多层螺旋CT灌注成像对肝硬化的诊断价值

肝脏CT灌注成像是一种新兴功能成像技术,通过同层动态扫描获得多种灌注参数,对肝动脉和门静脉血流变化进行定量分析,进而反映肝硬化形成过程中的血流动力学改变。目前用于肝硬化诊断的传统CT扫描技术以反映解剖学形态为主,CT灌注成像技术在肝肿瘤中的研究较多,而对肝硬化发生过程中的血流变化研究较少,对肝硬化灌注参数的分析较零散。因此,本文对多层螺旋CT灌注成像技术在肝硬化血液动力学变化方面的研究作一综述。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在急性胰腺炎中的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)灌注成像在急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)中的应用价值.方法:收集南方医院影像中心60例AP患者的临床资料,按照《中国急性胰腺炎诊治指南规范》分为重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)30例(SAP组)和轻型急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)30例(MAP组),选取30例胰腺正常的健康志愿者作为对照组研究对象,所有患者均进行多层螺旋CT灌注扫描,比较3组患者胰腺CT灌注参数:血流速度(blood flow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、峰值时间(time to peak,TTP)、表面通透性(permeability surface,PS),以及MAP与SAP组患者临床观测指标(腹痛缓解时间及住院总时间).结果:MAP组与SAP组患者BF和BV水平均显著低于正常组[123.79 m L/(100 mg·min)±55.35 m L/(100 mg·min)vs 214.55 m L/(100m g·m i n)±98.41 m L/(100 m g·m i n),63.55m L/(100 mg·min)±36.76 m L/(100 mg·min)vs 214.55 m L/(100 mg·min)±98.41 m L/(100m g·m i n),11.35 m L/100 m g±5.45 m L/100mg vs 18.13 m L/100 mg±14.56 m L/100 mg,7.43 m L/100 mg±2.45 m L/100 mg vs 18.13m L/100 mg±14.56 m L/100 mg],PS水平显著高于正常组[26.84 m L/(100 mg·min)±10.33 m L/(100 m g·m i n)vs 16.48 m L/(100m g·m i n)±8.67 m L/(100 m g·m i n),35.66m L/(100 mg·min)±12.45 m L/(100 mg·min)vs 16.48 m L/(100 mg·min)±8.67 m L/(100m g·m i n)],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);S A P组患者B F和B V水平显著低于M A P组[63.55 m L/(100 m g·m i n)±36.76 m L/(100m g·m i n)v s 123.79 m L/(100 m g·m i n)±55.35 m L/(100 m g·m i n),7.43 m L/100 m g±2.45 m L/100 mg vs 11.35 m L/100 mg±5.45 m L/100 mg],PS水平显著高于MAP组,[35.66 m L/(100 m g·m i n)±12.45 m L/(100m g·min)vs 26.84 m L/(100 mg·min)±10.33m L/(100 m g·m i n)],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组患者TTP水平比较(140.44/0.1s±23.44/0.1 s vs 142.41/0.1 s±13.95/0.1 s vs146.58/0.1 s±29.46/0.1 s),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SAP组患者腹痛缓解时间及住院总时间均显著长于MAP组,(64.55 h±21.35 h vs11.55 h±8.76 h,78.35 d±46.45 d vs 20.43 d±8.45 d),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:AP患者胰腺血流灌注降低,病情与BF、BV、PS等指标紧密相关,CT灌注成像在急性胰腺炎病情评估中具有重要的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌诊断和评估中的应用

胰腺癌是消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,预后差。手术治疗仍然是胰腺癌唯一可治愈的方法,因此术前准确分期相当重要,以避免不必要的手术探查。CT是常规检查手段,而先进的多层螺旋CT的出现展示了新的前景。此文综述多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌诊断及分期的应用进展。     

