共查询到11条相似文献，搜索用时 69 毫秒
1.
减少森林砍伐和退化机制中的碳评估探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
涉及森林的气候行动能够最直接地降低大气二氧化碳的增长速度, 并可以最低代价赢得在其他工业部门发展减排技术的时间。通过在发展中国家实施REDD+, 能够显著地减少温室气体排放。在监测、报告和核查(MRV)温室气体排放上存在的技术问题, 以及渗漏、额外性和永久性等政策问题, 是REDD+程序中最主要的障碍。为了实现全球气温升高不超过2℃临界点的目标, 需要国际体系和组织、各国政府和私营部门发挥重要的作用, 需要各国加强建设监测、报告、核查森林碳储量的能力, 需要开发和利用地面测量碳储量计算模型和卫星遥感数据判读转化技术。文中介绍了对实现REDD+可能有重大贡献的国际体系和组织的最新动态以及国家级MRV系统的特征, 探讨了实现全球森林碳评估的途径以及卫星数据在森林碳评估中的应用等, 提出了我国在参与REDD+活动中存在的挑战和应该采取的对策。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):67-79
SUMMARY This paper provides a brief overview of some key experiences from protected area management projects in Africa and Asia, to help set the scene for the new generation of transboundary protected areas. Particular attention is given to projects attempting to support protected area management by improving the welfare of local people, a key component of many transboundary protected area initiatives. During the 1990s the funding available to support protected areas in the tropics increased significantly, leading to a proliferation of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) and similar approaches. But many of these attempts to broaden access to conservation benefits by establishing tangible links between protected area management and economic development among local communities have been based on unrealistic assumptions and have struggled to be effective. As a result, future international funding for similar initiatives may be at risk. 相似文献
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Jeffrey Chow 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2015,34(6-7):517-533
Tropical forest loss and degradation due to human activities have been persistent and intractable global problems. Model estimates suggest that current levels of finance for conservation and sustainable forest management (SFM) are insufficient and may need to increase by an order of magnitude in order to meet this challenge. This special issue presents select articles from the 2014 Yale International Society of Tropical Foresters (ISTF) Annual Conference, which explored diverse finance mechanisms such as REDD+, sustainability certification, ecological compensation, community forestry, and official development assistance. Each finance mechanism has advantages and disadvantages, which render them effective under specific circumstances. Comprehensive tropical forest conservation will require a diverse portfolio of finance strategies appropriate for local institutional and ecological conditions. Hybrid strategies combining elements of multiple schemes could bolster conservation and SFM efforts by leveraging their respective strengths. Clear and realistic targets and baselines, robust monitoring and measurement-reporting-verification, strong governance and institutions, and periodic evaluation can contribute to the successful application of forest conservation finance. Due to the potentially high damages, especially to the world’s poorest communities from continuing current deforestation trends, substantially greater financing of tropical conservation and SFM is a sound global investment. 相似文献
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介绍云南省生物多样性特点以及开发建设项目对生物多样性的影响因素.分析云南省当前开发建设项目在生物多样性保护上存在的认识不到位,管理不清晰,法律、法规和标准不完善;缺乏专业的评估和监测机构等问题.藉此提出提高认识,理顺关系,制定标准,健全体系,落实资金,全社会参与等对策. 相似文献
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Brian Joseph McFarland 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2015,34(6-7):534-546
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is a conservation finance instrument based on the payments for ecosystem services model, wherein governments, private landowners, concession holders, and/or communities are compensated for undertaking activities which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from forest use and land use change. This article reviews the numerous sources for REDD+ finance within the context of total global conservation finance. In 2013, there were approximately 47 REDD+ projects conserving nearly 20 million ha with a total transacted value in carbon offset credits estimated to be US$98.8 million. Scaling up conservation financing instruments, particularly REDD+, is critical to halting tropical deforestation and reversing the trend of global climate change. Although the bulk of REDD+ financing, especially for capacity building efforts, comes from public sector channels, this article discusses five opportunities for private sector firms to support REDD+: a firm can develop their own project; a firm can donate unrestricted funds to a nonprofit organization; a firm can invest in a for-profit firm; a firm can choose to support a particular REDD+ project; or a firm can invest into a dedicated fund. 相似文献
