Preparation of doping titania antibacterial powder by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Doping titania powders were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from an aqueous solution containing H2TiF6 and AgNO3. The effects of the processing parameters on particle size distribution, structure, and morphology of doping particles were investigated. The results show that aggregation-free spherical particles with average diameter of 200-600 nm are obtained and the particle size of the powder can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of solution. The experimental approach indicates that the size and the value of standard deviation of particle size increase from 210 nm to 450 nm and from 0.46 to 0.73 respectively with the increase of the titanic ion concentration from 0.05 to 0.4 mol/L. Composite TiOF2 is obtained when the pyrolysis temperature is set to be 400 ℃. With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃, the crystal size of titania powders increases from 14.1 to 26.5 nm and TiOF2 content of powder decreases dramatically. The property of ion released from powder is affected significantly by the pyrolysis temperature, and the amount of fluorine ion and silver ion released from powder decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The optical property of doping titania powders is not affected by pyrolysis temperature. Antibacterial test results show that composite powders containing more fluorine ions exhibit stronger antibacterial activity against E.coli.     

喷雾热分解法制备超细银粉及其形貌控制

采用超声雾化热分解装置,对喷雾热分解法制备超细银粉进行了系统研究。考察了炉子温度、硝酸银水溶液浓度、超声雾化装置功率、硝酸银溶液及载气流量等因素对产物粒子形貌、粒度分布的控制行为。研究结果证实,喷雾热分解制备微米级球形金属银粉技术具有广泛应用前景。     

Deposition and characterization of alumina films produced by combustion flame pyrolysis

Alumina coatings have been deposited by combustion flame pyrolysis on amorphous silica and stainless steel substrates with the objective to study the effect of solvent composition, Fe³⁺ addition and determine the thermal fatigue lifetime. The effect of solvent composition on crystallinity, transformation temperature and hardness are studied, three different solvent compositions are chosen for preparing the aluminium nitrate solution. Using 100% water, as-deposited films are amorphous and transform to α-alumina only upon annealing, while this equilibrium phase is directly obtained but with a porous microstructure by using 100% methanol. The hardness of the coatings varies with the flammability of the solvents. The effect of Fe³⁺ addition on the crystallization of alumina is studied by combustion pyrolysis of aqueous solutions of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ nitrates. Small amount of ferric nitrate reduced the transformation temperature by 100 °C. Thermal cycling of as-deposited amorphous alumina on stainless steel substrate is carried out at different temperatures to determine the thermal fatigue lifetime.     

All spray pyrolysis deposited CdS sensitized ZnO films for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

Sensitized-type solar cells based on ZnO photoanode and CdS quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers have been fabricated. Both ZnO films and CdS QDs are prepared using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) deposition technique. This method allows a facile and rapid deposition and integration between CdS QDs and ZnO films without the need for post thermal treatment. The photovoltaic performances of the cells are investigated. The results show that the performance of the cell based on all USP deposited CdS sensitized ZnO photoanode achieves maximally a short circuit current density of 6.99 mA cm⁻² and a power conversion efficiency of 1.54%.     

Characterization of cobalt oxide thin films prepared by a facile spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer

Cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) thin films were prepared by a facile spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer from aqueous solution of hydrated cobalt chloride salt (CoCl₂·6H₂O) as source of cobalt. The films were deposited onto the amorphous glass substrates kept at different temperatures (300-500 °C). The influences of molar concentration of the starting solution and substrate temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of (Co₃O₄) thin films were studied. It was found from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that the films prepared with molar concentration greater than 0.025 M/L were polycrystalline spinel type cubic structure. The preferred orientation of the crystallites of these films changes gradually from (6 2 2) to (1 1 1) when the substrate temperature increases. By Raman spectroscopy, five Raman active modes characteristic of Co₃O₄ spinel type cubic structure were found and identified at 194, 484, 522, 620 and 691 cm⁻¹. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed micro porous structure with very fine grains less than 50 nm in diameter. These films exhibited also a transmittance value of about 70% in the visible and infra red range.     

Synthesis of spherical COA12O4 pigment particles with high reflectivity by polymeric-aerosol pyrolysis

Spherical cobalt blue particles with good reflectivity characteristics were synthesized by spray pyrolysis. Two different spray solutions were prepared to investigate the differences in the morphology and the reflectivity properties of cobalt blue particles. One was an aqueous solution, and the other was a polycation solution that was obtained by chemically modifying the aqueous solution with NH4OH. The cobalt blue particles prepared with the aqueous solution had an irregular morphology after heat treatment at 1000℃ for 2 h. On the contrary, spherical and dense particles were obtained from the polycation solution. The spherical and dense cobalt blue particles showed remarkable improvement in reflectivity compared with that of irregular morphology particles as well as the commercial.     

