6-苄氨基嘌呤、 2,4-二氯笨氧乙酸对微绿球藻生长与代谢的影响

研究了不同浓度的植物生长物质 ,即 6 苄氨基嘌呤 (6 BA)、2 ,4 二氯笨氧乙酸 (2 ,4 D)对微绿球藻Nannochlorisoculata的生长和代谢影响 ,结果表明 :6 BA和 2 ,4 D在 0 1～ 1 0mg·L 1的实验浓度范围内 ,对微绿球藻的生长、干重、叶绿素a含量、光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度都有一定的促进作用 ,可作为微绿球藻的生长调节剂。6 BA的最佳质量浓度为 0 5mg·L 1;2 ,4 D的最佳质量浓度为 4 0mg·L 1。     

Fatty Acid Composition Analyses of the DCMU Resistant Mutants of Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae)

1　Introduction　Nannochloropsissp .areoneofpotentialsourcesofpolyunsaturatedfattyacids ,especiallytheeicosapen taentaenoicacid (EPA ,C2 0∶5 ) ,whichisimportantforbothanimalsandhumans .　Thefattyacidcompositionofthisalgaisaffectedbyvariousenvironmentalfactors ,suchaslightintensity(Sukeniketal.,1989;Sukeniketal.,1990 ) ,imply ingthatafactorinfluencingthephotosyntheticprocessmayaffectcellularfattyacidsynthesisandtheirmetabolism .AselectionprogramofincreasingcellularEPAcontenthasbeencarriedo…     

2005-2008年中国耕地变化对区域生产潜力的影响

我国人多地少,粮食安全问题一直是国家关注的头等大事。而耕地资源与粮食生产能力是保障粮食安全的基础,因此,研究中国耕地变化对区域生产潜力产量的影响具有重大的现实意义,可以为国家相关决策提供科学依据。本研究基于2005-2008年最新的气象观测数据和卫星反演数据,并结合2005、2008年耕地数据及其变化数据,从耕地资源的数量变化与质量特征两方面,研究2005-2008年耕地变化对我国全境内光温生产潜力的影响。研究结果显示:在耕地的变化过程中,光温生产潜力增加区与减少区产量变化不对等:增加区增加785.14万t,减少区减少2543.61万t,净减少1758.47万t;增加区与减少区光温生产潜力单产不对等:增加区平均光温生产潜力单产为11.89t/hm²,减少区平均光温生产潜力单产为20.99t/hm²,后者约为前者的2倍;增加区与减少区空间分布不同:增加区主要分布在新疆、黑龙江、内蒙古、宁夏、青海等西北、东北地区,生态用地开垦是其增加的主要原因,占77.25%,减少区主要分布在江苏、安徽、山东、广东等黄淮海平原、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲地区,建设用地占用耕地是其减少的主要原因,占69.20%。     

Response of biomass spatial pattern of alpine vegetation to climate change in permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Alpine ecosystems in permafrost region are extremely sensitive to climate changes.To determine spatial pattern variations in alpine meadow and alpine steppe biomass dynamics in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,calibrated with historical datasets of above-ground biomass production within the permafrost region's two main ecosystems,an ecosystem-biomass model was developed by employing empirical spatialdistribution models of the study region's precipitation,air temperature and soil temperature.This model was then successfully used to simulate the spatio-temporal variations in annual alpine ecosystem biomass production under climate change.For a 0.44°C decade-1 rise in air temperature,the model predicted that the biomasses of alpine meadow and alpine steppe remained roughly the same if annual precipitation increased by 8 mm per decade-1,but the biomasses were decreased by 2.7% and 2.4%,respectively if precipitation was constant.For a 2.2°C decade-1 rise in air temperature coupled with a 12 mm decade-1 rise in precipitation,the model predicted that the biomass of alpine meadow was unchanged or slightly increased,while that of alpine steppe was increased by 5.2%.However,in the absence of any rise in precipitation,the model predicted 6.8% and 4.6% declines in alpine meadow and alpine steppe biomasses,respectively.The response of alpine steppe biomass to the rising air temperatures and precipitation was significantly lesser and greater,respectively than that of alpine meadow biomass.A better understanding of the difference in alpine ecosystem biomass production under climate change is greatly significant with respect to the influence of climate change on the carbon and water cycles in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

Characteristics of Light Transmission in Summer and Winter and Its Relation on Sediment Transport in the East China Sea