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在西部开发中经济林大有可为 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
开发西部是党中央国务院面向新世纪作出的重大决策。西部开发应将生态环境保护和建设放在首位。西部开发不能离开林业,林业是屏障,是产业,富山,富农,富民,是保护神。水土保持,防治荒漠化是当务之急,陡坡退耕还林还草是积极有效的措施。 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2012,31(1-2):29-58
Protection of existing forests through Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)—a system of providing incentives for reduced deforestation—has the potential to deliver both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation benefits. This article explores how these complementary environmental goals can be supported by international payments for ecosystem services (IPES) via the emerging global carbon market. REDD, through an IPES framework, offers an opportunity to “bundle” payments for reduced emissions with payments for biodiversity conservation in order to allow for cost-sharing between the multiple beneficiaries of REDD. The article outlines two potential cost-sharing arrangements between carbon investors financing reduced emissions and the beneficiaries of biodiversity conservation provided by REDD. One scheme combines finances from general biodiversity beneficiaries as a whole with carbon investments in REDD through a global “fund”; a second scheme matches payments from specific biodiversity beneficiaries with investments in REDD through a payment “partnership” between both groups. Each scheme falls on either end of a spectrum of opportunities for bundling payments for different environmental benefits into one investment in REDD. The discussion is intended to incite further dialogue on potential systems for implementing the emerging concept of bundling payments for ecosystem services. 相似文献
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Mangroves offer a number of ecosystem goods and services, including carbon (C) storage. As a carbon pool, mangroves could be a source of CO2 emissions as a result of human activities such as deforestation and forest degradation. Conversely, mangroves may act as a CO2 sink through biomass accumulation. This study aimed to determine carbon stocks, harvest removals and productivity of mangrove forests of mainland Tanzania. Nine species were recorded in mainland Tanzania, among them Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (31%) and Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (20%) were dominant. The aboveground, dead wood, belowground and total carbon were 33.5 ± 5.8 Mg C ha?1, 1.2 ± 1.1 (2% of total carbon), 30.0 ± 4.5 Mg C ha?1 (46% of total carbon) and 64.7 ± 8.4 Mg C ha?1 at 95% confidence level, respectively. Carbon harvest removals accounted for loss of about 4% of standing total carbon stocks annually. Results on the productivity of mangrove forests (using data from permanent sample plots monitored for four years [1995-1998]) showed an overall carbon increment of 5.6 Mg C ha?1 y?1 (aboveground carbon), 4.1 C ha?1 y?1 (belowground carbon) and 9.7 C ha?1 y?1 (total carbon) at 23%, 32% and 27% levels of uncertainty, respectively. Both natural death and tree cutting/harvest removals resulted in significant decline of annual carbon productivity. Findings from this study demonstrate that mangroves store large quantities of carbon and are more productive than other dominant forest formations in southern Africa. Both their deforestation and forest degradation, therefore, is likely to contribute to large quantities of emission and loss of carbon sink functionality. Therefore, mangroves need to be managed sustainably. 相似文献
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可持续发展这一新的发展理论和战略思想,现已被国际社会普遍接受和认同。当今,耕地退化,土地沙化,水土流失．水资源不定等．是制约我国可持续发展的关键因素．克服上述那些不利因素．最经济最有效的办法是种草造林,恢复森林植被,蓄水保土,确保可持续发展战略的实施． 相似文献
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推动作为林产品的珍稀濒危物种可持续经营认证对于保护生物、生态环境的多样性、促进森林可持续经营具有重要意义。通过分析《雷斯法案》修正案对珍稀濒危物种可持续经营认证及国际贸易的影响,以ICUN极危物种铁皮石斛Dendrobiumofficinale为例,提出作为生产者要积极开展森林可持续认证,为产品开拓国际市场,同时对于珍稀濒危物种的生产要积极开展去濒工作,助力其国际市场的形成,推动森林认证市场驱动力的提升。 相似文献
