羧酸基型阻垢剂在纺织厂空调喷淋水系统中的性能研究

针对纺织厂喷淋水的水质特点,自主合成羧酸基型阻垢剂,并研究其在纺织厂空调喷淋水系统的实际性能。采用电镜扫描和模拟喷淋水系统的方法,发现该阻垢剂有较大的比表面积,在与垢体发生碰撞时能够进行较好的物理化学吸附,阻碍垢体的形成;当投加的阻垢剂质量浓度为5 mg/L时,其动态性能达到最佳,随着运行时间增长,喷淋水的水质总硬度有所上升,后趋于稳定,钙硬度先上升后小幅下降,总碱度、电导率在运行初期,呈现急剧上升趋势,后较稳定,pH值随运行时间上下起伏;对比常用的yc2655型阻垢剂,该阻垢剂能有效控制喷淋水的总碱度和电导率,避免发生腐蚀。     

阻垢剂对纺织空调喷淋水系统使用效果的影响

针对目前纺织空调水系统结垢现状,提出使用阻垢剂来改善喷淋水水质,从而避免由于喷嘴结垢堵塞而影响喷淋效果最终影响纺织车间温湿度。选取聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)、聚天冬氨酸(PASP)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)3种阻垢剂,研究在不同的质量浓度对纺织空调喷淋水系统阻垢效果的影响。对实验数据进行分析发现：PESA的阻垢效果最好,且当其质量浓度为15 mg/L时阻垢效率可达90.14%。随后探究了未加入PESA和加入PESA对水质稳定指数I_R的方差分析,结果表明未加阻垢剂时水中溶解性固体(TDS)对I_R的影响最大,加入阻垢剂后对I_R影响最为显著的则是阻垢剂质量浓度。综合分析得出选用PESA可解决纺织空调喷淋水系统因水垢沉积造成的运行管理困难问题。     

纺织空调喷淋水系统的水质及阻垢性能研究

阐述了目前纺织厂喷淋水系统的运行现状,着重对西安和咸阳纺织厂喷淋水水质进行硬度测定,发现咸阳的自来水硬度要高于西安。随着系统不断运行,两地喷淋水的硬度产生了极大的差异,咸阳的喷淋水硬度远高于西安,出现了严重的结垢现象。提出了使用羧酸基型阻垢剂的方法改善纺织厂喷淋水水质的措施,并测定了其阻垢性能。分析发现:羧酸基型阻垢剂对碳酸钙的阻垢率可达97.6%。在此基础上对喷淋系统进行改造,引入羧酸基型阻垢装置,在保证喷淋水系统安全稳定运行的同时,可有效缓解喷淋水的结垢现象,以解决纺织企业因水垢沉积而造成的运行管理困难的问题。     

纺织空调双喷淋室应用及节能分析

探讨在细纱车间采用加装辅助喷淋室的双喷淋室空气处理方法,以增加空调效果,降低车间温度。理论分析和计算可知,在夏季采用辅助喷淋室对细纱、集聚纺等车间高温工艺排风进行预处理后再回用,可比直接回用和外排降低空调处理过程制冷量38%～40%。通过实例检测,在采用相同供水温度和供水量的情况下,采用双喷淋室处理空气,利用主空调室的排水在辅助喷淋室处理工艺排风,可以降低主空调室送风露点温度3℃以上,降低车间温度2.5℃～3℃,并可减少深井水用量15%。认为:节能降温效果明显。     

新型纺织空调喷淋室的设计与应用

探讨新型纺织空调喷淋室的设计及应用效果.通过分析目前常用喷淋室的结构及缺陷,设计了新型纺织空调喷淋室.新型纺织空调喷淋室由两排至五排喷淋排管构成,并按照一定方式组合使用.通过喷淋室高密度水雾横喷、逆喷等方法,可以提高空气与水热湿交换效率及空气质量.以五排喷淋排管喷淋室为例对比说明:五排喷淋排管喷淋室能够实现冷却、加湿等多种功能,同时高效环保,是一种理想的纺织空调喷淋室.     

