MODELING OF HEAT TRANSFER OF UPWARD ANNULAR FLOW IN VERTICAL TUBES

This article presents the modeling of heat transfer of upward annular flow in a smooth tube and a spirally internally ribbed tube. First, analytical models of two-phase flow dynamics and heat transfer of annular flow in flow boiling were derived from the liquid film momentum and energy equations for smooth tubes. Combined with empirical correlations for liquid droplet entrainment and deposition rates in annular flow, modeling of heat transfer of upward annular flow in the smooth tube was conducted. The predicted heat transfer coefficients of annular flow agree with the experimental results very well for the smooth tube. Based on the heat transfer model for smooth tubes, a simplified annular flow heat transfer model for the spirally internally ribbed tube was proposed by modifying the interfacial friction factor. The predicted heat transfer coefficients by the modified heat transfer model for the spirally internally ribbed tube agree with the experimental results to some extent. It is suggested that the heat transfer model for the spirally ribbed tube be further improved by modifying the correlations for liquid droplet entrainment and deposition rates in annular flow, which should describe the feature of annular flow in the spirally internally ribbed tube. Extensive experimental data are needed for this purpose.     

USE OF THE INTERCHANGE MODEL TO PREDICT ENTRAINMENT IN VERTICAL ANNULAR FLOW

Entrapment, E, in vertical gas-liquid annular flows may be pictured as a balance between the rate of atomization, RA, of the liquid layer and the rate of deposition of drops, R D. Laboratory measurements of RA, RD and E are reviewed. Theoretical analyses are discussed which picture RA as related to the growth of wavelets through a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and RB as being directly proportional to the root-mean-square of the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the drops. An equation for E can be developed, which assumes that the deposition constant is independent of drop concentration and that the rate of atomization varies linearly with the flow rale of the liquid in the film. Limitations of this approach, suggested by measurements of RA and RD at large liquid flows, are discussed.     

煤油在内螺纹管中流动沸腾强化传热特性

针对石油化工过程中沸腾传热设备技术改造的需要 ,在 3× 1 0 5Pa (绝对压力 )的条件下 ,对煤油在垂直内螺纹管中的上升流动沸腾传热进行了实验研究 ,将实验结果同煤油在光管中的实验结果进行了比较 .实验结果表明 ,内螺纹管中的沸腾换热系数是光管的 1 6～ 2倍 ,并且可在小温差条件下实现流动沸腾传热 .提出了煤油在内螺纹管中的流动沸腾换热系数的关联式 ,并对煤油在内螺纹管中的流动沸腾特性和强化传热机理进行了分析 .     

垂直上升气液两相弹状流模型

基于等效弹单元思想,改进了预测垂直上升管中充分发展气液弹状流流动特性的模型。 模型中考虑了界面切应力对液膜运动的影响;并在液弹空隙度预测中引入临界气体夹带速度的概念,以此来描述弹状流中大气泡尾部的混合特性。本文提出的模型还考虑了管径对液弹空隙度的影响。弹状流模型的计算结果得到本文及其他作者实验数据的验证。     

垂直下降沸腾管两相流传热恶化研究

<正>1引言 传热恶化有不同的类型,就工程换热设备设计和运行的实际需要来说,人们最关心的是以下几点：（1）传热恶化发生的位置（壁温飞升起始点）,一般用。cr来表示;（2）传热恶化发生后壁温飞升的最大值,一般用A儿。。来表示;（3）壁温飞升最大值的位置,一般用K。。。来表示;（4）传热恶化发生后的。mi。。本文着重分析讨论后3个问题。     

水平微肋管内流动蒸发换热特性的实验研究

为了研究微肋管结构尺寸及工况等对管内流动蒸发性能的影响,对4种微肋管和1根9.52 mm光管进行了实验,4根微肋管中管外径为9.52 mm和7 mm的各2根,所用工质为R22.实验中质量流速变化范围为90～400kg&#8226;m^-2&#8226;s^-1,所选工况为：蒸发温度7℃,入口干度15%～20%,出口过热度5～6℃.获得了蒸发换热性能随质量流速的变化,讨论了微肋结构尺寸和管径等对蒸发换热性能的影响.两根9.52mm微肋管的传热系数比光管分别分别提高了130%和180%,而其内表面积只比光管分别增加了40%和70%.     

