醋酸纤维素/聚碳酸亚丙酯复合膜的制备与性能

通过溶液共混法制备了醋酸纤维素(CA)/聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)复合膜,研究了其透光性、力学性能、热稳定性和降解性能。结果表明:CA的加入会导致复合膜透明性降低,但因CA与PPC具有较好的相容性,其力学性能、热稳定性、亲水性和自然降解能力显著提高。当添加15%CA时,复合膜的拉伸强度最大,为24. 2 MPa,与纯PPC相比,提高了137%。同时,复合膜保持良好的韧性和延展性,其断裂伸长率可达624%。随着CA添加量的增加,复合膜热稳定性、亲水性和降解性大幅提高。当添加30%CA时,复合膜热失重温度T5%和Tmax分别为261. 6和290. 2℃,比纯PPC提高了约40℃;与水的接触角为71. 7°,比纯PPC降低了22. 2°;降解90 d后,复合膜的质量保持率仅为36. 3%。     

纳米纤维素/壳聚糖/明胶复合膜的制备及其性能研究

以明胶（Gel）、壳聚糖（CS）、纳米纤维素（NCC）为原料,采用溶液共混法制备了不同NCC和CS质量比的纳米纤维素/壳聚糖/明胶复合膜。采用紫外-可见分光光度计、扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、热分析仪（TGA）和质构仪对所制备复合膜的透光性能、显微结构、化学结构、晶体结构、热学性能和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明：纳米纤维素、壳聚糖、明胶之间形成相互作用较强的网络结构。复合膜表面光滑,分散均匀,具有良好的相容性。随着纳米纤维素含量的增加,复合膜透光率呈下降的趋势。与壳聚糖膜相比,复合膜的热稳定性显著提高。当纳米纤维素与壳聚糖质量比为7：1时,复合膜拉伸强度最高可达到33 MPa,断裂伸长率可达到14.9%,吸水率最大值可达到341%。     

再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜制备及性能

以1-丁基-3甲基咪唑氯盐（[Bmim]Cl）为溶剂体系，通过微晶纤维素（MCC）溶解再生制备基膜，壳聚糖（CS）、银纳米线（AgNW）共混液包覆方法制备抗菌复合膜，通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和热重分析对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征及对力学、光学、阻隔、抑菌等性能测试分析。结果表明，壳聚糖和银纳米线成功复合于纤维素基膜，与再生纤维素膜相比，当AgNW质量分数为0.5%时，复合膜的拉伸强度提升了12.2%，透光率保持在89.82%，氧气透过率下降了86.7%，且对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用，制备出一种力学性能、光学性能、阻隔性能、抗菌性能优异的可降解纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜。     

壳聚糖/纳米纤维素/石墨烯改性纳米TiO2复合膜光催化降解性能

以氧化石墨烯改性纳米二氧化钛为光催化活性成分,通过流延成型法制备了壳聚糖/纳米纤维素/石墨烯改性纳米TiO₂光催化复合膜。利用热重分析仪(TG)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合膜的结构进行表征。研究了壳聚糖/纳米纤维素/改性纳米TiO₂复合膜的力学性能,对比了复合膜对亚甲基蓝及甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,改性纳米TiO₂的添加提高了壳聚糖复合膜的力学性能及耐热性能。改性纳米TiO₂质量分数为4%的复合膜抗拉强度最大,达到43 MPa。改性纳米TiO₂质量分数为2%的复合膜断裂伸长率最大为13.6%。在模拟溶液质量浓度为20 mg/L时,改性纳米TiO₂质量分数为2%的复合膜对亚甲基蓝降解率最大,为51.7%。改性纳米TiO₂质量分数为4%的复合膜对甲基橙降解率最大,为42.2%。模拟溶液初始浓度愈高,则复合膜对亚甲基蓝及甲基橙降解率均降低。     

