SYBR GreenⅠ实时PCR快速检测沙门菌

为应用SYBR GreenⅠ实时PCR技术建立沙门菌的快速检测方法，根据沙门菌invA基因序列的特点设计特异性引物，进行SYBR GreenⅠ实时PCR检测。以沙门菌及非同源性参考菌株做特异性检测；沙门菌不同群菌株做重现性检测；将沙门菌菌株稀释成不同梯度，做灵敏度检测。该方法有较好的特异性、重现性，沙门菌属5个群菌株均为阳性：而其它非同源菌株均为阴性。该方法灵敏度较高，检测低限为19CFU／ml。该方法特异性强，重现性好，敏感性高，可以快速、准确检测食品中沙门菌。应用实时PCR技术，利用SYBR GreenⅠ染料能选择性结合双链DNA的特点，可检测到沙门菌中invA基因特异性靶序列扩增所产生的荧光信号，且通过熔解曲线可知其熔点值约为80，4℃，而对其它非沙门菌则检测不到荧光信号。SYBR GreenⅠ实时PCR能通过熔解曲线有效地区分特异性产物、非特异性产物以及引物二聚体，是基因鉴定检测的新方法。     

环介导等温扩增方法在食品中沙门菌检测的应用和评价

将环介导等温扩增检测方法应用于食品中沙门菌的检验,并在检测方法特异性、灵敏度等方面与实时荧光PCR和传统检测方法进行比较。方法 针对沙门菌属高度保守的fimY基因设计环介导等温扩增检测引物并优化反应体系,在特异性、灵敏度和实际样品检测等方面与实时荧光PCR及传统检测方法比对。结果 本研究建立的LAMP方法检测沙门菌93株和非目标菌31株,具有良好的特异性。在纯培养、无需增菌情况下,其检测灵敏度为6.4×10²cfu/ml,与实时荧光PCR方法相当。食品基质添加试验中,环介导等温扩增方法检测低限为2cfu/25g样品;对45份实际食品样品检测结果表明,该方法实际样品检出率为11.1%,与实时荧光PCR及传统方法检测结果一致。结论 本研究建立的沙门菌环介导等温扩增检测方法具有良好的特异性,检测灵敏度与实时荧光PCR相当,适用于沙门菌的快速筛选。     

双重PCR检测生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌O157∶H7和沙门菌方法的建立与应用

目的建立生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌和沙门菌的双重PCR检测方法,并初步调查生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌和沙门菌的污染情况。方法以大肠杆菌O157∶H7 rfb E基因和沙门菌inv A基因为靶基因设计引物。通过对单个基因PCR和多重基因PCR扩增进行特异性、敏感性试验以及优化反应体系,建立快速检测大肠杆菌和沙门菌的双重PCR法。在郑州市不同地区的综合性超市、冷鲜肉专卖店和农贸市场随机抽检144份生鲜猪肉样品,分别进行了PCR检测和常规微生物学检验。结果建立的双重PCR方法特异性好,抗干扰能力强,灵敏度可达到10 pg/μl。在144份样品中检测出大肠杆菌的样品数为10份,检出率为6.94%;检出沙门菌的样品数为13份,检出率为9.03%;大肠杆菌和沙门菌同时检出的有2份,占总样品的1.39%。结论初步建立了同步、简便、快速、灵敏地检测生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌、沙门菌的双重PCR方法;生鲜猪肉中存在致病菌的污染问题,将威胁到食品安全和人体健康,不容忽视。     

上转磷光免疫层析检测肠出血性大肠杆菌0157

目的建立一种肠出血性大肠杆菌0157的上转磷光免疫层析快速检测方法。方法利用上转换磷光标记和双抗体夹心免疫层析技术检测大肠杆菌0157，评价了该法的敏感性和特异性，并用于模拟污染食品样品的检测。结果该法能在加min内完成检测，应用于不同的肠杆菌科细菌如其他大肠杆菌、沙门菌、志贺菌、变形杆菌、产气肠杆菌、枸橼酸杆菌、沙雷菌、耶尔森菌以及葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、单增李斯特菌等23种28株常见细菌，未发现有交叉反应，检测灵敏度为5×10^3CFU／ml，每次最低可检测500个细菌，对奶粉、咖啡粉、饼干、蛋糕、绿豆糕、果冻、燕窝、果汁等样品中的人工染菌均可检测，最低检测浓度为5×10^3CFU／ml。结论肠出血性大肠杆菌0157上转磷光免疫层析方法简便快速，特异性和灵敏性好，适用于现场的快速检测。     

食品中沙门菌PCR检测方法的建立

为建立食品中快速检测沙门菌的PCR方法。选取沙门菌属侵袭性抗原保守基因invA基因上的靶序列设计一对引物,选择最适Mg 浓度和退火温度,建立最适PCR反应体系,用2%琼脂糖,5μl反应产物(包括EB),100V,40min进行电泳,显像。用该引物对已经传统方法鉴定的22种77株沙门菌和24种24株非沙门菌进行特异性检测,并对人工污染的食品进行检测条件的研究。Mg 浓度和退火温度对该反应体系的影响较小,稳定性较好;经传统方法鉴定的22种77株沙门菌和24种24株非沙门菌验证了该检验方法具有很好的特异性;该检测方法可以在19h内检出含有沙门菌102CFUg的食品(火腿肠、鸡蛋、散装肉馅)。与传统方法比较,该方法快速、敏感、特异,能在较短的时间内对大量样品同时进行检测,适用于食品中沙门菌的快速、敏感、特异检测。     