PREDICTION OF FLOW REGIME TRANSITIONS IN VERTICAL UPWARD THREE PHASE GAS-LIQUID-SOLID FLOW

The effect of solids concentration on the bubble to bubble-slug, bubble-slug to slug, and slug to churn flow transitions in gas-liquid-solid vertical flow has been studied using air, water, and glass beads in a 5 cm ID plexiglass column. Several simple models to predict the transitions were developed utilizing criteria proposed for gas-liquid vertical flow. These criteria are shown to apply equally well in the absence or presence of the solid phase

With solids present in the flow, the bubble to bubble-slug and bubble-slug to slug flow transitions both occurred at lower superficial gas velocities because of increased bubble coalescence. However, the slug to churn flow transition was unaffected by solids in the range of flow conditions studied.     

添加剂对流动沸腾传热的影响

研究了添加剂对垂直管内流动沸腾传热的影响,选用W/O型聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM)和十八烷胺(简称ODA)为添加剂,研究添加剂水溶液的性质、添加剂浓度、流速、热通量、聚合物分子量等因素对流动沸腾传热的影响.采用X光射线光电子能谱仪测试了添加剂分子在管壁上的吸附情况,并对壁面特性进行了分析.研究结果表明,W/O型聚丙烯酰胺和十八烷胺都具有强化流动沸腾传热的性能,而且有最佳浓度范围。PAM还具有减阻性能,因而可提高流速来强化流动沸腾传热。     

多孔表面管内高沸点工质的强化流动沸腾换热与阻力特性

建立了带有气液分离器的高沸点有机工质流动沸腾换热实验台,对垂直上升多孔表面管内高沸点有机工质异丙苯的强化流动沸腾换热与阻力特性进行了实验研究,获得了传热系数与压降随干度的变化情况,并与光管内的实验结果进行了比较.另外,还通过实验得到了三个质量流速下的流动沸腾曲线.实验过程中质量流速范围为391～790kg&#8226;m^-2&#8226;s^-1,实验工况干度范围为0.09～0.58,压力范围为0.16～0.31MPa.通过对实验数据的回归分析,获得了传热系数与摩擦压降的计算关联式.实验结果表明,多孔表面管在强化换热的同时,并没有使阻力增加很多,具有良好的应用前景.     

DISPERSED FLOW HEAT TRANSFER IN CIRCULAR BENDS

This paper presents an experimental study of dispersed flow heat transfer in 90-degree circular bends. From extensive measurements, two different heat transfer patterns are identified, i.e. heat transfer without and with rewetting. Their intrinsic mechanisms are analysed, based on the present experimental evidence and our previous theoretical studies. Effects of mass flow rate, wall heat flux, system pressure and curvature ratio on heat transfer are also investigated. An empirical criterion is developed to identify the heat transfer pattern in the bend.     

非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在水平微翅管内流动沸腾特性

对非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在5种水平微翅管内的流动沸腾特性进行了实验研究,获得了传热系数随质量流量、热通量及干度的变化关系,并对各种工况下的换热机理进行了分析和讨论.同时,对R22和R32/R134a在微翅管与光管内水平流动沸腾传热系数进行了比较.     

DISPERSED FLOW HEAT TRANSFER IN CIRCULAR BENDS

This paper presents an experimental study of dispersed flow heat transfer in 90-degree circular bends. From extensive measurements, two different heat transfer patterns are identified, i.e. heat transfer without and with rewetting. Their intrinsic mechanisms are analysed, based on the present experimental evidence and our previous theoretical studies. Effects of mass flow rate, wall heat flux, system pressure and curvature ratio on heat transfer are also investigated. An empirical criterion is developed to identify the heat transfer pattern in the bend.     

CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER WITH TURBULENT FLOW IN A CIRCULAR TUBE

A steady heat transfer problem has been analyzed as a conjugate problem with turbulent flow in a circular tube. The three kinds of thermal boundary conditions considered here are specified as constant temperature, constant heat flux and constant heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface of the wall.

From the results of numerical calculation for Prandtl numbers in the range 0.01 ≤ Pr ≤ 10 and for Reynolds numbers in the range 10⁴ ≤ Re ≤ 10⁵, it was confirmed that the dimensionless parameter R_c could have significant effects on the heat transfer and the temperature field in the fluid adjacent to the wall.     

T形强化传热管在海水淡化器中的应用

本文用蒸馏法对海水进行淡化,将T形强化传热管用于海水淡化器中,并对T形管和光滑管的海水沸腾换热进行了对比实验测定。实验结果表明,采用T形强化传热管后,过热度由光滑管的8℃左右降低为5℃左右;管外传热膜系数增加80％;长期运行,T形管热阻只增加15％,而光滑管增加100％。采用T形管强化海水沸腾,将大大降低能耗,有很好的工业应用前景。     

加入惰性固体粒子的二元物系的流动沸腾传热特性

引　言流动沸腾传热广泛存在于石油、化工、轻工、动力及能源等各个领域 ,但三相流动沸腾传热的研究极少 .李修伦等[1]在流动沸腾系统中加入惰性固体粒子 ,进行了汽 -液 -固三相流沸腾传热的初步研究 .李修伦、闻建平[2 ,3]进一步将三相流和沸腾换热相结合 ,较好地解决了沸腾传热强化和防垢、除垢问题 .李修伦、张利斌等[4 ]又采用循环流化床技术 ,结合粒子在沸腾系统中的强化特性 ,开发了汽 -液 -固三相循环流化床蒸发器 ,它具有良好的强化传热和防、除垢性能 .上述研究均属于单组分三相流动沸腾传热 ,而关于二元物系三相流动沸腾传热的研…     

垂直同心环形管内上升气液团状流向环状流的转换

对垂直同心环形管内上升气液团状流向环状流的转换进行了研究 .根据团状流及环状流的流动特性 ,并考虑同心环形管的结构特征 ,建立了垂直同心环形管上升气液团状流向环状流转换的新的理论模型 .通过本文的实验数据及其他研究者的实验数据对该模型的预测性能进行了检验 ,并与其他研究者的模型进行了比较 .结果表明本文的转换模型预测性能较好     

横纹槽管束在不同支承结构下的传热及流阻性能试验

<正>横纹槽管是苏联60年代由Mигай和Kaлинин等人开发的双面强化管（图1）。它只有边界层分离流,而无对传热作用不大却使流阻增加较多的螺旋流,故其性能明显优于螺     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TRANSFER IN THE SQUEEZING FLOW BETWEEN PARALLEL DISKS

This article addresses the squeezing flow and heat transfer between parallel disks when one disk is impermeable and the other is porous. Appropriate similarity transformations are invoked to convert the partial differential equations into ordinary ones. Expressions for velocity and temperature fields have been obtained by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of embedding parameters such as squeeze number (S), Hartman number (M), Prandtl number (Pr), and Eckert number (Ec) are analyzed through graphs for the velocity and temperature profiles and tables for skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number. It is observed that the series solutions are convergent only at third-order of approximation. The obtained results for velocity are also compared with the homotopy perturbation method (Domairry and Aziz, 2009).     

螺旋槽管中单相水与油湍流摩擦阻力与传热特性

对单相水与油分别在4根不同几何参数的螺旋槽管中湍流摩擦阻力与传热特性进行了试验研究。以动量传递与热量传递的模拟理论为基础,由试验结果的关联得到了动量传递粗糙度函数（R函数）与热量传递粗糙度函数（G函数）的表达式,并与前人工作进行了比较。针对油的Pr随温度变化较大的特性,提出了改进的强化传热性能评价方法,并据此对1号与2号试验管进行了评价。研究结果可用于换热器设计及优化螺旋槽管几何参数。