纳米ZnO/纤维素纳米晶/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及性能

采用球磨法制备的纤维素纳米晶(CNC)及市售纳米ZnO对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行改性,改善了PVA膜的力学性能,并且,赋予其抗菌性,测试复合膜的力学性能、水蒸气透过性能及抗菌性能。结果表明,加入CNC后,提高了PVA膜的力学性能和阻湿性能,加入纳米ZnO后,复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定的抗菌性能,并且,能进一步提高复合膜的拉伸强度,但是,降低了复合膜的阻湿性能。当CNC的添加量为3%、纳米ZnO∶CNC=2∶1(摩尔比)时,复合膜综合性能较好,拉伸强度为73.7 MPa,与纯PVA膜相比,提高了77.2%;断裂伸长率为3.8%,与纯PVA膜相比,提高了46.1%;水蒸气透过系数为3.44×10^-13 g·cm/(cm²·s·Pa),与纯PVA膜相比,提高了11.7%。     

壳聚糖基聚电解质复合膜的制备及性能

为了克服壳聚糖薄膜力学强度差和在体液内降解太快的缺陷, 首先用"一步法"合成了—COOH含量及疏水性可控的苹果酸与乳酸共聚物(PML), 再将共聚物与壳聚糖(CS)复合, 通过溶液浇铸-挥发的方法制备改性复合薄膜。通过红外(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、力学性能测试、降解实验及体外细胞毒性实验等方法对复合膜进行分析, 研究L-苹果酸(MA)与D,L-乳酸(LA)的投料比(n_MA:n_LA)对复合膜性能的影响。结果显示:当n_MA:n_LA为1:1.5时, 该共聚物与CS的复合膜拉伸强度达到54.8MPa, 断裂伸长率为10.7%, 质量损失50%所需时间为28天, 细胞相对增殖率为98.7%。研究表明:通过共聚物与壳聚糖之间的聚电解质相互作用, 有效形成了结构均匀、性能改善的薄膜, 复合膜的柔韧性提高, 降解时间适当延长, 性能可由共聚物的投料比来调节。复合膜无细胞毒性, 生物相容性好, 作为手术后防组织粘连材料具有光明的应用前景。     

聚乳酸/乙基纤维素生物降解膜的制备及其性能

将聚乳酸(PLA)和乙基纤维素(EC)的三氯甲烷溶液采用溶液浇铸法成功制备了聚乳酸/乙基纤维素复合膜.用红外光谱(FTIR)表征了复合膜结构,并测试了其力学性能和共混物降解性能.FTIR测试结果显示:复合膜中存在强烈的氢键相互作用.力学测试结果表明:烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)对该复合膜具有良好的增塑效果.当膜中PLA质量分数w(PLA)≤37%时,PLA对复合膜起增强作用.随着EC含量的增加,共混物的亲水性增加,PLA/EC的降解速度增加.     

冷冻诱导相分离法制备CA/CS复合膜

以醋酸纤维素(CA)为过滤膜纤维基底层、壳聚糖(CS)为复合膜涂覆层,采用冷冻诱导相分离(CIPS)方法制备出底层纤维互相搭接,表层海绵多孔状结构的CA/CS复合膜。在CS铸膜液质量分数为3.5%条件下,采用直接液氮冷冻干燥的方式对复合膜进行处理,使得CS表层呈现出较多微米孔洞,截面厚度为1μm的层状叠加结构,其纯水通量可达1.01×104 L/(m2·h),对酸性蓝的过滤通量可达9.26×103 L/(m2·h),截留率为98.6%,其吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,且符合Langmuir单分子层吸附。实验分别考察了膜对酸性蓝、酸性黄、分散黄和分散蓝染料的平衡吸附量。结果显示,30 min时吸附基本趋于平衡,吸附量分别为92.10、89.09、85.03和79.62 mg/g。     

