铜催化苯乙烯不对称硼胺化反应

报道了一种以手性亚砜膦配体/铜络合物为催化剂的苯乙烯不对称硼胺化反应,该方法以联硼酸频哪醇酯（pinB-Bpin）和亲电性胺试剂分别作为硼源和氮源,合成手性β-氨基烷基硼酯,该产物可方便地转化为有用的手性β-羟胺类化合物.     

环状烯酮与环状1-氮杂二烯的非对映及对映选择性[4+2]环加成反应

有机胺能催化环状烯酮化合物在多个位点发生不对称合成反应. 最近,我们发展了手性伯胺催化β-取代2-环戊烯酮与从糖精衍生的1-氮杂二烯的α’,γ-区域选择性的[5+3]形式环加成反应. 这里我们将报道采用β-取代2-环己烯酮或β-未取代2-环戊烯酮时,在手性伯胺催化下却与相同1-氮杂二烯发生完全不同的α’,β-区域选择性的不对称[4+2]环加成反应,生成高度官能团化的手性[2.2.2]或[2.2.1]桥环骨架结构. 重要的是利用不同类型的手性伯胺催化剂能够实现非对映选择性的反转,分别制备高立体选择性的endo-或exo-环加成产物.     

光催化氧化还原体系中硝酮与芳香叔胺的自由基偶联反应

通过氮α-位碳自由基构造氮α-位碳-碳键是合成含氮有机化合物的重要方法. 近期, 利用可见光催化氧化芳香叔胺—氮α-位去质子化形成氮α-位碳自由基的原理发展了一系列新颖的自由基加成(偶联)反应, 成为氮α-位碳自由基化学发展的重要方向. 本文应用Ir-催化剂, 实现了光催化氧化还原体系中硝酮与芳香叔胺的自由基偶联反应, 高效地合成β-氨基羟胺化合物. 该反应条件温和、操作简单, 具有较高的原子经济性, 且对于各种链状、环状以及手性硝酮都具有良好的适用性, 产物可方便地转化为重要的邻二胺化合物.     

铜催化的α,β-不饱和化合物的不对称共轭硼化反应研究进展

有机硼化合物是一种重要的有机合成中间体,有机硼酸及其衍生物可以被很容易的转化为一系列的功能性化合物并保持其空间构型不变.铜催化的α,β-不饱和化合物和联硼酸酯的不对称加成反应已经成为一个新颖的合成手性有机硼化合物的方法.综述了铜催化的α,β-不饱和化合物的不对称共轭硼化研究进展,其中包括了双膦配体、卡宾配体以及其它配体诱导的共轭硼化反应.     

铁催化酮羰基的硼化反应合成α-羟基硼酸酯

报道了一种铁催化烷基酮类化合物硼化合成三级α-羟基硼酸酯的反应,使用了可商业购买的FeBr₂作为催化剂,加入醇作为添加剂来加速反应的进行,同时避免副反应的发生.通过该方法合成了一系列三级α-羟基硼酸酯化合物,反应具有很好的底物兼容性以及官能团兼容性.该铁催化剂对于大位阻的酮类化合物的硼化反应,表现出优于铜催化的活性.同时该反应可应用于克级规模的制备,随后通过对三级α-羟基硼酸酯的C-O键进行官能化,将所得的三级α-羟基硼酸酯转化为三级烷基硼酸酯以及偕二硼、偕硅硼类化合物.     

氨基酸酯Katritzky盐用于β,γ-不饱和酯和γ-酮酯合成的研究

β,γ-不饱和酯和γ-酮酯是重要的合成中间体, 从丰富的氨基酸衍生的Katritzky吡啶盐出发, 在可见光照射下, 合成了一系列的β,γ-不饱和酯和γ-酮酯, 该方法具有反应条件温和, 操作简单等优点, 且有良好的官能团兼容性, 所得的产物可进一步转化.     

