼠,分离免疫血清并通过亲和层析纯化出总IgG.将rRHRF(终浓度为75 μg/mL)分别与2种纯化抗体(浓度梯度为3/5,2/5,1/5,0)37℃预先反应30 min后,再加入卵清蛋白变应原致敏的大鼠肺肥大细胞,利用荧光分光光度法测定rRHRF诱导吧大细胞组胺释放量.实验中采用未致敏大鼠血清纯化所得总IgG作为对照.结果 得到了纯化的抗rSjHRF IgG和抗rC-sHRF LgG,抗rCsHRF IgG和抗rSjHRF IgG可明显抑制大鼠内源性IgE依赖HRF诱导致敏肥大细胞释放组胺的功能,但抗体抑制作用的强弱与抗体浓度之间的剂量依赖关系还需进一步实验验证.结论 抗寄生虫IgE依赖组胺释放因子抗体具有抑制大鼠IgE依赖组胺释放因子诱导致敏肥大细胞释放组胺的作用,可能是参与寄生虫感染抑制宿主Ⅰ型超敏反应发生的免疫学机制之一,为预防和控制Ⅰ型超敏反应提供了新的思路.     

尿毒症患者高敏C反应蛋白水平与血液流变性的观察

目的通过测定尿毒症患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(HSCRP)水平及血液流变学指标,分析它们之间的相互关系,以及它们对尿毒症患者疾病进展的影响。方法采用免疫比浊法测定HSCRP水平,全自动血液流变仪检测血液流变学指标并与正常对照组比较。结果除低切变率下全血比黏度较对照组差异无统计学意义以外,其他指标较对照组差异有统计学意义。结论尿毒症患者血管处于微炎症状态,这种微炎症状态与其血液流变性互为因果是尿毒症心血管系统并发症的危险因素。     

Immunological cross-reactivity between the collagen-like fragment of human Clq and human type I collagen

In guinea pigs immunized with human acid-soluble type I collagen in the native form immunological cross-reactivity with the collagen-like fragment of human Clq, CLF,4 was observed. At the cellular level, this fragment elicited a clear-cut delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in 11 out of 20 collagen-immunized guinea pigs as demonstrated in skin tests after injection of 10–100 μg CLF. These 11 animals, and only these, also showed positive skin reactions when challenged with low doses of native collagen (2.0 μg). At the humoral level, only one animal had anticollagen antibodies that cross-reacted with CLF both in passive hemagglutination and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Depending on the detection method used, only five (seven) animals showing cell-mediated cross-reactivity with CLF were also found to be anticollagen-antibody-positive.     

Effects of contact sensitization and delayed hypersensitivity reactions on immune responses to non-related antigens. Modulation of Immune responses.

Guinea pigs were immunized intracutaneously into the ears with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Application of a sensitizing dose of the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) onto the same ears was shown to suppress or enhance the humoral response to SRBC depending on the time of application. When guinea pigs were sensitized to a contact allergen, application of a sensitizing dose of a non-related allergen on the same ears either had no effect or caused a clear enhancement of the development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Strongest enhancement was found when both sensitizations were performed on the same day. Further experiments on the effects of a concomitant DTH reaction elicited at the site of application of a contact allergen showed a strong potentiation of DTH when B-cell suppression was minimized by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY). It was considered that CY-DTH-immunopotentiation might be a useful tool for achieving a higher level of sensitivity after epicutaneous sensitization.     

Nasal mucosal hypersensitivity in guinea pigs intermittently exposed to cold.

To develop an animal model for experimental nasal hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity, guinea pigs were subjected to intermittent exposure to cold temperature (intermittent cold stress, SART stress) for 5 consecutive days. In SART-stressed guinea pigs, nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine evoking sneeze response and nasal hypersecretion in response to methacholine were observed. The hypersensitivity remained for further 7 days after being released from SART stress. On the other hand, such nasal mucosal hypersensitivity was not caused by a continuous cold stress alone, suggesting that intermittent exposure to cold may be of importance for the appearance of nasal mucosal hypersensitivity. In passively sensitized SART-stressed guinea pigs, the quantity of nasal secretion induced by an allergen was significantly increased compared with that of a group of normal animals. The expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (m-ACh.R) became higher in SART-stressed guinea pigs. Thus, hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity in this system were found to be associated with an increase in density of m-ACh.R. SART-stressed guinea pigs will serve as an animal model for hypersensitivity in nasal mucosa, which would be useful for the study of nasal allergy.     

