LNG冷能用于海水淡化技术研究与工程化设计

分析LNG冷能用于海水淡化技术的工艺,运用Aspen Plus软件模拟分析直接冷冻法和间接冷冻法,得出直接冷冻法海水淡化技术方案较优.对LNG冷能用于某海水淡化项目进行工程化设计,分析项目的工艺设计、关键设备、节能效益、操作弹性,得出LNG气化量为140 t/h,所需异丁烷质量流量为272 t/h,淡水产量为245 t/h,每年淡水的效益约为730×104元,节电效益可达1×108元,具有良好的操作弹性.     

球墨铸铁管输送淡化海水防腐性能研究与实践

结合天津北疆电厂海水淡化工程实例,探讨了球墨铸铁管长距离输送淡化海水过程中存在的问题,介绍了球墨铸铁管道内防腐涂层及接口方式的选择.运行结果表明,采用聚氨酯内防腐涂层、T型滑入式柔性接口和三元乙丙橡胶圈,可以保证淡化海水经球墨铸铁管长距离输送后的水质稳定性,为海水淡化工程的设计及施工提供了参考依据.     

ACTIFLO~工艺用于钢铁厂海水淡化预处理

针对沿海钢厂海水淡化预处理项目中原水浊度、温度变化大、藻类浓度高等水质情况,综合考虑处理效果、占地面积、操作运行等各方面,采用法国Veolia Water先进的ACTIFLOC高效沉淀池工艺进行首钢海水淡化预处理项目的设计。     

我国海水淡化水卫生标准框架探讨

通过海水淡化技术缓解日益严重的淡水资源问题对于我国经济与社会的发展具有重大的战略意义。海水淡化工艺与传统制水工艺有很大差别,淡化海水的水质也与传统的饮用水存在一定差异。本文借鉴世界卫生组织、欧盟、美国、以色列等国家和组织的海水淡化水卫生标准,参照我国生活饮用水卫生标准体系和海水淡化应用环境,思考我国海水淡化水卫生标准框架。     

反渗透膜法海水淡化产品水水质影响因素分析

世界面临的水危机在继续恶化,膜法反渗透海水淡化已经成为解决人类水危机的必然选择。针对目前应用最广泛的反渗透膜法海水淡化技术,从水质安全和饮用健康的角度出发,围绕海水、海水预处理、膜法反渗透制备、后处理以及管网输配5个部分,详细介绍了影响产品水水质的因素,深入剖析了反渗透膜法海水淡化产品水对饮用人群健康影响因素的来源,以充分了解淡化产品水的水质,为改进反渗透海水淡化工艺提供可靠依据,为制定淡化产品水水质标准提供参考。     

深圳市海水淡化工程初探

通过对国内外海水淡化工程和技术的介绍,结合深圳市的具体情况,对于深圳市海水淡化工程的工艺选择、规模、工程布局、淡化海水的输送以及海水淡化工程的运行管理等,进行了阐述和分析,提出深圳市海水淡化工程的构想和今后发展海水淡化工程的一些建议.     

大型反渗透海水淡化系统双端产水脱硼工艺研究

针对大型反渗透海水淡化系统,设计了一种双端产水脱硼工艺,并采用反渗透系统模拟软件研究了二级进水pH值、海水温度和硼含量等参数对工艺脱硼效果的影响。结果表明,该工艺能有效脱除海水中的硼,当二级进水pH值为9.5时,产水水质可以达标。当海水温度和硼含量均较低时,仅开启一级系统时产水水质即可达标;当海水温度>13℃或硼含量>2.3 mg/L时,需启用二级系统进一步脱硼;当海水温度>30℃或硼含量>6.0 mg/L时,还需适当提高二级进水pH值来增强反渗透膜的脱硼率,以实现产水硼含量达标。与常规脱硼工艺相比,双端产水脱硼工艺通过减少43%的二级系统处理规模,使二级系统的建设投资成本和运行成本均减少43%。     

膜法海水淡化厂产品水水质与饮用安全分析

全球海水淡化产水的60%用于市政供水,在海水淡化产能中采用反渗透膜技术的占65%。监测了我国万吨级膜法海水淡化厂的出厂水水质,并与国标以及城市自来水水质进行了对比。结果表明,除硼外淡化水其他指标均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006),但硼含量低于世界卫生组织WHO的《饮用水水质导则》限值(2.4 mg/L)以及欧美、日本的限值(1.0 mg/L)。淡化出厂水的常规指标与四个大城市(深圳、南昌、上海和天津)的自来水水质相当或更优。此外,监测计算了淡化出厂水的碳酸钙沉淀势,其值位于4.8~6.5 mg/L之间,水体倾向于保护性结垢,不会腐蚀管路或溶解管路中已有的保护性垢层。基于对淡化厂产品水水质的实验测定及数据分析,提出了淡化水水质与饮用安全的相关发展建议。     

杭州水处理中心领航国内海水淡化产业

海水淡化是我国海洋新兴产业之一,自1997年杭州水处理中心成功建立我国第一套日产500吨/日工程以来,十五年间,我国的海水淡化技术取得了迅猛发展,并日益受重视。作为我国最早从事膜法海水淡化的机构之一,杭州水处理中心一直引领着我国膜法海水淡化技术及产业发展,市     

舟山市岱山县长涂海水淡化厂的设计

介绍了岱山县长涂镇5000 m3/d反渗透海水淡化工程的设计方法,包括海水的取水、一级预处理、反渗透等系统的设计参数及设备配置情况.一年多的运行结果表明,该工程工艺合理,处理效果良好,出水水质达到了设计标准,及时为当地解决了淡水资源短缺的问题.     

