由三氧化二钒制备碳氮化钒的研究

以V2O3为原料，采用真空还原方法制备出碳化钒，生成的碳化钒直接进行渗氮制备出碳氮化钒，结果表明，原料中的配碳量是控制反应产物中氮含量的关键因素。氮化温度影响产物中氮含量，低温条件下，随氮化温度提高氮含量增加，但当反应温度高到一定程度，氮含量不再随温度提高而增加，氮化温度在1400℃时，4h可以氮化完全。     

制取碳化钒试验研究

研究了用多聚钒酸铵加炭粉混合压制成型，在一定的温度下进行烧结，通氩气保护制取碳化钒的新工艺。考察了多聚钒酸铵及炭粉质量，炭粉粒度，配碳化，烧结温度，氩气流量，恒温时间等对碳化钒质量的影响。在实验室获得了合格的的碳化钒产品。     

钒对共析钢珠光体组织的影响

利用透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）研究了微量钒对共析钢珠光体组织的影响，实验证明，共析钢含钒量小于０．２％，钒的主要作用是细化珠光体片间距，偶见碳化钒呈无序状态析出，当含钒量约主０．３％时，珠光体片间距粗化，碳化钒以及无序状态和相间沉淀两种方式析出。     

从钒浸出液中沉淀结晶型钒酸铁试验研究

研究了常压下向钒浸出液中加入硫酸铁沉淀结晶型Fe4(VO4)4.5H2O,考察了温度、pH和添加剂C对沉淀产物钒酸铁的影响。对沉淀产物进行X-射线衍射(XRD)分析和电子扫描电镜观察,结果表明:沉淀产物的n(V)/n(Fe)和钒沉淀率随pH和温度的升高而下降;加入添加剂C有利于钒酸铁的结晶,同时提高产物的n(V)/n(Fe)和钒沉淀率;最佳沉淀条件为:pH为2~3,反应温度90℃,反应时间72 h,加入添加剂C,此条件下,沉淀产物为Fe4(VO4)4.5H2O,n(V)/n(Fe)接近于1,粒度尺寸主要分布在5~15μm范围内,钒沉淀率在97%以上,。     

直接碳化法制备碳化钒的热力学分析

对以五氧化二钒为原料制备碳化钒的工艺过程进行热力学分析,分析结果表明:钒氧化物在转化过程中遵循逐级还原理论;钒氧化物在碳化过程中,不转化为金属钒,直接转化为碳化钒;二氧化钒的碳化温度最低,为1018K,因此,在钒氧化物的转化过程中,应尽可能使其转化为二氧化钒。若采用气相还原碳化的方法,则可通过调节气体的流量、配比对还原碳化工艺进行控制。     

硅质岩钒矿中提取钒的无污染焙烧工艺研究

采用氧化焙烧法研究了无污染的焙烧添加剂碳酸钠、氧化钙、红泥和苛化泥从硅质岩钒矿中提取钒的焙烧工艺。考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、添加剂用量、入炉温度、焙烧气氛对钒浸出率的影响。实验表明，硅质岩钒矿适宜的添加剂为苛化泥，当苛化泥添加量为6％、入炉温度低于200℃、焙烧温度为850℃、通空气焙烧3h时，钒的浸出率达70．53％。与传统的钠化焙烧相比，采用苛化泥焙烧添加剂既解决了废气污染问题，又能综合利用资源，具有成本低、污染少等优点。     

一步法合成碳氮化钒的研究

研究了一步法合成碳氮化钒的生产工艺及工艺参数对碳氮化钒氮含量的影响.研究结果表明:V2O3与C的配比对产物氮含量影响较大,当碳过量15%时,产物的氮含量最高;产物氮含量随反应温度的提高先增后降,在1 400℃时产物氮含量最高;当反应温度在1 280-1 480℃时,XRD分析显示产物组分均为VN和VC构成的碳氮化钒固溶体;产物中氮含量随反应时间的延长有增加的趋势,反应时间120 min时能得到较高氮含量的产物.同时反应时间对产物的粒度也有明显的影响,SEM图显示产物的粒度随保温时间的延长而增加;添加剂(NH4Cl、Fe)对产物氮含量有较大程度的影响.     