胰腺癌多层螺旋CT征象与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨胰腺癌多层螺旋CT(MSCT)影像学征象及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法术前经过MSCT增强扫描且经病理切片确诊的原发性胰腺导管细胞癌患者80例。根据CT征象对癌患者进行胰周血管受累分级和周围组织侵犯情况评价,并分析MSCT征象表现的胰周血管受累分级、周围组织侵犯与肿瘤部位、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、微血管密度、病理分型、美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)分期、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、抗链糖原(CA)19-9、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2的关系。结果胰腺癌胰周血管受累与微血管密度、AJCC分期、VEGF、CA19-9、MMP-2有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤部位、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、病理分型无关;胰腺癌周围组织侵犯与血管密度、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、AJCC分期、VEGF、CA19-9、MMP-2有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤部位、肝脏和淋巴以外的转移、病理分型无关。结论胰腺癌多层螺旋CT影像学征象表现与临床病理特征有密切关系,有助于胰腺癌的临床诊疗和预后判断。     

肾透明细胞癌多层螺旋CT灌注成像血流灌注的定量诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像对肾透明细胞癌血流灌注的定量诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的肾透明细胞癌58例MSCT灌注扫描数据,使用256彩色直观显示癌组织及对侧正常肾组织血流灌注图,分别计算出肿瘤生长活跃部分及对侧正常肾皮质血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)及毛细血管表面通透系数(PS),并进行对比分析、定量研究.结果 肿瘤生长活跃部分的BF、BV、MTT、PS与对侧肾皮质各灌注参数间均有显著差异(P<0.01).结论 MSCT灌注成像能定量评价肾透明细胞癌的血流动力学变化,同时反映肿瘤的形态和功能,并能判断预后.     

肝硬化的多层螺旋CT灌注成像研究进展

肝硬化在我国是一个常见疾病,诊断依据病史、体检、化验、影像学的综合分析,传统的CT扫描技术以反映解剖形态为主,而多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的出现使得形态学描述发展到极其完美的阶段,并且借助于CT灌注成像(CTPI)通过肝脏血流动力学的改变来评价肝硬化时肝脏的功能状态,是CT诊断的革     

应用螺旋CT实施灌注显像综合诊疗胰腺癌的价值

目的探讨应用螺旋CT实施灌注显像(MSCTPI)对于胰腺癌患者的诊疗价值。方法对比胰腺癌患者和正常人胰腺组织的MSCTPI参数、胰腺癌组织和癌周相对正常组织的MSCTPI参数,同时对36例采用化疗的患者进行化疗前后MSCTPI参数对比。结果胰腺癌组的血容量(BV)、局部血流量(BF)和峰值(PE)显著低于对照组,而达峰时间(TTP)和渗透性(PS)显著高于对照组(P0.01)。胰腺癌组的BV、BF和PE显著低于癌周相对正常组织,而TTP和PS显著高于癌周相对正常组织(P0.01)。胰腺癌化疗后的BV、BF和PE显著高于化疗前,而TTP和PS显著低于化疗前(P0.01)。结论采用MSCTPI进行检测有助于胰腺癌的诊断和治疗疗效评估。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用价值

冠状动脉造影（CAG）一直被认为是临床冠心病诊断的“金标准”,血管内超声和光相干断层成像技术因其对血管解剖和斑块性质判断的独特优势也越来越受到重视,但这些均为有创检查,     