鱼鳞明胶/壳聚糖/薰衣草精油抗菌复合膜制备及性能

以鱼鳞明胶(SG)和壳聚糖(CS)为原料,薰衣草精油(LEO)为抗菌剂,通过共混法制备抗菌复合膜,通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和热重分析对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征及对力学、光学、阻隔、抑菌等性能测试分析。结果表明,LEO与SG/CS基膜较好复合,与SG/CS基膜相比,当LEO添加量为1%时,复合膜具有良好的力学强度(26.36 MPa),断裂伸长率提升了12.96%；透明度有所下降,透光率为70.50%；耐水性能和水蒸气阻隔性能显著增强,含水率、水溶性和水蒸汽透过率分别下降了22.48%、30.49%和26.03%；DPPH自由基清除率提高了247.88%,抗氧化性显著提高；同时对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑菌作用。     

交联壳聚糖/蒙脱土复合膜的制备及性能研究

以壳聚糖（CS）为基质材料，蒙脱土（MMT）为填料，采用戊二醛（GA）交联改性并结合溶液插层法制备了交联壳聚糖/蒙脱土（CS/GA/MMT）复合膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪及热重分析仪对复合膜的结构进行了表征，考察了MMT用量对复合膜的吸水性能、水蒸气阻隔性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，交联改性CS可提高CS膜的耐水性，CS/GA膜的吸水率较CS膜降低了9.6 %；MMT可提高复合膜的耐水性、水蒸气阻隔性能、力学性能和热稳定性；当MMT的用量为CS质量的5 %时，复合膜的各项性能较好，吸水率、水蒸气透过率和断裂伸长率较CS膜分别降低了37.3 %、36.7 %和41.9 %，且拉伸强度提高了160.5 %。     

Preparation and performance of three‐layered structure composite membrane for heavy metal ions and hazardous dyes rejection

A three‐layered structure composite membrane was successfully fabricated by electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA)/poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) fibrous layers and coating the chitosan (CS) solution on the CA/PHBV substrate as a barrier layer. For obtaining the proper mechanical property and high filtration performance, different content of glycerol was investigated to mix in CS coating solution. The ovalbumin tests showed that this triple‐structure type of filtration media exhibited a high flux rate (up to 730 L/m² h at the feed pressure of 0.15 MPa) and an excellent rejection rate (98%). The permeation flux of the membrane was significantly higher than other reported electrospun fiber membranes with similar rejection ratios. The CA/PHBV‐CS composite membrane was also used to remove disperse dye and metal ion for water purification. These prepared membranes exhibited efficient adsorption separation performance toward disperse yellow dye with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching up to 188.52 mg/g. The equilibrium absorption capacities of the three tested ions (Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III)) were 46.26, 88.31, and 190.14 mg/g, respectively. Consequently, these membranes can be promising materials in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E322–E329, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

添加剂改性玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜的制备与表征

采用流延法制备高含量玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）的Zein/壳聚糖（CS）复合膜，通过复合添加剂〔m(甘油)：m(聚乙二醇400)=1:1〕对Zein/CS复合膜共混改性，研究复合添加剂添加量（以总溶液质量计，分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%）对薄膜的力学、光学和热学性能等的影响，并通过SEM、FTIR对薄膜形貌和结构变化进行表征。结果表明，复合添加剂通过削弱Zein和CS之间的分子间作用力，达到增塑效果，薄膜综合机械性能有所改善，随着复合添加剂添加量的升高，薄膜断裂伸长率逐渐增强，拉伸强度呈下降再上升的趋势；水蒸气透过率逐渐增加，水接触角逐渐减小，薄膜亲水性随之增强。与不含复合添加剂的薄膜（ZC-0）相比，当复合添加剂添加量为1.5%时，复合膜（ZC-1.5）的抗拉强度降低了27.40%，断裂伸长率增长了39.87%，水蒸气透过率上升了29.10%。通过SEM和DSC观察，添加复合添加剂改性后，改善了Zein和CS之间的相容性，制备的薄膜表面更加平整光滑。综合性能可得，制备高含量Zein的Zein/CS复合膜，复合添加剂浓度为1.5%时，薄膜性能最优。并在含有1.5%复合添加剂的Zein/CS薄膜中添加了一定量的姜黄素，据测定其能够有效提高薄膜的抗氧化性能至55.18%。     