Synthesis of spherical CoAl_2O_4 pigment particles with high reflectivity by polymeric-aerosol pyrolysis

Spherical cobalt blue particles with good reflectivity characteristics were synthesized by spray pyrolysis. Two different spray solutions were prepared to investigate the differences in the morphology and the reflectivity properties of cobalt blue particles. One was an aqueous solution, and the other was a polycation solution that was obtained by chemically modifying the aqueous solution with NH4OH. The cobalt blue particles prepared with the aqueous solution had an irregular morphology after heat treatment at 1000°C for 2 h. On the contrary, spherical and dense particles were obtained from the polycation solution. The spherical and dense cobalt blue particles showed remarkable improvement in reflectivity compared with that of irregular morphology particles as well as the commercial.     

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α超细粉体的喷雾热分解法合成与电性能

用喷雾热分解法制备La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α(LSCF)超细粉体材料,用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究粉体的形貌与粒度,用X射线衍射仪研究粉体材料的晶相结构,通过能谱仪研究其元素组成和掺杂性能,用激光粒度分析仪分析粒度分布,并测试其电性能。结果表明:喷雾热分解法合成的LSCF粉体材料粒子呈球形,平均粒度3.13μm,超声喷雾在900℃热分解的产物能直接形成钙钛矿型晶相,且经过1 100℃处理后结晶度更完整;能谱仪分析显示喷雾热分解法直接制成的LSCF粉体掺杂均匀;粉体的粒度符合液滴粒子转变机理,即1个产物粒子由1个液滴形成;当加入乙醇时,粉体的粒度将减小,但加入尿素、硝酸铵和柠檬酸时其粒度增加。粉体的电导率峰值出现的位置为650℃。     

Characterization of ultrafine La x Sr1−x MnO3 powder prepared by spray pyrolysis

The characterization of La _x Sr_1−x MnO₃ powders produced by spray pyrolysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, specific surface area (Brunauer-Emett-Teller), and particle size distribution measurements shows that the resultant large particles are loose agglomerates consisting of many small particles. However, the sintered tiny particles can form hard agglomerates, and the particle size increases remarkably. The structures of the powders before and after sintering were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The study of the electrical property of the powder shows that the powder is a metallic conductor. In a reducing atmosphere, the powder can be decomposed. When the powder is cofired with yttria-stabilized zirconia 5% (YSZ) powder at 1200 °C for 5 h, no new phase is produced, and the powder remains a single provskite hexagonal-rhombohedral structure.     

Evaluation of coatings produced via kinetic and cold spray processes

An analysis of physical and mechanical properties of coatings produced by kinetic and cold spray processes is presented. Adhesion, hardnesses, porosities, critical velocities, and other properties of aluminum and copper coatings from both spray methods are analyzed and discussed, including scanning electron microscopy and optical micrographs. Similarities and differences between each of the coating methods and their effects on the resulting coatings are presented. A brief history and discussion of the bonding mechanisms for the larger particle coatings produced by the kinetic spray method is provided.     

Analysis of tantalum coatings produced by the kinetic spray process

Tantalum (Ta) coatings have been produced using a relatively new process, kinetic spray. Ta starting powders having particle diameters greater than 65 μm are injected into a de Laval-type nozzle, entrained in a supersonic gas stream, and accelerated to high velocities due to drag effects. The particles’ kinetic energy is transformed via plastic deformation into strain and heat on impact with the substrate surface. Particles are not thermally softened or melted, producing relatively low oxide, reduced residual stress, high adhesion and low porosity coatings. Analysis of the mechanical and physical properties of these Ta coatings demonstrated increasing hardness, cohesive adhesion, and decreasing porosity as a function of particle velocity. Comparison between kinetically sprayed coatings and coatings produced using conventional coating methods will be discussed.     

Age-hardening characteristic of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy produced by spray deposition

Al-10.8Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu alloy was synthesized by spray atomization and deposition technique. GP zones and age-hardening process in the alloy were investigated using high-resolution electron microscopy （HREM）, selected area diffraction （SAD）, and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis. The results indicated that spray deposition process accelerated the aging kinetics of the alloy at an aging temperature of 120℃, thereby reducing the peak aging time to 16 h. GPⅠ and GPⅡ are the two types of zones that are major precipitates for the alloy under peak-aged condition. The precipitation sequence for the alloy is also discussed.     

等离子喷涂成形钨喉衬的烧蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂成形结合热等静压技术制备内径8mm、长30mm、壁厚16.5mm的钨喉衬,测试喉衬在小型固体火箭发动机地面试车条件下的抗热震烧蚀性能.结果表明等离子喷涂成形钨喉衬为典型的柱状晶层片结构,致密度仅为85.6%;经二步热等静压处理后,喉衬样件仍为层片结构,层片间微观缝隙及大部分孔隙消失,致密度提高至96.7%;地面试车实验后,钨喉衬整体结构完好,未出现炸裂和破碎现象,具有良好的抗冲刷和耐烧蚀性能,其线烧蚀率仅为4μm/s.经SEM和XRD等检测发现,喉部以机械剥蚀为主,以熔化烧蚀及热化学烧蚀为辅,其烧蚀程度最为严重;收敛段为机械剥蚀和热化学烧蚀,其烧蚀程度次之;而扩散段则发生热化学烧蚀,其烧蚀程度最低.     