Hydrolase and oxidoreductase activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes in combined exposure to biological allergens and sulfur dioxide

Differences in the metabolic status of peripheral blood lymphocytes were observed after exposure of intact guinea pigs and animals sensitized with biological allergens to sulfur dioxide. When sensitization was complicated by chemical exposure, enzyme activities in lymphocytes depended on the type of allergen and degree of hypersensitivity. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 2, pp. 221–224, February, 2006     

Disordered permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier in the development of allergic processes of the nervous system

A single intravenous injection of dimethyl sulfoxide disturbed permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and caused passage of rhodamin from the blood into the brain in guinea pigs. Brain microinjury, injection of Freund's complete adjuvant or dimethyl sulfoxide increased BBB permeability to brain antigens detected in the animals' blood as early as the first 24 hours after the procedure. Antibodies appeared in the serum and/or delayed type hypersensitivity cell reactions formed in some of the animals later. Daily intraperitoneal dimethyl sulfoxide injections led to increase of the morbidity and mortality indices among animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by sensitization with myelin basic protein and Freud's complete adjuvant. The results of the experiment show the important role of BBB permeability in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.     

Antibody-mediated and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to Brucella skin test antigens in guinea pigs.

Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to brucella antigens of different composition were studied in guinea pigs sensitized by infection with smooth brucella or immunization with killed rough brucella in adjuvant. These animals had circulating antibodies to smooth lipopolysaccharide or protein antigens, respectively. Intradermal skin tests, active cutaneous anaphylaxis, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and immunodiffusion tests were performed. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions uncomplicated by accompanying antibody-mediated reactions were seen only in infected guinea pigs with protein antigen that was entirely free of lipopolysaccharide. In the adjuvant-immunized animals, the protein antigen evoked overlapping antibody-mediated and delayed-type reactions. Lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide preparations contained varying amounts of protein components. In infected animals, reactions of these antigens were clearly antibody mediated, but participation of delayed-type hypersensitivity could not be excluded. In adjuvant-immunized animals, the antibody-mediated reaction to the lipopolysaccharide preparation was caused by its protein component.     

Trimellitic anhydride-induced cellular infiltration into Guinea pig lung varies with age but not gender

BACKGROUND: In humans the incidence of asthma changes with age and gender. Immature guinea pigs have been used to model the allergic response to the occupational allergen trimellitic anhydride (TMA) where exposure to adults is paramount. We hypothesized that the TMA-induced allergic response in immature guinea pigs was similar to mature animals, regardless of gender. METHODS: Sexually immature and mature female and male guinea pigs were sensitized intradermally with TMA. Three weeks after sensitization they were challenged intratracheally with TMA conjugated to guinea pig serum albumin (TMA-GPSA) or GPSA as a control. Twenty-four hours later cell infiltration into the lung was determined. TMA-specific IgG(1) and IgG(2) were measured in plasma and the complement activation product C3a was measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS: In control animals, numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils varied with age and gender. The TMA-GPSA- induced cellular infiltration was similar in all age/gender groups. However, neutrophils in the lung tissue increased only in immature animals. IgG antibodies differed between groups but did not account for differences in cell infiltration. C3a correlated with the extent of cell infiltration in all groups except mature females. CONCLUSIONS: TMA-induced neutrophilia differs with age. TMA-induced changes in eosinophils and macrophages did not vary with age or gender. The relationship between complement activation and inflammation in mature females differs from that in the other groups, suggesting mediators of the response may change with age and gender. Effects of age and gender need to be considered in animal models of the allergic response.