1995年兵库县南部地震主震震源的再确定

前言１９９５年１月１７日发生了兵库县南部地震。在气象厅（１９９５）公布震源以后,气象厅（１９９５）和京都大学防灾研究所（１９９６）又分别公布了各自修定的震源结果。但仍存在两个单位在震源附近没有或很少有观测点,而且观测点的方位偏向一边,不均匀,同时由于...     

1995年1月17日日本兵库县南部地震概况综述

１９９５年１月１７日,强烈的日本兵库县南部地震袭击了日本近畿地方的广大地区,这次灾难性的地震是半个世纪以来在日本发生的规模最大的一次内陆地震,它使日本遭受了一次出乎意料的严重破坏,打破了“日本安全”的神话,将对今后的地震预报和防灾对策研究产生重大的影响,因此,这次地震引起了日本和世界各国的极大关注。本文将对这次地震作一综合介绍。     

1995年1月17日兵库县南部地震的震源机制

兵库县南部地震于１９９５年１月１７日５时４６分（ＪＳＴ;ＪＳＴ＝ＧＭＴ＋９ｈ）发生在兵库县南部的活动断层上,对几个城市尤其是神户造成了严重的破坏。我们通过对宽频带及强地面运动地震图的分析确定了本次地震的震源机制及大小（地震矩和震级）。由长周期矩心矩和量反演的震源机制是,走向、倾角、滑动角分别为２３３°,８３°,１６９°,补偿线性偶极向量分量小（１．５％）,Ｍ０＝３．０×１０＾１９Ｎｍ,Ｍｗ＝６．９     

1995年1月17日日本兵库县南部7.2级地震的特征

叙述了１９９５年１月１７日发生在日本兵库县南部７．２级地震的主震和余震分布、发震断层、震前的空区现象、震源机制解及区域应力场等特征，并对该次地震的发生与周围地体应力环境的关系等问题进行了探讨。     

场地土对地震波的放大效应

基于几次大地震现象的启迪，分析在盆地效应的作用下，墨西哥城具特殊工程地质性质的软土，放大地震波，增强地震烈度，加重地震灾害。指出强震区场地土条件对地震动特性的影响可导致地基土的卓越周期与建筑物的自振周期产生共振，这一效应使自振周期较长的工程结构在地震力的作用下破损并导致建筑物彻底毁坏。研究震区盆地效应是服务于工程抗震工作的重要方面。     

场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应研究

本文利用虚功原理,建立了场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应分析模型,用弹性地基梁来模拟地下管道,并考虑了土的非线性约束作用、管道的初始变形、液化区长度、管道的初始轴力等的影响。采用非线性增量有限元法,对场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应进行了研究,给出了部分计算结果。     

不均匀场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应研究

本文采用非线性增量有限元迭代法,对不均匀场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应进行了研究,考虑了液化土3种不均匀的情况,给出了一些计算结果。     

液化土中管道上浮反应的影响因素研究

本文在以前研究的基础上,对场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮的影响因素进行了较为全面的研究,包括液化土的弹簧刚度、管道的初始变形、液化区长度、管道的初始轴力、管道材料、管道半径等的影响.得到了一些有益的结论.     

Identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties during the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake

An extended Kalman filter algorithm with local iteration is presented for the identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties. Borehole-array strong motions were recorded at a liquefied site during the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. In this study, a modified Kalman filtering method in which the extended Kalman filter is iteratively used at every local time-step to track rapid parameter changes is proposed. The method is then applied to the instrumented soil layer, which is modeled by an equivalent linear model. An identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties was conducted successfully; and non-linear restoring force–displacement relationships including progression with time were obtained.     

集集地震地震动频谱参数研究

地震动的频谱特征是影响结构动力反应的重要因素。以集集地震动记录为数据基础,对反映地震动频谱特征的4个参数周期(反应谱卓越周期Tp,平滑化反应谱卓越周期To,傅氏幅值谱平均周期Tm和反应谱特征周期Tg)进行了研究。依据理论模型,经非线性回归分析,给出了不同场地上地震动各周期分量随断层距变化的经验公式。结果表明,不同的频谱参数周期反映地震动不同的频谱特征;同一场地上各周期随断层距的增大而增大;To和Tm具有较好的可估性。     

Nonlinear response of surface soil and NTT building due to soil–structure interaction during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake

The 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake brought about enormous damage to structures in the Hanshin and Awaji areas. In this paper the importance of investigating the relationship between ground motion and structural damage is pointed out.

Strong seismic motion was observed at the NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) Building during this earthquake. The structural damage to this building was relatively slight. In order to evaluate the relationship between ground motion and structural damage, it is necessary to assess the effects of the soil–structure interaction. In this study, the seismic response of the building and of the surface soil were evaluated by means of a nonlinear soil–structure interaction analysis using FEM.

It was found that, the nonlinearity of surface soil near the building had a great effect on the soil–structure interaction, especially the rocking of the building.     

砂土地震液化危害及地基处理研究

砂土在地震荷载作用下极易发生液化，液化土地基对建筑物造成的危害不可忽视。分析了液化的机理、影响因素及现行的研究、处理方法。通过实例说明：CFG桩和碎石桩共用，对处理内蒙古地区砂土液化，具有明显的抗液化效果。最后，提出CFG桩和碎石桩抗液化需进一步研究的问题。     

基于液化流动模型的尾矿坝地震响应分析

针对传统等效线性法对尾矿坝地震响应分析结果与实际情况存在一定的出入的问题,通过振动台模型试验和数值计算结果比对验证数值计算方法的可行性,运用考虑液化后尾矿砂流动特性的孔压上升模型,基于完全非线性动力分析方法,对尾矿坝地震响应进行分析计算,通过对坝顶位移和加速度的监测结果进行分析,得出坝顶的加速度放大系数以及坝顶位移最大值;并由坝体水平方向位移云图、竖直方向位移云图及位移矢量图,判断可能发生局部滑坡的位置;对坝体内液化情况进行判定,得到尾矿坝的地震响应规律,为尾矿坝抗震设计提供一定的理论参考.     

Simultaneous identification of time and space variant dynamic soil properties during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake

Time and space variant soil properties at a liquefied site were simultaneously identified in the time domain by using borehole array strong motion records. During soil liquefaction at a site, soils usually show a wide variety of non-linear behavior along the depth as well as non-stationary behavior. Strong ground motion records were obtained at Port Island borehole array observatory, Kobe, during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. In this study, the instrumented soil was modeled by the equivalent linear MDOF system, and an extended Kalman filter with local iteration was employed for the identification of the soils. The identification process was successfully conducted, and the stress–strain relationships of the soils at the liquefied site were obtained from different depths all at once.