Characterization of copper layers produced by cold gas-dynamic spraying

The cold gas-dynamic spray method produces coatings or deposits by introducing solid feedstock particles into a supersonic gas stream developed through the use of a converging-diverging (de Laval) nozzle. The particles thus accelerated impact on a substrate surface and develop into a dense deposit through a process believed to be similar to cold compaction. The work reported here explores the internal nature and physical characteristics of copper deposits produced by the cold gas-dynamic spray method using two vastly different starting powders: in one case, a “spongy” copper obtained by a direct-reduction process, and in the second, a denser, more spheroidal particulate produced by gas atomization. Optical and electron microscopies (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) were used to observe details of microstructure in the feedstock particles and deposits. Young’s modulus and residual stress measurements for the deposits were obtained through mechanical means, and measurements of hardness and electrical conductivity are reported. The internal structure of the cold-spray deposit was influenced by the surface purity of the feedstock material.     

喷射成形Al-8.0Si-4.0Cu-0.5Mg合金的组织及性能

采用喷射成形技术制备了Al-8.0Si-4．0Cu-0．5Mg合金棒材,分析了该合金的组织,研究了台金成形过程中孔洞及疏松的形成情况,测量了合金的力学性能及摩擦性能。结果表明,喷射成形工艺制备的合金具有细小均匀的微观组织结构,固溶、时效处理能够得到良好的弥散强化,具有良好的性能。     

Pb-free glass frits prepared by spray pyrolysis as inorganic binders of Al electrodes in Si solar cells

Pb-free glass frits prepared by spray pyrolysis for Al electrodes were of fine size, spherical morphology and dense structure. Their mean size and geometric standard deviation when prepared at 1,200 °C were 1.0 μm and 1.4, respectively. Their glass transition temperature (T_g) was 374 °C. An Al electrode formed from Al paste with glass frits had a dense structure and good adhesion to the Si substrate. It had a well-developed back-surface field layer of 17.5 μm thickness. Al electrodes formed from Al paste without glass frits had sheet resistances between 21 and 32 mΩ sq⁻¹ as the firing temperature changed from 600 to 900 °C. This compared with values from electrodes formed with frits that decreased from 20 to 7 mΩ sq⁻¹ over the same range of firing temperatures.     

Surface roughness of thermal spray coatings made with off-normal spray angles

The formation of a thermal spray coating using an off-normal direction angle for the spray has been analyzed to identify the causes of the large surface roughness of the coating. In the analysis, the string method was used for modeling the formation of the coating. The method uses a string of equally spaced node points to define the shape of the coating surface and to track the change in this shape as the thermal spray mass is deposited. The method allows for the calculation of arbitrary shapes for the coating surface that may be very complex. The model simulates the stochastic deposition of a large number of thermal spray droplets. Experiments were carried out to obtain the data used in the model for the mass flux distribution on the target surface. The data show that when the thermal spray mass impinges on the target surface a large fraction of it, called overspray, splashes off the target and is redeposited with a small direction angle. This component of the deposited mass results in a large coating roughness.     

往复式喷射沉积管坯制备中喷射高度的闭环控制

分析了往复式喷射沉积制备大壁厚管坯的工艺原理,研究了喷嘴喷射高度在线检测及闭环控制方法及技术。喷射高度控制系统包括漏包提升执行机构、沉积层厚度在线测量、基于PLC的喷嘴高度控制。提升执行机构采用伺服电机驱动的丝杠螺母机构,针对沉积层间断增长的特点,采用间断提升控制方式;研究了沉积层厚度在线测量方法,分析了收集基底形状误差对测量及控制精度的影响并提出多点测量方案。理论分析表明,采用三点测量法可消减基底形状误差的影响。对不同内径及壁厚的管坯进行了喷射实验,喷射高度累积误差低于5%,较好地满足了大壁厚管坯制备对稳定的喷射高度的要求。     

Fabrication of dense BaMgAl10O17:Eu phosphor particles by spray pyrolysis

Dense BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ phosphor particles with a spherical shape have been synthesized through spray pyrolysis method by using a novel precursor solution. In order to fabricate dense phosphor particles, the spray solution was prepared by adding barium, magnesium and europium nitrates into the basic aluminum nitrate solution, which is synthesized from Al metal and aluminum nitrate. Also, the Al concentration in the spray solution was optimized on the basis of the relative density and the emission intensity of the obtained phosphor particles. Phosphor particles prepared from this spray solution have exhibited completely spherical shape and filled morphology, while that prepared from general nitrates precursor solution have had hollow and irregular structure. As the result, the prepared BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ phosphor particles have shown the stronger emission intensity compared to the commercial BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺.     

Preparation of thin film YSZ electrolyte by using electrostatic spray deposition

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin film was successfully deposited onto Ni–YSZ anode disk by the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique. To deposit a dense YSZ thin film onto porous Ni–YSZ substrate, the influence of process parameter variables were examined. The relationship between process parameters and morphologies of YSZ films coated by ESD was investigated by means of SEM photography and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result showed that dense YSZ film of average 10–15 μm thickness was deposited on the porous Ni–YSZ substrate with temperature of 400 °C, the precursor solution concentration of 0.05 M, nozzle-to-substrate distance of 30 mm, applied electric field of 18 kV, and deposition time of 90 min.