多重聚合酶链式反应技术检测罗非鱼5种常见食源性致病菌

目的 建立一种可同时检测无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门菌(Salmonella) 5种罗非鱼常见食源性致病菌的多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法。方法 根据5种致病菌特异性基因片段设计并合成引物,优化多重PCR体系条件,并对多重PCR体系的特异性、灵敏度以及人工模拟样品进行检测。结果 建立的多重PCR方法可同时扩增5种目的菌株的特异性条带,且不与非靶标细菌发生交叉反应。敏感性实验结果显示,该方法对无乳链球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、沙门菌、霍乱弧菌、大肠杆菌纯培养物基因组DNA的检出限均为0.4 ng/μL。人工模拟样品检测结果显示,该方法可以快速且准确地检测上述5种食源性致病菌,且检出限可达到2×10¹ CFU/g。结论 本研究建立了一种可同时检测无乳链球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、霍乱弧菌、大肠杆菌和沙门菌5种罗非鱼常见食源性致病菌的多重PCR检测...     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌特异性基因筛选及PCR检测体系建立

以甲型副伤寒沙门菌为检测目标,通过比较基因组和聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）验证方法筛选到4 个该血清型的特异性基因,其中以gene_3105作为该血清型的检测靶点设计引物PA23;并结合沙门菌属特异性引物139-141,建立一种甲型副伤寒沙门菌的PCR检测方法。优化PCR反应体系,并对该检测体系的特异性、灵敏度、抗干扰能力及人工污染样品检出限等方面进行评价。结果表明,当样品中含有甲型副伤寒沙门菌时,该体系能扩增出2?条特异性条带,含有其他血清型的沙门菌仅能扩增出284?bp条带,不含沙门菌无扩增条带产生。灵敏度评价表明,基因组DNA和纯菌菌落检出限分别为32.4?pg/μL和4.3×103?CFU/mL;抗干扰能力实验显示,当鸡肉背景菌群和猪肉背景菌群浓度在106?CFU/mL和4.87×107?CFU/mL时,检出限为6.43×104?CFU/mL。当无菌的鸡肉和猪肉样品中添加N?CFU/25?g甲型副伤寒沙门菌时,经10?h增菌,检测结果为阳性（0＜N＜10）。实验建立甲型副伤寒沙门菌PCR检测方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,有很好的应用价值,可在食品安全领域广泛应用。     

TaqMan探针法实时荧光定量PCR快速检测沙门菌的探讨

为建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的实时荧光定量PCR法用于沙门菌的检验，根据GenBank上登录的编号为AE016841的沙门菌序列，应用生物学软件在fimY基因的保守区设计引物和TaqMan探针，同时应用BLAST程序进行网上序列比对，并进行筛选、优化。用鼠伤寒标准菌和60份食品样本进行本检测方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性试验，并与常规法和科玛嘉平板分离法做比较。本方法对沙门菌的检测具高度的特异性，检测的灵敏度这102CFU／ml，从增菌至完成检测仅需24h左右，是一种快速检测沙门菌的敏感、特异的新方法。     

串珠镰刀菌分离菌株PCR筛选鉴定方法的研究

为监测粮食中的串珠镰刀菌污染，根据rDNA18S、5．8S、28S及其间区ITS和ITS2序列，设计了1对镰刀菌属特异性引物Fu3／Fu4及2对串珠镰刀菌种特异性引物Fu5／Fu4(Ⅰ型ITS2特异性)和Fu3／Fu2(Ⅱ型ITS2特异性)，建立了串珠镰刀菌PCR及复合PCR检测方法。Fu3／Fu4、Fu3/Fu2和FuS／Fu4分剐扩增516bp、375bp和188bp的DNA片段。Fu3／Fu4 PCR的检出灵敏度为10pg，FuS／Fu4为100pg，复合PCR(Fu3、Fu5和Fu4)的检出限为100pg，分别相当于每次反应检出10^3、10^4和10^4个孢子。复合PCR可以同时鉴别镰刀菌属和串珠镰刀菌种。检测了32株从山东、浙江、安徽和河南4省区分离的串珠镰刀菌及交孢镰刀菌，26株为Ⅰ型ITS2特异性，4株为Ⅱ型ITS2特异性，两株待定。该方法可用于大量快速筛选串珠镰刀菌，有利于进一步开展串珠镰刀茵在我国的生态分布、生物地域学及系统发育学等方面的研究。该方法快速、敏感、特异，适宜粮食中串珠镰刀菌污染的监测。     

SYBR~ GreenⅠ实时PCR快速检测沙门菌

为应用SYBRGreenⅠ实时PCR技术建立沙门菌的快速检测方法,根据沙门菌invA基因序列的特点设计特异性引物,进行SYBRRGreenⅠ实时PCR检测。以沙门菌及非同源性参考菌株做特异性检测;沙门菌不同群菌株做重现性检测;将沙门菌菌株稀释成不同梯度,做灵敏度检测。该方法有较好的特异性、重现性,沙门菌属5个群菌株均为阳性,而其它非同源菌株均为阴性。该方法灵敏度较高,检测低限为19CFUml。该方法特异性强,重现性好,敏感性高,可以快速、准确检测食品中沙门菌。应用实时PCR技术,利用SYBRGreenI染料能选择性结合双链DNA的特点,可检测到沙门菌中invA基因特异性靶序列扩增所产生的荧光信号,且通过熔解曲线可知其熔点值约为80.4℃,而对其它非沙门菌则检测不到荧光信号。SYBRGreenⅠ实时PCR能通过熔解曲线有效地区分特异性产物、非特异性产物以及引物二聚体,是基因鉴定检测的新方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.