Preparation and characterization of PES/CA microporous membranes via reverse thermally induced phase separation process

The blend polyethersulfone (PES)/cellulose acetate (CA) flat‐sheet microporous membranes were prepared by reverse thermally induced phase separation (RTIPS) process. The effects of CA content and coagulation bath temperature on membrane structures and properties were investigated in terms of membrane morphology, water contact angle, permeation performance, and mechanical properties. The cloud point results indicated that the cloud point decreased with the increasing content of CA. When the coagulation bath temperature was lower than the cloud point, the membrane formation process underwent nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process and dense skin layer and finger‐like structure were formed in membranes. These membranes had lower pure water flux and poor mechanical properties. But when the coagulation bath temperature was higher than the cloud point, the membrane formation process underwent RTIPS process. The porous top surface as well as porous cross‐section of the membranes were formed. Therefore, high pure water flux and good mechanical properties were obtained. The contact angles results indicated that the hydrophilicity of the prepared membranes improved obviously with the addition of CA. When the content of CA was 0.5 wt% and the membrane formation temperature was 323K, the PES/CA microporous membrane which was prepared via the RTIPS process displayed a optimal permeability of the pure water flux of 816 L m^?2 h^?1 and the BSA rejection rate of 49.5%, which showed an increase of 48.9% and 23.6% than that of pure PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical strengths of the membranes obtained by RTIPS process were better than those membranes prepared by NIPS process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:180–191, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

酰胺化纳米晶纤维素提高乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物薄膜阻透性的研究

合成了三种酰胺化纳米晶纤维素,并采用溶液共混成膜法制备了酰胺化纳米晶纤维素（CNC）/乙烯醋酸乙烯醋共聚物(EVA)复合膜材料。通过紫外-可见分光光度计、电子万能试验机和透湿仪研究了酰胺化CNC/ EVA复合膜的光学性能、力学性能以及水蒸气阻隔性,并通过原子力显微镜研究热压处理的EVA复合膜的表面形貌。结果表明,添加三种不同碳链的酰胺化CNC都使 EVA膜的透光率有所降低,当添加量为5 %时,EVA膜透光率仍高达90%。一定程度的热压能够让酰胺化纳米晶纤维素在EVA基体中分散更均匀,使EVA复合膜的透光率提高了2%～3%;随着纳米晶纤维素含量的逐渐增加,三种酰胺化CNC/EVA膜的拉伸强度均逐渐增强,透湿率（WVTR值）均减小;酰胺化CNC含量相同时, 十六胺改性的纳米晶纤维素(CNC-N16)/EVA复合膜的力学性能和水蒸气阻隔效果优于相应的十二胺和正辛胺。     

Cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membranes reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals: Preparation and characterization

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used as a sustainable additive to improve the hydrophilicity, permeability, antifouling, and mechanical properties of blend membranes. Different CNC loadings (0–1.2 wt %) in cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were studied. The blend membranes were prepared by a phase‐inversion process, and their chemical structure and morphological properties were characterized by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, porosity, and mean pore size and contact angle measurement. The blend membranes became more porous and more interconnected after the addition of CNCs. The thickness of the top layer decreased and a few large holes in the porous substrate appeared with increasing CNC loading. In comparison with the pure CA membranes, the pure water flux of the blend membranes increased with increasing CNC loading. It reaches a maximum value of 76 L m^?2 h^?1 when the CNC loading was 0.5 wt %. The antifouling properties of the CA membrane were significantly improved after the addition of CNCs, and the flux recovery ratio value increased to 68% with the addition of 0.5 wt % CNCs. In comparison with that of the pure CA membranes, the tensile strength of the composite membranes increased by 47%. This study demonstrated the importance of using sustainable CNCs to achieve great improvements in the physical and chemical performance of CA ultrafiltration membranes and provided an efficient method for preparing high‐performance membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43946.     

磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺/醋酸纤维素复合膜的合成及其导电性能

以苯胺作为导电聚合物单体,以普通高分子如醋酸纤维素作为成膜材料,以磷钨酸为掺杂剂制备二维聚苯胺/醋酸纤维素（PANI/CA）导电聚合物复合膜。利用红外和紫外光谱等测试手段对复合膜进行组成以及结构方面的表征。探索了导电聚合物复合膜制备的最佳工艺条件,并考察了复合膜的导电性。     

电纺及疏水改性制备CA/SiNPs-FAS超疏水复合膜及膜蒸馏脱盐研究

以1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮/丙酮为混合溶剂,无纺布为支撑层,采用静电纺丝技术与溶胶-凝胶方法,制备了醋酸纤维素/二氧化硅复合纳米纤维膜,并将其浸渍于全氟烷基硅烷/正己烷分散液中进行疏水化改性。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、孔径分析仪、接触角测量仪器等表征了改性前后复合膜表面形貌、官能团变化、孔径分布及润湿性等膜性能参数并将其应用于连续性直接接触式膜蒸馏盐浓缩过程。结果表明,静电纺丝复合膜呈三维空间网状结构,且利用正硅酸乙酯生成的纳米二氧化硅颗粒内陷于醋酸纤维素纤维内部形成微米-纳米梯级分布。经全氟烷基硅烷修饰后,红外特征峰明显,复合膜水接触角最高可达156°,且对质量分数为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠液滴也同时展示出优良的抗润湿性能（接触角125°）。以60℃、35 g·L^-1的NaCl溶液为进料液进行持续性直接接触式膜蒸馏脱盐实验,当渗透温度为20℃时,各复合膜盐截留率均能达到99.99%以上,其中,CA/SiNPs-FAS膜通量可稳定在11.2 kg·（m²·h）^-1。     

Preparation and properties of chitosan/acidified attapulgite composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications

A composite proton exchange membrane chitosan (CS)/attapulgite (ATP) was prepared with the organic–inorganic compounding of ATP and CS. The composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties, thermal stability, water uptake, and proton conductivity of the composite membranes were fully investigated. The composite membranes exhibited an enhanced mechanical property, dimensional and thermal stability compared to CS membrane, owing to the interface interaction between ATP and CS. The maximum tensile strength of 53.1 MPa and decomposition temperature of 223.4°C was obtained, respectively. More importantly, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane is also enhanced, the composite membrane with 4 wt% ATP content (CS/ATP-4) exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 26.2 mS cm⁻¹ at 80°C with 100% relative humidity, which is 25.1% higher than pure CS membrane. These results may explore a simple and green strategy to prepare CS-based PEMs, which have a great potential in the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.     

Fabrication of cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membrane with diphenyl ketone via thermally induced phase separation

With diphenyl ketone as diluent, cellulose acetate (CA) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with a bicontinuous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. The liquid–liquid phase separation region of CA/diphenyl ketone system was measured and the maximum corresponding polymer concentration was approximately 53 wt %. The effects of polymer concentration, coarsening time and coarsening temperature on the morphologies, and mechanical properties of CA membranes were investigated systematically. As the polymer concentration increased from 15 to 30 wt %, the bicontinuous structure could be obtained and the tensile strength of CA membranes increased from 3.92 to 30.17 MPa. With the increase of coarsening time, the thickness of dense skin layer and the asymmetry of cross‐section reduced. However, excess coarsening rendered the membrane morphology evolved from a bicontinuous structure to a cellular structure. When the coarsening time was 5 min, the bicontinuous structure in cross‐section showed good interconnectivity and the dense skin layer exhibited a thin thickness of 2 μm. The fabricated CA hollow fiber UF membrane exhibited a high tensile strength of 31.00 MPa and rejection of 96.10% for dextran 20 kDa. It is indicated that diphenyl ketone is a competitive diluent to prepare CA membranes with excellent performance via TIPS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42669.