济南市某三级甲等医院临床护士心理一致感、情绪劳动及工作倦怠的相关分析

目的 了解临床护士心理一致感、情绪劳动与工作倦怠之间的关系。方法 采用方便抽样法，于2022年3—4月在山东省济南市某三级甲等医院抽取234名一线临床工作护士作为调查对象，采用一般情况调查表、心理一致感量表、情绪劳动量表和工作倦怠量表对其进行调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 临床护士心理一致感、情绪劳动和工作倦怠得分分别为（57.50±11.10）(51.79±8.42)和（63.10±16.75）分；不同年龄、工作年限、职称、每月夜班次数、工作强度感受及工作满意度的护士心理一致感得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；不同聘用形式、每周加班次数、工作满意度的护士情绪劳动得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；不同婚育状况、工作年限、每周加班次数、工作满意度的护士工作倦怠得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；临床护士心理一致感与情绪劳动和工作倦怠均呈负相关（r=-0.215、-0.428，均P<0.01），情绪劳动与工作倦怠呈正相关（r=0.255,P<0.01）；临床护士心理一致感在情绪劳动与工作倦怠间起部分中介效应，中介效应为0....     

临床护士工作倦怠与心理干预

工作倦怠是一种情绪衰竭、情感疏远及自我成就感下降的综合症[1].护理的职业特点决定了护士在工作中,必须面对众多压力.身心疲惫,缺乏工作激情,成为工作倦怠的高危人群,这不仅对护理人员的心理和生理带来不良影响,也会导致工作效率下降,影响工作质量.因此,有必要对护士的工作倦怠现状及其相关原因进行研究分析,运用科学的心理干预方法,营造一个有利于提高广大护士身心健康水平,降低护士工作倦怠率的良好环境.     

昆明市企业职工工作倦怠的影响因素调查

[目的]了解企业职工的工作倦怠状况及其影响因素。[方法]采用具有较好信度和效度的哥本哈根倦怠量表（Copenhagen Burnout Inventory,CBI）和哥本哈根社会心理问卷（Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire,COPSOQ）对昆明市21家企业的1187名职工进行工作倦怠和工作场所社会心理因素的调查。同时收集职工的一般信息。工作倦怠的影响因素分析采用多元Logistic回归统计方法。[结果]昆明市企业职工中,高工作倦怠者345人,占29.06%。工作于私营企业、较高的工作认可能降低工作倦怠的危险性（ORs值分别为0.55和0.61,P〈0.05）,而高工作定量负荷、快工作节奏、高工作情感负荷及工作家庭冲突均能增高工作倦怠的危险性（ORs值分别为1.52、1.25、1.50、1.68,P〈0.05）。[结论]工作负荷、工作认可及工作家庭冲突是企业职工工作倦怠的主要影响因素,今后的干预措施可以考虑从这几方面入手。     

重庆市医师工作倦怠现状及其影响因素研究

探讨重庆市临床医师工作倦怠的现状和影响因素,为医院管理者提出有针对性的预防和干预措施。运用哥本哈根倦怠量表(CBI)、哥本哈根社会心理问卷(COPSOQ)及一般情况调查表对重庆市内的318名医师进行工作倦怠和工作场所心理因素的横断面调查研究。结果显示,36.79%的医师处于高度工作倦怠的症状,其中年龄、婚否、医院性质和每周工作时数医师工作倦怠率差异有统计学意义。Logistic分析结果显示,工作要求、每周工作时数与医师的工作倦怠呈正相关;而工作满意度、年龄、及婚否与工作倦怠呈负相关。重庆市主城区医师工作倦怠现状较为严重,应重视改善医师工作场所的社会环境以缓解医生的工作倦怠。     

5所三甲医院临床医师工作倦怠现状分析

目的：对医院临床医师这一群体的工作倦怠状况进行了调查，了解其工作倦怠相关模型，对预防和干预医师工作倦怠提供理论依据。方法：采取随机抽样的方法，抽取北京地区5所三甲医院的360名临床医师作为被调查样本，采用因子分析及模型拟合方法探讨医院医师群体工作倦怠模型结构。结果：建立了临床医师工作倦怠的3因素模型。     