Light transmission data collected from June to July 1987 and from February to March 1997 by the R/V Kexue 1 in the East China Sea were used to analyze its distribution characteristics and its relation to the sediment transport in this sea. Some results obtained were: (1) The Taiwan Warm Current flowing northwards seemed to be a barrier preventing suspended matter discharged from the Changjiang River Estuary from continuously moving southeastward and causing the suspended matter to flow along a path near 123°30′E in summer and 123°00′E in winter. (2) Suspended matter in the area adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary could not be transported southward along the coast in summer due to opposing offshore currents including the Taiwan Warm Current flowing northward and the Changjiang Diluted Water turning northeastward. (3) The thermocline and temperature front bar suspended matter from crossing through.     

Changes in the Chemical Components of Light Crude Oil During Simulated Short Term Weathering

To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling ques-tions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment,n-alkanes less than n-C12,toluene and 1,3-dimethyl ben-zene are lost after 1 d weathering,the n-C13,n-C14,naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering,and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d,the ratio pristine/phytane can not pro-vide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes(m/z 191) as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.     

Changes in the Chemical Components of Light Crude Off During Simulated Short Term Weathering

To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling questions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment,n-alkanes less than n-C12,toluene and 1,3-dimethyl benzene are lost after 1 d weathering,the n-C13,n-C14,naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering,and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d,the ratio pristine/phytane can not provide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes（m/z 191） as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.     

全球海洋初级生产力时空异常变化对ENSO事件的响应

海洋初级生产力在海洋环境要素的驱动下,在不同海域呈现出不同的时空变化特征,这种时空演变特征在不同的ENSO事件类型下差异更为显著。本文基于1998年1月至2017年12月全球海洋初级生产力的卫星遥感数据集,通过改进海洋时空双约束聚类挖掘方法,挖掘了近20年海洋初级生产力的时空聚簇模式,并从时空分布和空间移动2个方面对比分析了海洋初级生产力时空演变簇与ENSO（El Niño-Southern Oscillation）事件之间的关系。结果表明：① 在EP（Eastern-Pacific）型El Niño事件期间,海洋初级生产力异常低值时空簇主要分布在赤道太平洋东部或中东部海域,异常高值时空簇主要分布在西太平洋和南太平洋中部海域;在CP（Central-Pacific）型El Niño事件期间,异常低值时空簇分布在太平洋中部,而异常高值时空簇分布在南太平洋与西太平洋海域;② 在EP型La Niña事件期间,赤道太平洋中部及东部、赤道大西洋与印度洋海域出现异常高值时空簇,南太平洋中东部海域出现异常低值时空簇;在CP型La Niña事件期间,赤道太平洋中部出现异常高值时空簇;南太平洋中西部海域出现异常低值时空簇;③ 发生在赤道太平洋的海洋初级生产力时空演变簇,在EP型ENSO事件期间具有东移特征,而在CP型ENSO事件期间,时空演变簇在赤道太平洋中部海域产生并消亡;④ ENSO事件中海洋初级生产力时空演变簇面积与MEI具有较强相关性。     

基于夜间灯光数据的西南地区县域旅游多维减贫效应时空变化研究

旅游发展是消除贫困的重要途径之一,从多维贫困视角对旅游减贫进行研究具有重要意义。以脱贫摘帽的西南地区国家级贫困县为研究案例,引入NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据测度多维贫困,并使用地理加权回归方法分析2012—2019年旅游发展的多维减贫效应。结果表明:(1) 2012—2019年,西南地区贫困县旅游发展水平不断提高,呈现“东高西低”的空间格局,旅游发展的区域差异不断缩小;(2) 2012年以来,西南地区贫困县多维贫困日趋改善;空间分布上,多维贫困程度自西向东逐渐降低,空间差异趋于缩小;(3)西南地区贫困县旅游发展能够缓解包括经济、教育、医疗和社会保障等方面的多维贫困,旅游多维减贫效应具有明显的空间异质性,川东、川北和滇东南地区贫困县的旅游减贫强度较高,滇西、渝东南和黔西地区旅游减贫强度较低;(4)旅游减贫强度主要受到旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平和交通区位条件的影响,影响因素通过旅游资源开发、强化旅游产业支撑和提高旅游通达性等途径改善贫困地区的经济、教育、医疗和社会保障水平,实现旅游发展的多维减贫。旅游减贫的发展需要结合贫困地区实际情况考虑,提高旅游产品竞争力,完善配套设施建设,改善交通运...     