多层螺旋CT对肺小结节的诊断价值分析

<正>肺小结节是一种在肺内被肺实质完全包裹,影像学常表现为类圆形、局灶性、低密度阴影的病灶。孤立性肺小结节病灶的边界清晰,直径小于3 cm,一般不伴有肺不张、局部淋巴结肿大和胸腔积液等情况~([1])。单纯肺小结节患者常无典型的症状,但好伴发于肺结核、肺部囊肿和肺癌等多种肺部疾病~([2-4])。研究结表明,检出的肺小结节中80%～90%属于良性病变,但仍存在10%～20%的肺小结节可能是恶性的,因     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在马凡综合征诊断中的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在马凡综合征诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析12例马凡综合征患者的影像学资料。结果12例患者CT血管成像均表现为升主动脉瘤样扩张,升主动脉最大径平均70．1mm。8例合并夹层动脉瘤,其中Debake Ⅰ型7例、Ⅱ型3例、Ⅲ型2例。内膜剥离长度从13mm至髂动脉分叉水平,内膜剥离处到主动脉瓣环高度平均20．1mm。多层螺旋CT容积重建技术（VR）显示升主动脉瘤样扩张,多平面重建技术（MPR）显示升主动脉瘤内撕裂内膜以及瘤周血肿范围与手术结果一致,仿真血管内窥镜（VE）可观察到破口和真假腔的形态。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像是一种无创、简单、有效的检查方法,可为马凡综合征治疗方式和手术入路的选择提供依据。     

肝细胞癌的CT灌注与可重复性研究

目的 应用CT灌注成像前瞻性研究进展期肝细胞癌（HCC）的肿瘤血管,并评估CT灌注参数与肿瘤分级及肿瘤标记物的相关性。方法 手术不能切除的HCC及肝转移患者30例（HCC组25例、肝转移组5例）静脉注射造影剂后,接受动态首次通过CT灌注扫描。收集数据计算CT灌注参数（肿瘤组织和肝组织的血流量、血容量、平均通过时间、表面通透性）。其中有4例患者在30小时内再行1次CT灌注扫描,以检验本研究的可重复性。CT灌注参数在不同级别的肿瘤、有无门静脉癌栓、肝硬化、无肝外转移患者中进行比较,并且评估CT灌注参数与AFP的相关性。应用单向方差分析来统计处理CT灌注参数在各个比较中的差异。结果 本研究的可重复性检验良好（r=0.9,P〈0.01）。在肝细胞肝癌组织与肝实质的CT灌注参数比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。高分化的HCC-CT灌注值高于低分化肿瘤（P〈0.05）。有或无门静脉癌栓、有或无肝硬化患者的CT灌注值差异无统计学意义。淋巴结转移的CT灌注值低于其他肝外转移。CT灌注参数与AFP比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 CT灌注成像是一项可行的、可重复性定量分析进展期肝癌肿瘤血供与肿瘤血管生成的检查手段。     

Application of low dose pancreas perfusion CT combined with enhancement scanning in diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

PurposeTo explore the diagnostic value of pancreatic perfusion CT combined with contrast-enhanced CT in one-time scanning (PCECT) in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and to evaluate the difference of perfusion parameters between different grades of PNETs.Materials and methodsFrom October 2016 to December 2018, forty consecutive patients with histopathological-proven PNETs were identified retrospectively that received PCECT for the preoperative PNETs evaluation. Two board certified radiologists who were blinded to the clinical data evaluated the images independently. The image characters of PNETs vs. tumor-free pancreatic parenchymal and different grades of PNETs were analyzed.ResultsOne-time PCECT scanning had a detection rate of 89.1% for PNETs, which was higher than the detection accuracy of the perfusion CT only (83.6%). The perfusion parameters of PNETs including blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean slope of increase (MSI), and capillary surface permeability (PS) were significantly increased than those of tumor-free pancreatic parenchyma (p < 0.05, respectively). For differential comparison between grade I (G1) and grade II (G2) tumors, the parameters of BF and impulse residue function (IRF) of tumor tissue were significantly higher in the G2 tumors (p < 0.05, for both). In this study, the total radiation dose of the whole PCECT scan was 16.241 ± 2.289 mSv.ConclusionThe one-time PCECT scan may improve the detection of PNETs according to morphological features and perfusion parameters with a relative small radiation dose. The perfusion parameters of BF and IRF may be used to help distinguish G1 and G2 tumors in the preoperative evaluation.     

