EMS中公共信息模型导入/导出技术

介绍了EMS接口标准化进程，提出了采用实时数据库作为适配器, 通过XML（可扩展置标语言）文件实现EMS的公共信息模型（CIM）数据交换的方案，数据导入、导出EMS时，由该适配器完成语法和语义的两步转换。文中解决了运用实时数据库承载CIM的关键技术问题，如对多重关联的表达和对继承的处理。实现了由CIM的UML描述自动构造实时数据库，并能将XML格式的CIM数据自动导入和导出EMS。通过自操作试验验证了该方案的可行性和适应性。     

集中数据管理平台及其在电力市场中的应用

将关系库、实时库、历史库和计划库的访问界面统一起来，规范并简化了访问数据库应用程序的开发，设计并实现了可以集中关系库、实时库、历史库和计划库的数据库检索器（DBSCH）和数据管理工具（DBTOOLKIT）。这些技术形成了集中数据管理平台，该平台已被应用于河南电力市场技术支持系统中。实际应用证明了该技术在电网调度自动化系统中有较好的应用前景。     

水电厂计算机监控软件中的数据库管理系统

对水电厂计算机监控软件中的数据库管理系统进行分析研究，采取自行开发实时数据库管理系统和商用数据库管理系统相结合，并将二者紧密集成，集中管理实时数据和非实时数据，为应用软件提供了统一透明的SQL操作接口．该数据库管理方案具有快速响应、可扩充性好、使用方便等特点．     

基于CIM XML电网模型的互操作研究

应用程序级的开放是新一代能量管理系统（EMS）发展的迫切要求。国际电工委员会（IEC）提出的IEC 61970系列标准中的公共信息模型（CIM）能够实现EMS应用真正意义上的信息共享。文中基于实时库技术，设计构造了数据交换适配器，实现了原有EMS的数据库与符合CIM标准的数据存储器之间的数据交换和数据传递。根据IEEE给出的14节点标准系统数据，建立了符合CIM标准的电力系统模型。     

OPC技术在H9000v3.0水电厂实时监控系统中的应用

OPC（OLEforprocesscontrol）是一种连接硬件装置或软件数据库等数据源与过程控制客户应用程序之间的标准化接口协议，为水电厂实时监控系统的上位机监控软件与可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）之间的数据传输提供一条高效、可靠的新途径。对于类似ABB公司的PLC，仅将OPC接口作为其数据交换惟一开放接口的硬件设备，监控系统必须开发相应的客户端软件与其实现数据交换。文中首先介绍了OPC技术，然后结合H9000v3.0水电厂实时监控系统介绍了ABB公司OPC服务器的客户端软件的开发，该客户端软件可用于其他采用OPC标准的公司的PLC，也很容易移植到其他领域如火电、钢铁等实时数据采集系统。     

基于ADO技术继保整定计算软件数据管理系统的开发

介绍了在Delphi 7.0开发环境下，结合关系数据库系统Access进行电力系统继电保护整定计算软件数据管理系统的设计与开发。采用ActiveX数据对象（ADO）组件技术动态连接后台数据库，将原始数据参数、故障计算数据及整定计算数据写入数据库，利用树形结构管理数据库中的参数表，方便、直观、效率高，实现了数据的查询、分析、打印等功能。经过实际工程应用，效果良好，具有很好的应用前景和实用价值。     

基于PI数据库的供电企业实时数据中心的设计与实现

研究、设计并开发了实时数据中心系统。该系统基于PI（plant information）实时数据库开发,建立了企业级的实时数据中心平台,并实现了丰富的应用功能,有效地解决了各个信息孤岛的信息隔阂,可以高效、快速和方便地存取与应用企业级实时数据。简要分析了供电企业自动化及信息化的现状和PI数据库的特点,阐述了基于PI数据库的供电企业数据中心系统的体系结构、应用功能以及相关关键技术,最后介绍了该系统在深圳供电局的实际应用情况。     

空间Shape数据动态绑定方法在WebGIS中的应用

 针对目前各级水利系统防汛、防旱、防风办公室（简称三防办）实时水、雨情监测,以广州花都区三防办为例,给出了实时水、雨情数据的具体流转过程,并提出了一种Shape空间数据DBF文件与dBase 5数据库文件相互关联的方法,使遥测设备接收到的水、雨情数据在WebGIS平台中电子地图相关监测点实时、动态反映,并且能够以曲线图等直观图形式表现出来,从而辅助三防办进行正确与及时的决策。     

基于工程数据库的拱坝ICAD系统的开发

基于工程数据库的ICAD集成系统具有以下优点：（1）避免了数据的重复输入，减少了输入数据；（2）可防止发生输入错误，增加系统的可民性和安全性；（3）可最大限度地节省存储空间；（4）便于用户管理和使用，便于系统对数据进行比较、检索、加密和统计分析，便于系统进行机器学习；（5）便于系统之间进行模块交流；（6）可避免重复查询；（7）数据库中存储的数据具有共享性，库中的数据既可以为多个用户所共享，又保证只有被授权的用户才能读取或更新库中的数据，以保证数据的安全性、完整性、正确性和一致性．     

京津地区重要水源地水资源实时监控数据库系统

为实现京津地区重要水源地水资源数据的有效管理、数据发布和信息（数据）服务．构建京津地区重要水源地实时监控系统．在基础数据库管理系统的建设中采用了ArcGIS作为系统开发平台。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Desiccation and recolonization of phytobenthos in a regulated desert river: Colorado River at Lees Ferry,Arizona, USA

We tested the recolonization of the phytobenthic community in the tailwaters of Glen Canyon Dam following long- and short-term experimentally induced desiccation. The response of Cladophora glomerata, Oscillatoria spp., miscellaneous phytobenthos species and periphyton was studied over 18 weeks using three treatments: (1) undisturbed control cobbles from the submerged zone; (2) cobbles desiccated and replaced into the submerged zone; and (3) cobbles desiccated and replaced into the varial zone. Periphyton density and compositional response resulting from these treatments were also examined. Desiccation treatments were significantly different in biomass from controls throughout the study. The biomass of desiccated and replaced river cobbles averaged <30% of the controls for C. glomerata and periphyton during the 18-week recolonization period. In contrast, the biomass of the control Oscillatoria and miscellaneous phytobenthos species averaged only 3 and 50% of that in the desiccation treatments, respectively. Cladophora, the dominant alga, comprised 77% of the phytobenthic biomass. A significant positive relationship between discharge, Cladophora and periphyton biomass was present in all treatments, while there was a negative relationship with discharge for Oscillatoria and miscellaneous phytobenthos species. There was a significant inverse correlation, as well as a pattern of separate biomass dominance, between C. glomerata and Oscillatoria. Cladophora was the dominant phytobenthos species on cobbles below the baseflow and Oscillatoria was dominant on cobbles in the varial zone. In general, the Cladophora biomass decreased under intermittent drying conditions, while Oscillatoria declined under permanently wet conditions. Diatom composition was not significantly different between treatments; however, their density was lower on desiccated cobbles. Diatom density on desiccated cobbles in the submerged and varial zones averaged 69 and 42% of that of the controls, respectively. Recovery and maintenance of benthic resources are hindered by fluctuating flow regimes driven by electricity and irrigation requirements. Repeated desiccation of the phytobenthos has major effects on the bottom-up interactions in the Colorado River ecosystem. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.