基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像的中国东部沿海地区城市扩展动态监测

美国国防气象卫星搭载的业务性线性传感器（DMSP/OLS）所获取的夜间灯光影像数据,能够客观地反映人类对城市建成区的开发建设范围与强度,已广泛地应用于城市扩展的动态监测。本文利用不变目标区域法对长时间序列DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像进行辐射校正,基于校正后的影像对2001-2013年中国东部沿海地区的城市建成区范围进行提取,结果表明：① 建成区面积从2001年的7550 km²,增加到2013年的21 650 km²,共扩展了14 100 km²,虽然建成区面积呈逐年增加的趋势,但其扩展速率则在逐步减缓,城市重心逐渐向南转移;② 在空间上形成了京津唐、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲3城市群,研究发现京津唐的中小城市面临难以获得发展资源的问题,导致了该地区发展的不平衡;③ 综合分析建成区扩展和经济统计数据,结果表明人口和经济是建成区扩展的主要驱动因子,但同时城市快速扩展也给东部沿海地区带来了一定程度的用地浪费问题;④ 由于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像受到自身空间分辨率的限制和灯光过饱和的影响,易造成城市建成区边缘细节部分的错提。新一代Suomi NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光影像在空间和光谱分辨率上均有较大提高,在后续的研究中应充分挖掘其数据优势,以期提供更加精准的城市扩展动态监测。     

Clipping Alters the Response of Biomass Production to Experimental Warming: A Case Study in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,China

Predicting how human activity will influence the response of alpine grasslands to future warming has many uncertainties.In this study, a field experiment with controlled warming and clipping was conducted in an alpine meadow at three elevations(4313 m, 4513 m and 4693 m) in Northern Tibet to test the hypothesis that clipping would alter warming effect on biomass production.Open top chambers(OTCs) were used to increase temperature since July,2008 and the OTCs increased air temperature by approximately 0.9o C ~ 1.8o C during the growing in2012.Clipping was conducted three times one year during growing season and the aboveground parts of all live plants were clipped to approximately 0.01 m in height using scissors since 2009.Gross primary production(GPP) was calculated from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP algorithm and aboveground plant production was estimated using the surface-measured normalized difference vegetation index in 2012.Warming decreased the GPP, aboveground biomass(AGB) and aboveground net primary production(ANPP) at all three elevations when clipping was not applied.In contrast, warming increased AGB at all three elevations, GPP at the two lower elevations and ANPP at the two higher elevations when clipping was applied.These findings show that clipping reduced the negative effect of warming on GPP, AGB and ANPP, suggesting that clipping may reduce the effect of climate warming on GPP, AGB and ANPP in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, and therefore, may be a viable strategy for mitigating the effects of climate change on grazing and animal husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau.     

1992—2017年基于夜光遥感的中亚社会经济发展时空特征分析

中亚各国自独立以来,先后经历了政治经济改革、俄罗斯金融危机、全球金融危机、国际原料价格浮动等多次重大事件。为研究中亚地区1992—2017年近30年的社会经济发展变化,以DMSP/OLS、NPP/VIIRS夜光数据以及年鉴数据为数据源,采用夜光总量（SNL）、夜光增长率（PNLG）等指数并结合社会经济参量对中亚社会经济的时空动态发展过程及驱动因子进行分析,研究结果表明：① 夜光可较好的反映中亚国家社会经济发展的时空变化,且夜光对社会经济发展变化的反映较GDP等社会经济参量更直观更敏感;② 独立初期的社会经济改革对中亚地区影响大、范围广,仅土库曼斯坦夜光总量（SNL）增长4.5%,其他各国夜光总量（SNL）均有下滑;③ 20世纪以来的中亚国家由于基础条件、资源禀赋等的差异,各国间差距逐渐拉大,抗风险能力差异大。如全球金融危机（2008年）对塔吉克斯坦影响最大（PNLG=-36.4%）,哈萨克斯坦影响最小（PNLG=-3.6%）;④ 中亚国家易受国际能源市场价格的影响尤其是油气价格增长。通过夜光对中亚社会经济的研究分析,能为中亚区域安全保障以及“一带一路”倡议的实施提供决策参考。     