不同Child-Pugh分级的血吸虫病性肝硬化患者肝脏CT灌注成像参数分析

目的 探讨不同Child-Pugh分级的血吸虫病性肝硬化患者肝脏CT灌注成像参数的变化。方法 2016年5月～2018年10月我院诊治的血吸虫病性肝硬化患者40例(Child A级12例,B级16例和C级12例)和同期健康人40例,接受螺旋CT检查,应用 CT Perfusion 4D肝脏灌注软件包处理肝脏灌注的相关数据,包括平均通过时间(MTT)、肝动脉分数(HAF)、肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、血容量(BV)和肝血流量(BF)等参数。结果 健康人肝脏CT检测的BV、BF、MTT、HAF和HAP分别为(45.7±8.4)mL/100g、(212.6±43.3)mL/min·100g、(13.5±2.3) s、(0.2±0.0)和(16.3±8.3)mL/min·100g,而Child A级患者分别为(41.0±15.3)mL/100g、(185.6±38.4)mL/min·100g、(15.2±1.2) s、(0.2±0.0)和(20.5±8.0)mL/min·100g,Child B级分别为(38.5±20.6)mL/100g、(126.6±90.5)mL/min·100g、(19.4±11.4) s、(0.3±0.0)和(26.7±2.0)mL/min·100g,Child C级分别为(23.3±8.7)mL/100g、(129.4±46.6)mL/min·100g、(27.5±2.7) s、(0.4±0.1)和(35.2±12.6)mL/min·100g,肝硬化与健康人及不同Child分级的肝硬化患者之间,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 血吸虫病性肝硬化肝脏CT检查能提供形态学改变信息,CT灌注成像参数可以较好地评估肝硬化程度。     

胰腺肿瘤64层灌注CT成像特征的初步分析

目的 应用64层螺旋CT灌注扫描成像技术描述正常胰腺和胰腺肿瘤的血流动力学特征,探讨灌注CT在胰腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 对36例非胰腺疾病(对照)、105例胰腺肿瘤和8例十二指肠乳头癌进行胰腺CT灌注扫描,分别测量血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)和表面通透性(PS)值.结果 正常胰腺组织BF、BV和PS的平均值分别为(135.24±48.36)ml·min-1·Kg-1、(200.55±54.96)ml/kg和(49.75 4±24.27)ml·min-1·kg-1;胰腺癌分别为(31.77±19.36)ml·min-1·kg-1、(66.84±39.49)ml/kg和(37.64 4±27.14)ml·min-1·kg-1;十二指肠乳头癌分别为(93.04±48.13)ml·min-1·Kg-1、(97.12±89.80)ml/kg和(41.08±18.85)ml·min-1·kg-1;胰腺囊肿的3项参数值接近零.胰腺癌的3项灌注参数均显著低于正常胰腺(P<0.05);十二指肠乳头癌的BF和BV值显著低于正常胰腺(P<0.05),而PS值与正常胰腺无显著差异;胰腺囊肿与正常胰腺差异非常显著(P<0.01).结论 正常胰腺CT灌注表现为组织血流量、血容量均匀,毛细血管表面通透性一致的实质性器官;胰腺癌表现为低灌注和毛细血管表面通透性降低的肿瘤;十二指肠乳头癌仅表现为低灌注,表面通透性不变;胰腺囊肿内无血流灌注.64层灌注CT有助于胰腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断.     