五氧化二钒制备氮化钒的过程研究

对还原氮化法制备氮化钒的过程进行了理论分析和实验探讨，结果表明，五氧化二钒还原过程中同时发生了直接还原和间接还原，在高温氮化条件下已生成的氮化钒又转化为碳化钒，本试验条件下直接还原的开始温度为656K，氮化的开始温度为1160K，氮化钒转化为碳化钒的温度为1560K，间接还原发生的可能性与配碳系数有关，配碳系数越大，其发生的可能性越大。     

还原氮化五氧化二钒制备氮化钒的研究

对还原氮化制各氮化钒的过程进行了理论分析和实验探讨。结果表明，五氯化二钒还原过程中同时发生了直接还原和间接还原，在高温氮化条件下巳生成的氮化钒又转化为碳化钒。本试验条件下直接还原的开始温度为656K，氮化的开始温度为1160K，氮化钒转化为碳化钒的温度为1560K。间接还原发生的可能性与配碳系数有关，配碳系数越大，其发生的可能性越大。     

钙化焙烧粘土钒矿提钒过程的研究Ⅰ焙烧工艺的研究

采用钙化焙烧法对河南淅川粘土钒矿的焙烧工艺进行研究。通过对添加剂及添加量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间的研究,确定了最佳焙烧条件。结果表明,以Ca（OH）2为添加剂,其钙元素的添加量为钒矿的5%,900℃焙烧3 h的效果最佳。采用XRD和SEM等主要测试手段对钒矿和焙烧产物的晶相结构和显微结构进行表征,结果显示,钒矿中钒化合物为KAlV2Si3O10（OH）2,当分别采用CaO,CaCO3和Ca（OH）2作为添加剂时,其钒化合物分别转化为Ca2NaLiCrV3O12,Ca3LiMgV3O12和Ca2KMg2V3O12。由晶体数据和浸出实验可知,当钒的晶体结构由单斜晶系转化为立方晶系,且转化后晶体的晶胞参数越大时,钒的浸出率就越高。     

A quantitative structural model of the testis of fertile males with normal sperm counts

The morphology of testicular biopsies of 8 healthy fertile men with proven normal sperm counts was studied using stereological techniques. Quantitative estimations were made of different cellular compartments in the testicular biopsies. The experimental errors of observation, homogeneity of the section, accuracy of the measurements and errors caused during the preparation of the sections were studied. A stereological model of the human testis comprising all compartments was designed. The present observations on the stereological parameters were compared with the results in literature; generally a good agreement was found. This stereological model enabled the authors to establish the quantitative correlations that exist between the separate compartments of the human testis. The tubular length density was positively correlated with the tubular surface density. The tubular surface density showed a negative correlation with the volume density of the germinal cell nuclei. The tubular volume density showed a negative correlation with the volume density of the Leydig cells. The intra-tubular volume density correlated negatively with the volume density of the Leydig cells and with the volume density of the remaining extra-tubular tissue. The intra-tubular tissue density correlated negatively with the volume density of the intra-tubular space.     

Prediction of sintered density for bimodal powder mixtures

Bimodal mixtures improve the green density of powder systems and are used in processes such as slip casting and powder injection molding. The packing density can be predicted with reasonable accuracy, but there is great uncertainty in the sintered density of a bimodal mixture. The large/small composition effect on packing density and sintered density is treated using the specific volume. For a given composition, the packing density is accurately predicted when four parameters are known: particle size ratio, packing density of the small powder, packing density of the large powder, and mixture homogeneity. Prediction of the sintered density is possible from knowledge of the densification of the large and small powders and mixture homogeneity. The model is applied to bimodal mixtures of molybdenum, stainless steel, iron, and alumina. Certain criteria must be satisfied by the constituent powders for a bimodal mixture to exhibit the highest sintered density. In many situations, the highest sintered density occurs at the 100 pct small powder composition.     

氟钽酸钾及其相关熔盐体系的密度

用阿基米德法测定了氟钽酸钾及其与氯化钠,氯化钾,氟化钠,氟化钾等混合熔盐体系在熔融状态下的密度,用线性回归分析方法导出了各熔盐体系的密度与温度的关系。熔盐体系的密度和温度有良好的线性关系,混合熔盐体系中密度大的组分含量高时,该混合熔盐的密度也较大。     

Investigation of the Density Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Stochastic Packs of Spherical Particles Using a Computer Model

A series of computer experiments were performed to model the random packing of spherical particles. Known algorithms for dense packing were modified to optimize density characteristics. The distribution of local density in random packs of spherical particles was investigated. The effect of boundary conditions on the density characteristics was determined, and the dimensions of the boundary distorted zone evaluated. Methods for controlling the integral density and local density distribution in packs of spherical particles were determined. These are based on the concept of density characteristics as functions of the ratio of particle sizes and numbers in a fraction, and in a mixture.     