心理干预对普外科护士的心理健康水平和工作倦怠的影响

目的探讨心理干预对普外科护士的心理健康水平及工作倦怠的影响。方法将90名普外科护士按随机数字表法分为心理干预组(试验组,45名)和非干预组(对照组,45名),进行随机双盲对照试验,采用90项症状自评量表和工作倦怠量表评分为观察指标。结果与对照组相比,试验组干预后SCL-90总分、阳性项目数、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性因子评分,工作倦怠总分、情感衰竭、个人成就感降低因子评分显著升高(P0.05)。与干预前相比,试验组SCL-90总分、阳性项目数及所有因子(除躯体化、恐怖、偏执因子外),工作倦怠总分、情感衰竭、个人成就感降低因子评分显著降低(P0.05)。试验组SCL-90总分、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑与工作倦怠总分及各因子评分呈显著正相关(P0.01)。结论心理干预能改善普外科护士的心理健康水平,缓解其负性情绪,降低工作倦怠。提示护理管理者应当重视护士的负性情绪,从而保证其护理工作质量。     

耳鼻喉科护士心理资本、工作家庭冲突对工作倦怠的影响

目的了解耳鼻喉科护士心理资本、工作家庭冲突和工作倦怠的现状及其关系。方法采用横断面调查法,于2019年1—3月使用护士心理资本量表、工作家庭冲突量表和工作倦怠量表对南京市6家三级甲等综合医院216名耳鼻喉科护士进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果耳鼻喉科护士心理资本总分为75.11±14.24,得分率为62.59%;工作家庭冲突总分为56.17±16.02,得分率为62.41%;工作倦怠总分为62.01±18.26,得分率为68.90%;耳鼻喉科护士的心理资本与工作倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.524,P0.01),工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠呈正相关(r=0.612,P0.01),心理资本与工作家庭冲突呈负相关(r=-0.538,P0.01);心理资本在工作家庭冲突和工作倦怠之间起部分中介作用,中介效应为0.15,中介效应占总效应的比例为31.91%。结论耳鼻喉科护士心理资本、工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠存在相关性,心理资本在工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠之间起部分中介作用,提高心理资本水平有助于降低工作家庭冲突和工作倦怠水平。     

医护人员工作倦怠研究现状

工作倦怠近30年已形成一独立的研究领域,从1990年在波兰举行的第一届欧洲工作倦怠会议至今,在理论、测量工具、影响因素、干预措施上都取得了长足进展,本文对国外近10年来医护人员工作倦怠的现状、测量、影响因素、干预及未来发展趋势进行介绍。     

护士心理资本在职业紧张与工作倦怠关系中的作用

随机抽取辽宁省6所医院工作6个月以上的575名女性护士为对象进行应用付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI)、心理资本问卷(PCQ)及工作倦怠问卷(MBI-GS)调查,分别测量护士的职业紧张、心理资本及工作倦怠,多元分层回归分析探讨护士职业紧张、心理资本与工作倦怠的关系,验证心理资本在职业紧张对工作倦怠影响中的作用。     

麻醉医师工作倦怠与心理弹性的关系研究

目的：了解麻醉医师工作倦怠、心理弹性的水平及两者之间的关系。方法采用工作倦怠量表、心理弹性量表对承德市12家医院138名麻醉医师进行调查。结果 t检验显示,麻醉医师的工作倦怠状态在情绪衰竭和个人成就感两个维度得分与M氏常模差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;麻醉医师心理弹性水平显著低于常模（P＜0.05）,其3个维度得分从高到低为自强、坚韧、乐观。依据心理弹性总分将麻醉医师分为高分组和低分组,t检验显示,高分组的工作倦怠整体水平显著低于低分组（P＜0.05）,进一步的相关分析显示,工作倦怠各维度与心理弹性各维度均存在显著的相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论我国麻醉医师工作倦怠水平普遍较高,心理弹性相对较差,因此各医疗卫生机构应采取有效措施提高其心理弹性水平,进而改善其工作倦怠。     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.