铜催化的α-氨基丙二腈的脱氰氧代反应：一种合成叔酰胺的新方法

新反应、新试剂的发展是有机合成化学的重要研究内容,基于前期在α-氨基丙二腈合成方法学方面的工作基础,我们发展了一例铜催化的α-氨基丙二腈的脱氰氧代反应.通过将甲酰胺转化为α-氨基丙二腈后,借助其亲核属性来合成α-氨基丙二腈底物,而后将底物重新转化为酰胺,从而实现形式上的氨基甲酰负离子的亲核加成（取代）反应.该工作首次完成了形式上的甲酰胺碳原子的极性反转,实现了将α-氨基丙二腈作为氨基甲酰负离子替代物的反应新模式,为叔酰胺化合物的合成提供了新的思路和方法,且具有反应条件简单,底物适用性广及适合克级规模制备等特点.     

新型双β-环糊精键合SBA-15液相手性固定相的制备及评价

由于桥联双β-环糊精的协同包结作用和独特的多重识别功能已被广泛地用作人工模拟酶,本文尝试用桥联双β-环糊精作固定相配体,开发其手性分离功能.采用3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂连续反应法,首先将（6-氧-对甲苯磺酰）-β-环糊精键合到有序介孔SBA-15硅胶表面,然后与（6-乙二胺-6-去氧）-β-环糊精反应,制备一种新型的乙二胺桥联双β-环糊精键合SBA-15液相色谱手性固定相（BCDSP）.采用质谱、红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析和透射电镜等进行结构表征.在极性有机溶剂模式下,评价了新固定相的基本色谱性能,并用于β-受体阻滞剂对映体的拆分.考察了流动相中有机溶剂、三乙胺、冰醋酸改性剂用量和柱温对手性分离的影响.基于优化的色谱条件,采用双β-环糊精键合固定相成功地拆分了常用的14种β-受体阻滞剂药物对映体,其中普萘洛尔的分离度可达到2.18,卡维地洛的分离度可达到2.01,分析时间一般为10～20 min,取得了较高的分离效率.为比较研究,还制备了一种单β-环糊精固定相（CDSP）,结果发现双β-环糊精键合相可拆分14种β-受体阻滞剂,而在优化的条件下单β-环糊精键合相仅能部分拆分4种β-受体阻滞剂,且前者的分离度明显优于后者.基于实验数据对双β-环糊精和单β-环糊精固定相的分离机理的异同点展开讨论.一方面包结作用和氢键作用在桥联双β-环糊精键合相的手性分离中占重要地位,与常见的单β-环糊精固定相相似;另一方面桥联双β-环糊精固定相拥有自身的特点,两个β-环糊精腔体存在协同作用,相应于它的模拟酶功能,协同作用不仅扩大了空间识别域,还提高了立体选择性,基于双腔体的包结作用和乙二胺桥键的氢键作用等增强了固定相的手性识别能力,加上有序的SBA-15能加快传质,使得BCDSP具有较好的手性色谱性能,拥有更广泛的拆分对象、更高的分离度和更短的分析时间.新固定相的制备方法简便,手性分离功能强,色谱性能稳定,且制备成本较低.这类桥联双β-环糊精键合有序介孔SBA-15新型的快速分离材料在手性药物质量监控和药代动力学研究中存在良好的应用前景.     

手性钌螯合催化剂的合成及在α⁃羟基酯的动态动力学氢化反应中的应用

设计并合成了一系列基于(R)-2-(二苯基膦基)-1-苯基-N-(2′-吡啶甲基)-1-乙胺及其衍生物的手性钌螯合催化剂. 采用核磁共振波谱及高分辨质谱对其进行表征, 并给出单晶结构. 以α-羟基酯类化合物为研究对象, 通过酯的动态动力学氢化还原反应, 发展了一种合成手性二醇的方法.研究结果表明, 该催化体系能有效实现酯的氢化还原, 并获得一定的对映选择性.     

一种实用与通用的硼酸频哪醇酯的胺化试剂:碘化1-氨基-三乙烯二铵盐

有机硼化合物因其易于转化而成为有机合成中常用的试剂[1].在其转化中,C-B键胺化是一种非常有价值的合成胺的方法,在药物合成中极具吸引力.早期的研究通过使用氯胺、烷基叠氮化物或羟胺衍生物作为两亲性氮源,实现了多种亲电硼烷衍生物的胺化[2].随着有机硼化学的发展,有机硼酸频哪醇酯(R-Bpin)已被广泛用于各种转化中,但其直接胺化仍具有挑战性[3].     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.