Value of three-dimensional reconstructions in pancreatic carcinoma using multidetector CT： Initial results

AIM: To evaluate the use of three-dimensional imaging of pancreatic carcinoma using multidetector computed tomography (CT) in a prospective study. METHODS: Ten patients with suspected pancreatic tumors were examined prospectively using multidetector CT (Somatom Sensation 16, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The images were evaluated for the presence of a pancreatic carcinoma and invasion of the peripancreatic vessels and surrounding organs. Using the isotropic CT data sets, a three-dimensional image was created with automatic vascular analysis and semiautomatic segmentation of the organs and pancreatic tumor by a radiologist. The CT examinations and the three-dimensional images were presented to the surgeon directly before and during the patient's operation using the Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit-based software "ReLiver". Immediately after surgery, the value of the two images was judged by the surgeon. The operation and the histological results served as the gold standard. RESULTS: Nine patients had a pancreatic carcinoma (all pT3), and one patient had a serous cystadenoma. One tumor infiltrated the superior mesenteric vein. The infiltration was correctly evaluated. All carcinomas were resectable. In comparison to the CT image with axial and coronal reconstructions, the three-dimensional image was judged by the surgeons as better for operation planning and consistently described as useful. CONCLUSION: A 3D-image of the pancreas represents an invaluable aid to the surgeon. However, the 3D-software must be further developed in order to be integrated into daily clinical routine.     

胰腺结核误诊为胰腺癌1例

结核累及胰腺非常罕见，临床症状有时不典型，术前诊断困难，现将中山医院收治的1例术前误诊为胰腺癌的胰腺结核报道如下。     

Assessment of response to sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using perfusion computed tomography: Results of a pilot study

AimsThis prospective pilot study investigated the feasibility of perfusion computed tomography parameters as surrogate markers of angiogenesis and early response following sorafenib administration in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsTen patients were evaluated with perfusion computed tomography before starting sorafenib and after 3 months. Blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, hepatic arterial fraction, and permeability surface-product were compared in tumour lesions and in hepatic parenchyma at baseline and at follow-up. Correlation between these parameters and changes in alpha-fetoprotein levels was calculated.ResultsAt baseline, blood volume, blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction and permeability surface values were higher in lesions compared to those in hepatic parenchyma, while mean transit time was lower (p < 0.05). After sorafenib treatment, only mean transit time was significantly increased versus baseline (p < 0.05). At follow-up, plasma alpha-fetoprotein levels decreased in all patients. At follow-up, an inverse correlation was observed between baseline mean transit time and changes in alpha-fetoprotein (r = ?0.6685, p = 0.0125), as well as a correlation between baseline blood flow and alpha-fetoprotein (r = 0.6476, p = 0.0167).ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that after sorafenib treatment an increase in mean transit time observed in tumour lesions is inversely correlated with alpha-fetoprotein reductions after therapy. Mean transit time may represent a possible marker of response irrespectively of alpha-fetoprotein values.     

胸部孤立性纤维瘤的MSCT诊断分析

目的探讨胸部孤立性纤维瘤的多排螺旋CT(MSCT)影像表现,以提高对该疾病的认识和诊断。方法回顾性分析31例经手术、病理证实的胸部孤立性纤维瘤患者的MSCT表现及临床资料,4例行肺CT平扫,8例行肺CT一次性增强检查,19例行肺CT平扫+增强检查;结合后处理重建图像分析胸部孤立性纤维瘤的发病部位、形态、大小、密度、边缘、增强特点及与周围组织的关系。结果 31例胸部孤立性纤维瘤患者女性21例,男性10例,位于右侧胸腔16例,左侧胸腔13例,纵膈1例,肺内多发1例。27例病灶边界清晰,呈类圆形或长椭圆形,4例边界不清,呈大片状不规则形软组织密度块影,伴有胸腔积液及邻近肋骨破坏征象;增强扫描2例动脉期未见明显强化,延迟期轻度强化;11例动脉期呈中度不均匀强化,静脉期强化程度减低;14例动脉期轻中度不均匀强化,延迟期强化较动脉期更明显。31例患者良性27例,恶性4例。结论胸部孤立性纤维瘤的MSCT表现有一定的特征,大多呈边界清楚,血供丰富、呈中度以上不均匀强化的软组织密度结节或块影,MSCT可以清晰地显示病变特点,及时进行手术切除,可提高患者预后。