轻小型无人机遥感组网飞行的高程安全监测冗余 容错算法研究

针对轻小型无人机遥感组网飞行的高程安全要求,本文设计了基于INS/GPS/气压计的多源信息冗余容错测量方案。通过分析轻小型无人机遥感组网应用时复杂多变的工作环境对可靠性与容错能力的要求,采用了联邦滤波算法进行多传感器冗余信息融合。本文分析了联邦滤波结构及算法,通过计算得出了系统容错性好以及滤波精度高的信息分配系数取值原则,并在此基础上提出一种基于故障特征信息熵的Pignistic概率转换容错信息分配方法。该算法可得到清晰准确的故障概率分布,根据此概率分布运用信息熵来确定系统故障概率,进而结合信息分配系数的取值原则得出组合测量系统各个子系统的权重比。通过算例仿真验证了不同信息分配系数主要影响子系统的估计误差和容错性能,而对联邦主滤波器的融合估计误差影响较小,说明了本文的容错信息分配方法能够为各子系统分量提供可靠的分配系数。在旋翼无人机平台上的定高悬停实验证明了该方法能将无人机高程误差减小为传统联邦滤波算法的四分之一,进一步说明了该方法能提高无人机高程安全监测系统的精度及容错性。     

森林生物量遥感估算与应用分析

遥感图像光谱信息具有良好的综合性和现势性,利用遥感信息和GIS技术进行森林生物量估算及碳过程的研究已经成为一种全新的手段。本文对森林生物量遥感估算方法及其应用进行了深入分析,总结了利用遥感信息进行森林生物量估算的四种主要方法:遥感信息参数与生物量拟合关系的方法、遥感数据与过程模型融合的方法、基准样地法(KNN方法)以及人工神经网络模型方法,并在此基础上分析了当前该领域研究的不足,以及今后利用遥感方法进行森林生物量估算的主要发展方向。     

RESPONSE OF THE OCEAN UPPER MIXED LAYER TO ATMOSPHERIC FORCING

Using a one-dimension Turbulence Kinetic Energy(TKE)mixed layer model based on a simple eddyKinetic energy parameterization of the ocean upper mixed layer,some numerical examinations are intro- duced in this paper.These examination results show that the TKE ocean mixed layer model can respondwell to the effect of atmospheric forcing on the ocean upper mixed layer.The joint effect of wind stressand heat exchange on the ocean upper layer has nonlinear characteristics.The adjustment time of the re-sponse of the ocean upper mixed layer to the atmospheric forcing is about 12 hours in this model.     

夜间灯光数据表征的区域经济发展水平对老年人高血压与Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率分布的影响

区域社会经济发展程度与老年慢性病患病率有着极强的正相关关系,而夜间灯光强度是区域经济发展程度的直接反征;因此,使用夜间灯光数据进行老年慢性病研究具有重要的现实意义。本文以湖南省常宁市为研究对象,结合珞珈一号夜间灯光数据和研究区各乡镇老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率统计数据,对常宁市26个乡镇单位老年高血压和Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率的分布特征差异进行了分析,进而通过建立模型模拟了研究区2种老年慢性病患病率的空间分布。研究结果表明:① 研究区夜间灯光均值与老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率的相关性都强于夜间灯光总量,且老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率与夜间灯光强度之间的关系要强于老年高血压患病率;② 对于同种慢性病患病率的分布,夜间灯光均值的影响要大于夜间灯光总量,且夜间灯光总量和均值对糖尿病患病率分布的影响均大于老年高血压患病率;③ 居住在高夜间灯光均值地区的老年人患高血压的风险是低夜间灯光均值地区的6.493倍,患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险为8.556倍;④研究区老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病与夜间灯光均值的一元线性拟合模型精度较高,可以较为精确地在模拟研究区老年高血压和Ⅱ型糖尿病的患病率的空间分布。该研究成果可为夜间灯光数据在疾病研究中的应用和区域性老年人高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病原因分析,及相似病种患病情况的调査和预测提供参考。     

整合DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据的长江三角洲城市格局时空演化研究

本文基于1992-2012年DMSP/OLS和2012-2018年NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据,对长江三角洲城市群时空演化格局进行监测.考虑到不同卫星夜间灯光遥感数据之间的不一致性以及城市核心区亮度过饱和问题,对DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS数据进行连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正,构建长江三角洲区域19...     

乌什体应变的气压响应特征分析

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