粘结剂和润滑剂对铁粉流动性和松装密度的影响

加入聚乙二醇、硬脂酸锂、二硫化钼及同时加入聚乙二醇和硬脂酸锂、聚乙二醇和二硫化钼,对铁粉流动性和松装密度的影响作了研究。结果表明,聚乙二醇加入0.1%时可以较大提高铁粉的流动性和松装密度;硬脂酸锂加入0.2%～0.5%时能较好改善铁粉的流动性和松装密度;二硫化钼加入0.2%时对铁粉的流动性有较好的改善,但二硫化钼对改善铁粉的松装密度效果很小;同时加入聚乙二醇和硬脂酸锂对铁粉流动性和松装密度的改善有很好的效果。二硫化钼和聚乙二醇同时加入时可以提高铁粉的流动性,但对松装密度影响不明显。     

机械化处理对于钼粉物理性能的影响

介绍了分别使用机械球磨混料及真空混料来提高粉末的松装密度的方法，研究了在一定压力下粉末的松装密度与其压坯密度的关系。     

Tubule density of the stratum medium of horse hoof

The number of tubules/mm2 (tubule density) of horse hoof horn was quantified in samples taken from the left forefeet of 8 randomly selected slaughterhouse horses in order to establish the normal tubule density characteristics at the midline dead centre (MDC) for the stratum medium of horse hoof. In the past the measurement of tubule distribution within the hoof has lacked objectivity. The horse hoof tubule density results are compared to a recent objective study carried out on pony hoof. A similar 4 zone pattern of tubule density was observed, although the precise zonal boundaries and tubule density values differed to those found for pony hoof. There were significant differences in tubule density between zones. Comparison with pony hoof revealed significant tubule density differences in zones 1, 2 and 4; however, there was no significant difference in zone 3. The existence of a 4 zoned pattern of tubule density for horse hoof, as for pony hoof, has been confirmed.     

NaCl-KCl-NaF-(SiO2)熔盐体系密度

用阿基米德法测定了NaCl-KCl-NaF-(SiO2)熔盐体系的密度,结果表明:体系的密度与温度呈良好的线性关系,且随温度的升高而降低;当NaCl含量不变时,用KCl逐步代替NaF时体系的密度逐渐减小;当KCl含量不变时,用NaCl逐步代替NaF时,体系的密度与NaCl含量呈倒抛物线关系;体系在XNaCl∶XKCl=1∶1时,随NaF含量的增加,体系密度逐渐增大。     

K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3铝电解体系密度的研究

采用流体静力称重法研究了K<,3>AlF<,6>-Na<,3>AlF<,6>-AlF<,3>铝电解质体系的密度.探讨了K<,3>AlF<,6>,AlF<,3>含量和温度与K<,3>AlF<,6>-Na<,3>AlF<,6>-AlF<,3>体系密度的关系.实验结果表明:K<,3>AlF<,6>-Na<,3>AlF<,6>-AlF<,3>体系密度与温度成较好的线性关系,温度升高,密度降低;随着AlF<,3>含量的降低,体系的密度对温度的变化更加敏感.相同过热度下,固定KR(钾冰晶石含量),随着AlF3含量的增加,体系的密度呈现出不同的变化规律,相同过热度条件下,对于较低的KR=0.1值,随着AlF<,3>含量的增加,体系的密度逐渐下降,对于较高的KR=0.5值,随着AlF<,3>含量的增加,体系密度先降低后增加,存在最低点.相同过热度下,固定AlF<,3>含量,随着KR增加,体系密度也呈现出不同的变化规律,当AlF<,3>为22%,随着KR增大,体系密度变化不大;当AlF<,3>为26%,30%,随着KR增大,体系密度先降低后增加.     

一体成形电感密度分布不均匀问题的研究与改进

随着信息技术的发展,电感行业蓬勃发展。一体成形电感因其诸多优点,使用尤为广泛。但是其在压制过程中,由于粉体摩擦、压力损失等问题,会出现密度分布不均匀的问题,直接影响了元件的使用性能。而温压成形工艺具有诸多优点,如压坯密度和烧结密度高、压坯强度高、脱模力低、弹性后效小,因此该工艺在近年来备受关注。通过研究温度、压力和润滑剂对电感密度的影响规律,以解决一体成形电感密度分布不均匀的问题,继而通过计算电感整体密度与局部密度差值的方法对成形工艺进行了评价,最后得到了较为理想的温压参数:即在150℃下采用质量分数为0.3%的Apex润滑剂,在800 MPa压力下压制,可以制得密度达到7.23 g/cm~3、局部密度差值为0.02 g/cm~3的一体成形电感。