炭材料的生物医学性能及其在医学方面的应用

炭材料具有优异的机械性能和生物力学相容性，具有高比强、高断裂强度、抗疲劳、抗摩擦和优异的抗血栓性和生物稳定性，易于灭菌消毒；弹性模量与骨匹配性好，用作植入体体无吸收、感染现象、免疫反应和溶出物；有良好的射线透过力，便于临床X射线和CT观察。在生物医学领域有很大的应用潜力，是新型骨关节修复与替代材料和外置的骨折固定装置材料。但是要实用化，必须降低成本，提高性能。一方面要发展快速致密化工艺，降低基质的成本；另外，寻找能够替代昂贵的炭纤维纺织体的预制体材料。材料科学与医学的跨学科研究对发展新型医用材料，提高医疗水平有重要意义。     

浅谈高分子材料在医学上的应用

高分子材料在医学的应用已越来越广泛，本文介绍了高分子材料在人造关节，牙齿，皮肤，血管及人造血浆等方面的用途。     

生物医学材料的应用现状及发展前景

由于生物医学材料是无毒副作用、生物相容性良好、耐腐蚀性能优越的医用材料,越来越受到广大科技研究工作者的重视。近20年,国内外特别是一些发达国家对生物材料的研究和开发得到飞速的发展。本文详细阐述了生物医学材料的分类及发展前景。     

壳聚糖/环糊精在生物医学材料方面的研究进展

壳聚糖/环糊精是一种新型的生物医学材料.综述了近年来壳聚糖/环糊精在生物医学材料方面的研究进展,主要包括其作为药物载体材料、组织工程支架材料、基因载体材料及选择分离材料等方面的研究.     

PVP在生物医学领域的应用：国内外研究概况

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（ＰＶＰ）是乙烯吡咯烷酮的均聚物,它的应用领域非常广泛,本文综述了ＰＶＰ的物理和化学特性,概述了国内外ＰＶＰ在生物医学领域的研究发展状况。     

生物陶瓷材料在生物材料中的应用

详细介绍了生物陶瓷在生物材料领域中的应用情况和研究现状及生物陶瓷在今后的发展前景。     

高分子材料在生物医学领域的应用

从人体功能替代或修复用高分子材料，药用高分子材料，高分子医疗器材及制品三个方面，详细阐述了高分子材料在生物医学领域的应用，同时对我国生物医用高分子材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

炭材料在生物及医学应用中的研究进展

炭材料在生物和医学方面的实验研究,证实了炭与生物有很好的相容性,在医学方面有一定的实用价值,研究工作上此制造出炭质人造心脏瓣膜,人造牙极,人造骨,活性炭吸附剂等生物和医用材料,为炭材料在生物和医学方面的应用研究开拓了新的领域。     

甲壳素及其在膜材料方面的应用

<正> (一) 早在1811年,法国人Henri Braconnot从菌类中提取了一种类似纤维素的物质。由于它大量存在于低等动物,特别是节肢动物(如虾、昆虫、蟹)的甲壳中,故俗称甲壳素(Chitin),又名甲壳质、壳蛋白、几丁质、壳多糖等。自然界中每年生物合成的甲壳素估计有数十亿吨之多,远远超过其它氨基多糖,是一种丰富的自然资源。甲壳素是少数天然产物中带有强大电荷的一种物质,是2-乙酰基-2-氨基-2-长羟基-D-葡萄糖的线性聚合物,具有1000～3000     

Self-Assembling Peptides: From Design to Biomedical Applications

Self-assembling peptides could be considered a novel class of agents able to harvest an array of micro/nanostructures that are highly attractive in the biomedical field. By modifying their amino acid composition, it is possible to mime several biological functions; when assembled in micro/nanostructures, they can be used for a variety of purposes such as tissue regeneration and engineering or drug delivery to improve drug release and/or stability and to reduce side effects. Other significant advantages of self-assembled peptides involve their biocompatibility and their ability to efficiently target molecular recognition sites. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, self-assembled peptide micro/nanostructures are capable to load both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and they are suitable to achieve a triggered drug delivery at disease sites by inserting in their structure’s stimuli-responsive moieties. The focus of this review was to summarize the most recent and significant studies on self-assembled peptides with an emphasis on their application in the biomedical field.     

Furcellaran Surface Deposition and Its Potential in Biomedical Applications

Surface coatings of materials by polysaccharide polymers are an acknowledged strategy to modulate interfacial biocompatibility. Polysaccharides from various algal species represent an attractive source of structurally diverse compounds that have found application in the biomedical field. Furcellaran obtained from the red algae Furcellaria lumbricalis is a potential candidate for biomedical applications due to its gelation properties and mechanical strength. In the present study, immobilization of furcellaran onto polyethylene terephthalate surfaces by a multistep approach was studied. In this approach, N-allylmethylamine was grafted onto a functionalized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface via air plasma treatment. Furcellaran, as a bioactive agent, was anchored on such substrates. Surface characteristics were measured by means of contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, samples were subjected to selected cell interaction assays, such as antibacterial activity, anticoagulant activity, fibroblasts and stem cell cytocompatibility, to investigate the Furcellaran potential in biomedical applications. Based on these results, furcellaran-coated PET films showed significantly improved embryonic stem cell (ESC) proliferation compared to the initial untreated material.     

Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Silk Fibroin/Small Intestine Submucosa Composites for Biomedical Applications

Natural biomaterials were used to improve the biocompatibility of synthetic biopolymers. PCL was electrospun with natural biopolymers, silk fibroin, and small intestine submucosa. Due to increased electrical conductivity, the diameter of the composite fibers highly depended on the amount of SIS in the polymer solution. PCL/SF/SIS electrospun composites exhibited various synergistic effects, including enhanced mechanical properties and incredibly improved hydrophilicity compared to those of pure PCL and PCL/SF fibers. An initial cell attachment test demonstrated that the interactions between PC‐12 nerve cells and the PCL/SF/SIS composites were more favorable than those between PC‐12 cells and a PCL/SF composite.

     

壳聚糖接枝改性及其在生物医学领域的应用

壳聚糖作为重要的天然生物材料,其改性与应用得到了广泛关注.综述了近年来壳聚糖的化学接枝改性方法,包括开环聚合法(ROP)、原子转移自由基法(ATRP)、可逆加成断裂链转移聚合法(RAFT)、以及氮氧稳定自由基聚合法(NMP)等.并进一步综述了壳聚糖接枝共聚物在药物控释栽体、基因载体、组织工程材料等生物医学领域的应用.     

Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research

The process of evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of drugs is important in the production of new drugs to treat diseases. Testing in humans is the most accurate method, but there are technical and ethical limitations. To overcome these limitations, various models have been developed in which responses to various external stimuli can be observed to help guide future trials. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has a great advantage in simulating the physical and biological functions of tissues in the human body. This article reviews the biomaterials currently used to improve cellular functions in 3D culture and the contributions of 3D culture to cancer research, stem cell culture and drug and toxicity screening.     

Effects of Terminal Sterilization on PEG‐Based Bioresorbable Polymers Used in Biomedical Applications

The effects of ethylene oxide (EO), vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), gamma (γ) radiation, and electron‐beam (E‐beam) on the physiochemical and morphological properties of medical device polymers are investigated. Polymers with ether, carbonate, carboxylic acid, amide and ester functionalities are selected from a family of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) containing tyrosine‐derived polycarbonates (TyrPCs) to include slow, medium, fast, and ultra‐fast degrading polymers. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used for comparison. Molecular weight (M_w) of all tested polymers decreases upon gamma and E‐beam, and this effect becomes more pronounced at higher PEG content. Gamma sterilization increases the glass transition temperature of polymers with high PEG content. EO esterifies the carboxylic acid groups in desaminotyrosol‐tyrosine (DT) and causes significant degradation. VHP causes hydroxylation of the phenyl ring, and hydrolytic degradation. This study signifies the importance of the chemical composition when selecting a sterilization method, and provides suggested conditions for each of the sterilization methods.

     

Polybetaines in Biomedical Applications

Polybetaines, that have moieties bearing both cationic (quaternary ammonium group) and anionic groups (carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphate/phosphinate/phosphonate groups) situated in the same structural unit represent an important class of smart polymers with unique and specific properties, belonging to the family of zwitterionic materials. According to the anionic groups, polybetaines can be divided into three major classes: poly(carboxybetaines), poly(sulfobetaines) and poly(phosphobetaines). The structural diversity of polybetaines and their special properties such as, antifouling, antimicrobial, strong hydration properties and good biocompatibility lead to their use in nanotechnology, biological and medical fields, water remediation, hydrometallurgy and the oil industry. In this review we aimed to highlight the recent developments achieved in the field of biomedical applications of polybetaines such as: antifouling, antimicrobial and implant coatings, wound healing and drug delivery systems.     

Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications

The nature of hydrogel polymers is described together with the range of biomedical applications in which their use has been suggested or described in the literature. The field of contact lens materials has provided the greatest variety of synthetic hydrogels and the material requirements for extended wear lenses present problems that are typical of those encountered in biomedical applications in general. The patient literature relating to contact lenses is reviewed and the development of the composition of hydrogel materials is thereby traced and compared with the range of lens materials currently available. In contrast the most commonly encountered, in fact almost the sole, hydrogel material in the literature relating to those areas more conventionally regarded as biomedical, is poly(2-hydroxeythyl methacrylate) or polyHEMA. The use of this and related hydrogels in various applications including prostheses, ocular surgery, sature coatings, artificial internal organs and drug delivery systems is reviewed.     

Water-Soluble Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications

Water-soluble polyphosphazenes are an emerging class of biologically important synthetic polymers. Rapid advancements in the field have been facilitated with the discovery of potent polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants, use of hydrophilic polyphosphazenes in mild microencapsulation processes, and synthesis of water-soluble biodegradable polyphosphazenes – analogs of the well known pharmaceutical carriers. Present review summarizes the most recent advances in the synthesis of water-soluble polyphosphazenes, studies on their degradation and biological performance.     

磁性微球的生物医学应用研究进展

磁性微球作为一种新型功能材料 ,在生物医学、细胞学和生物工程学等领域被广泛地应用于生物目标产品的快速分离 ;在临床医学方面被广泛应用于靶向给药。对磁性微球在生物分离和靶向药物等领域的应用进行了详细的介绍