线上线下互动教学模式在医学院校基础化学教学中的应用——以“缓冲溶液及其作用机制”为例

为提高基础化学的教学效果,以“UMU互动”为平台,开展线上线下混合式教学模式改革。以“缓冲溶液及其作用机制”教学设计为例, 阐述线上线下混合教学模式的应用。结果表明,混合式教学模式可以激发学生的学习兴趣,提升学生自主学习的能力,有效提高了教学质量和教学效果。     

化学教育医用基础化学缓冲溶液及其作用机制的教学设计与思考

介绍了医科院校"医用基础化学"课程中缓冲溶液及其作用机制部分问题导向式的研究型教学设计,即通过层层设问、循序解答的授课方式进行缓冲溶液及其作用机制的理论教学。既有效提高了学生学习兴趣,使学生在有限的学时内掌握了缓冲溶液的基础理论与核心概念,又重点培养了学生的"4C"技能。     

一流课程建设——基础化学实验

从教学团队、课程内容、教学模式、教学条件及考核模式等方面的改革介绍了基础化学实验一流课程建设,即以开展实验教学培训、鼓励交流合作、打破编制壁垒建设实验教学团队;以科研反哺教学、开展实验竞赛、注重教材建设改革课程内容;以“讲一练二考三”“简易混合式”“思想实验”等创新教学模式培养学生创新能力;以更新仪器设备及运用信息技术改进教学条件;并通过评教机制及魅力化学实验课堂机制改革基础实验考核模式。     

初中化学教学中培育社会责任素养*——以“燃料及其利用”复习教学为例

在分析“社会责任”素养内涵和研究现状的基础上,制订了初中化学“燃料及其利用”复习教学课的“社会责任”素养目标,并设计了以“秸秆综合利用的变迁”以及“历史悠久的薪柴燃料-使用方便的化石燃料-清洁环保的新型燃料”的燃料“进化史”为主线的教学流程。从“燃料及其利用”复习教学来看,初中化学教学可以通过真实情境、创新实验和有意义的学习经历等实践路径让学生获得“社会责任”体验,形成“社会责任”素养。     

游戏教学在国内化学教学中的应用述评

游戏教学可以激发学生的学习兴趣,创设轻松、愉快的学习情境,提高学生的学习能力。国内主要通过运用“趣味实验”、“自制教具”、“情景活动”和“电脑游戏”进行化学游戏教学。介绍了游戏教学在国内化学教学的应用现状,同时对未来的研究进行展望,以期对化学游戏教学的研究起抛砖引玉的作用。     

“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学模式探索与实践

结合普通化学课程特点及教学实践,深入分析了传统“教师中心”课程教学中普遍存在的问题,阐述了进行“以学生为中心”课程教学改革的必要性。从教学理念、教学内容、教学过程及考核评价等4方面构建了“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学体系。提出了通过简约化、项目化、生活化及开放性原则优选整合教学内容,优化了“四环节六步骤”教学过程,完善了多元多维互动教学评价办法。     

基于翻转课堂-PBL的混合式“金课”教学*——以“药物分析”为例

以创新应用能力及岗位需求重构课程标准,更新教学方法和教学手段,从教学设计、教学实施、教学评价、教学效果等4个方面系统地探索了基于翻转课堂-PBL教学的药物分析课程教学模式建设与应用,旨在形成多元化、多层次的药物分析教学新体系,将“以教师教为主”的教学模式转变为“以学生学为主”,让学生化“被动”为“主动”学习,锻炼学生自主学习能力,增强学生团队协作及分析解决问题的能力,启发学生创新应用能力。     

基于学生思维发展的初高中衔接教学*——相对原子质量

对化学义务教育阶段“相对原子质量”和高中阶段“物质的量及摩尔质量”教学进行了新的尝试和思考,探讨了深入理解“相对原子质量”的2个视角,同时开展了学生的自主探究活动,进一步实现学生思维和认知的持续发展,这也是基于初中教学与高中教学相衔接的一次探索和尝试,既可以应用于初中“相对原子质量”教学中的深入理解,也可以应用于高中“物质的量”教学时的衔接课程。     

对如何促进学生学好物理化学网络课程的思考*

从《物理化学(上册)》的首个教学章节“热力学第一定律”出发,以“雨课堂”和“腾讯课堂”为教学平台,分析了学生应该如何适应从“线下教学”到“线上教学”的转变,扮演好“学生”在网络教学中的角色,并以学生的这些注意事项为切入点,论述了教师应该做出的相应转变,以求引导学生更高效地完成线上学习任务。     

促进学生认识发展的学科教学认识的构建——以“原电池”为例

阐释了学科教学认识和促进学生认识发展教学的基本内涵,在此基础上结合化学学科和“原电池”的内容特点,从有关“原电池”的学科知识、课程知识、学生理解的知识、教学策略及表征的知识等4个方面,论述了“原电池”主题的学科教学认识的构建。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.