空调供水系统节水改造的几项措施

我公司现有空调室24个,空调供水系统是将深井水利用水泵供入1 000 m~3大型循环水池,再用22 kW IS150-125-350A型循环水泵加压,分别供入空调室作为空调补充水,多余的水经空调室溢流口进入空调回水管道,再进入循环水池.该供水系统存在以下问题:     

纺织厂空调室布置对节能效果的影响

探讨纺织厂空调室布置对节能效果的影响。以某纺织厂细纱车间空调室为例,采用实际测试的方法,发现该细纱车间仿洛瓦空调室存在空气流道阻力大、风机效率低、挡水板过水量大、热湿交换效率低等问题,并分析了产生这些问题的原因。提出了减少流道涡流阻力、将空调喷淋段由2.75 m增加到5.5 m、改单级喷淋为双级喷淋等三项改进措施。措施实施后,可缓解空调室挡水板过水现象、改善送风质量,降低空气流道阻力合计59.5 Pa,减少空调消耗冷源水量22.3%,年节约水电费81.52万元。认为:空调室布置时要对流道阻力、热湿交换效率和空调空气质量等综合考量,通过优化设计,可以实现节能降耗。     

再生纤维造纸废水物化除钙试验

通过正交试验筛出钙离子去除实验中最佳组合药剂,并考察单一因素对试验的影响,最终确定试验方案.调解废水pH值确定为10左右,以25r/min搅拌3min,加入PAFC作为混凝剂,投加量为25mg/L,并投加阳性助凝剂PAM,投加量为6mg/L,此时控制转速在15r/min,搅拌时间控制在5min,搅拌完毕静置10min后...     

臭氧水喷淋对贮藏过程中冷鲜牛肉品质的影响

为研究臭氧水喷淋对冷鲜牛肉品质的影响,对臭氧水喷淋冷鲜牛肉贮藏过程中pH值、挥发性盐基氮、色度(L*、a*和b*值)、感官品质变化规律进行研究。结果表明:臭氧喷淋对冷鲜牛肉pH值影响不显著;挥发性盐基氮显著降低(P<0.05);L*值在臭氧喷淋后4d降低,其余时间无显著差异(P>0.05);a*值从第8天开始高于对照组;b*值无明显影响;延缓了不良感官品质出现时间。可见,臭氧喷淋可延长冷鲜牛肉货架期。     

前纺梳并粗空调室改造的效果分析

一、空调室改造前概况我厂纺一分厂有环纺六万余枚纱绽,封闭厂房设计.楼上为后纺车间,楼下为梳、并、粗车间,梳、并、粗车间有空调两套,分别布置在东、西两侧附房内.空调室配FZ-40-~#16轴流风机,喷淋室为仿罗瓦设计,两级两排喷淋,由ZB-80泵两台供水.自1986年投入运行以来,西侧空调室供风区域、温湿度正常,能满足车间生产要求,车间工人反映较好.而东侧空调室供风区域,温湿度很不理想,高温季节梳棉间温度高达37.5℃(1992年7月24日12时记录),相对湿度低达40%(1992年5月9日8时记录).且车间温湿度差异较大,直接影响了半制品的质量,给车间生产带来一定困难,也影响了职工的身体健康.1988年春增加一台ZB-100泵,试图提高水汽比来达到降温给湿的目的,但收效甚微.二、改造内容调查分析,该空调喷淋室截面积较小,仅有5.95平米,喷淋室空气流动速度较快,达6.16米/秒,热湿交换不充分,露点饱和程度低.经实地观察,该空调喷淋室上部有一粗纱地吸排入的二次回风道,多年来弃之未用,后因地制宜将该喷淋室顶部水泥板拆除,使喷淋室的高度由1.63米提高到2.73米,喷淋     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.