Formation of hazardous inorganic by-products during electrolysis of seawater as a disinfection process for desalination

From our previous study, an electrochemical process was determined to be a promising tool for disinfection in a seawater desalination system, but an investigation on the production of several hazardous by-products is still required. In this study, a more intensive exploration of the formation patterns of perchlorate and bromate during the electrolysis of seawater was conducted. In addition, the rejection efficiencies of the targeted by-products by membrane processes (microfiltration and seawater reverse osmosis) were investigated to uncover the concentrations remaining in the final product from a membrane-based seawater desalination system for the production of drinking water. On the electrolysis of seawater, perchlorate did not provoke any problem due to the low concentrations formed, but bromate was produced at a much higher level, resulting in critical limitation in the application of the electrochemical process to the desalination of seawater. Even though the formed bromate was rejected via microfiltration and reverse osmosis during the 1st and 2nd passes, the residual concentration was a few orders of magnitude higher than the USEPA regulation. Consequently, it was concluded that the application of the electrochemical process to seawater desalination cannot be recommended without the control of bromate.     

Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today's challenges

Reverse osmosis membrane technology has developed over the past 40 years to a 44% share in world desalting production capacity, and an 80% share in the total number of desalination plants installed worldwide. The use of membrane desalination has increased as materials have improved and costs have decreased. Today, reverse osmosis membranes are the leading technology for new desalination installations, and they are applied to a variety of salt water resources using tailored pretreatment and membrane system design. Two distinct branches of reverse osmosis desalination have emerged: seawater reverse osmosis and brackish water reverse osmosis. Differences between the two water sources, including foulants, salinity, waste brine (concentrate) disposal options, and plant location, have created significant differences in process development, implementation, and key technical problems. Pretreatment options are similar for both types of reverse osmosis and depend on the specific components of the water source. Both brackish water and seawater reverse osmosis (RO) will continue to be used worldwide; new technology in energy recovery and renewable energy, as well as innovative plant design, will allow greater use of desalination for inland and rural communities, while providing more affordable water for large coastal cities. A wide variety of research and general information on RO desalination is available; however, a direct comparison of seawater and brackish water RO systems is necessary to highlight similarities and differences in process development. This article brings to light key parameters of an RO process and process modifications due to feed water characteristics.     

A comparative life cycle assessment of hybrid osmotic dilution desalination and established seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation processes

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative environmental impacts of coupled seawater desalination and water reclamation using a novel hybrid system that consist of an osmotically driven membrane process and established membrane desalination technologies. A comparative life cycle assessment methodology was used to differentiate between a novel hybrid process consisting of forward osmosis (FO) operated in osmotic dilution (ODN) mode and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), and two other processes: a stand alone conventional SWRO desalination system, and a combined SWRO and dual barrier impaired water purification system consisting of nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis. Each process was evaluated using ten baseline impact categories. It was demonstrated that from a life cycle perspective two hurdles exist to further development of the ODN-SWRO process: module design of FO membranes and cleaning intensity of the FO membranes. System optimization analysis revealed that doubling FO membrane packing density, tripling FO membrane permeability, and optimizing system operation, all of which are technically feasible at the time of this publication, could reduce the environmental impact of the hybrid ODN-SWRO process compared to SWRO by more than 25%; yet, novel hybrid nanofiltration-RO treatment of seawater and wastewater can achieve almost similar levels of environmental impact.     

船用海水淡化装置的发展及应用

介绍了船用海水淡化装置的工艺、特点及研究发展历程,对不同形式船用海水淡化装置的技术特点进行了比较,并展望了船用海水淡化装置的发展方向。     

海水淡化水进入市政管网需考虑和解决的问题

近几年海水淡化在我国发展较快,规模越来越大,用途也逐渐从工业扩大到市政供水,这意味着海水淡化水进入市政管网已提上议事日程.从饮水安全和保护管网两个方面阐述了海水淡化水与传统水资源的差异,并在此基础上初步提出海水淡化水的后处理应考虑的各项水质指标和要求以及稳定水质的方法,介绍了国际大型海水淡化工程产品水的后处理常用方法.     

海水淡化的取水工程及设计要点

海水取水是海水淡化工程建设的重要部分,与系统稳定运行及淡化成本有很大关系.简述了海水淡化可行的取水方式、优缺点及主要选择依据,指出了海水淡化取水工程设计需要注意的关键问题.     

4万m3现浇混凝土储水池变形缝渗漏原因及修复

天津石化100万t／年乙烯工程中淡化水池容积达4．4万m3，采用复合桩基。蓄水试验发现有渗漏现象，经分析原因后按规范给出的方法，采取针对性措施进行修复，满足了设计要求，已顺利交付验收。     

低温多效蒸馏海水淡化工程与技术进展

低温多效蒸馏是海水淡化三大主流技术之一。介绍了低温多效蒸馏技术的原理、技术发展现状以及规模化应用等产业化进程,阐述了一些新技术和新工艺在低温多效蒸馏海水淡化中的应用,并展望了其研究方向。     

反渗透海水淡化脱硼技术研究现状

硼在水中以硼酸的分子形式存在,其浓度过高对农作物和人体会产生不利的影响。由于硼的分子半径小,且不具有电性,因此反渗透海水淡化需要与其他方法相结合才能使硼含量达到饮用水的卫生要求。介绍了目前反渗透海水淡化中的脱硼方法。     

国内外海水淡化技术的进展

分析了海水淡化的技术现状,归纳了国际海水淡化技术的发展趋势以及自主技术存在的差距,结合国民经济和社会发展对海水淡化的战略需求,提出了其发展战略、目标和政策建议。