用滚轧法制备同位素Cu和Ag靶

一、引言核物理实验需要~(63)Cu和~(107)Ag靶,具体要求是:(1) 自支撑金属靶,(2)因同位素量少价高,应尽量减少靶材料的损失,(3)靶的厚度为1—2 mg/cm~2,厚度测量的精度好于5%,(4)靶的均匀性好于95%。原则上,真空蒸发、重离子溅射、电镀和滚轧这四种     

~(92)Nb核高自旋能级结构

正在中国原子能科学研究院的HI-13串列加速器核物理实验室进行实验,通过重离子熔合蒸发反应~(82)Se(~(14)N,~4n)~(92)Nb布居双奇核~(92)Nb的高自旋态,选取的最佳束流能量点为54MeV。实验用靶为浓缩~(82)Se有衬靶,靶材料厚度为0.99mg/cm~2,     

自支撑同位素铬靶的制备方法

一、引言核物理实验需要各种厚度的自支撑同位素铬靶,首先我们用电镀法试制成0.5—2mg/cm~2的自支撑铬靶,为了获得更薄的自支撑铬靶,我们改用真空蒸发法进行试验,制成了厚度为0.2—0.4 mg/cm~2的自支撑铬靶。     

骨肿瘤治疗药物的研究 Ⅰ.~(153)Sm及~(153)Sm-EDTMP的制备

作者用天然丰度的钐氧化物(Sm_2O_3,~(152)Sm丰度为26.7％)作靶料,在中子注量率为4×10~(13)n/cm~2·s的条件下,照射时间大于110h,可得核纯很高。比度不低于5.18GBq(140mCi)/mg Sm_2O_3的~(153)Sm。~(153)Sm与EDTMP(乙二胺四甲撑膦酸)络合条件的研究表明:在pH为8-10的范围内,沸水浴中反应30min,~(153)Sm-EDTMP产率大于98％。采用~(153)Sm示踪法测定了Sm(~(153)Sm)-EDTMP的组成,结果证明,Sm(~(153)Sm)与EDTMP络合组成为1:1。~(153)Sm-EDTMP稳定性实验结果表明:在络合物形成后的一个星期内,产率基本不变。     

~(134)Ce能级寿命测量

正对~(134) Ce的能级寿命进行了实验研究,成功测得~(134)Ce核素的负宇称带的多个能级寿命并确定了其组态以及其他核结构信息。本实验于2017年3月在中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器上完成的。~(134) Ce原子核的激发态通过重离子熔合蒸发反应~(122)Sn(~(16) O,4n)~(134)Ce布居,束流能量为76 MeV。利用多普勒反冲距离法测量~(134) Ce的能级寿命实验用靶为800μg/cm2的~(122)Sn蒸镀到1.9 mg/cm~2的钽衬上,阻停膜为9.9mg/cm2的钽。靶膜和阻停膜都安装在用于寿命测量装置——Plunger上。靶膜固定于靶室     

重离子加速器在线测量实验区的屏蔽设计

本文主要介绍了重离子加速器核物理实验在线测量中为降低辐射本底而采用的多层组合屏蔽设计。计算了能量为700MeV 的~(12)C 重离子入射~(56)Fe 厚靶产生的中子产额(0.16n/离子)、能谱和角分布。采用铁(50 cm)、标准混凝土(150 cm)和硼砂层(1 cm)三层组合屏蔽,可在700MeV ~(12)C 重离子以7.5×10~(10)离子/s 流强入射~(56)Fe 厚靶下,把实验区的中子通量密度降低到1n/cm~2·s 左右。     

薄铜靶的制备及其厚度测量

一、引言联邦德国重离子研究所的物理实验需要一系列薄铜靶,其要求是:(1)厚度为2、4、8、15、30、100 μm/cm~2;(2)靶的大小为φ15 mm;(3)靶的均匀性好于9%;(4)厚度测量精度为10%(>30 μg/cm~2的靶)和20%(<30 μg/cm~2的靶)。     

27 ^178Os的高自旋态寿命测量

实验工作于2004年9月在HI-13串列加速器上完成。通过重离子熔合蒸发反应^29Si＋^154Sm布局^178Os核的高自旋态。实验中^154Sm靶的厚度为1．4mg／cm^2，衬底采用厚度为20mg／cm^2的铅衬，束流能量为155MeV。     

相对论重离子核反应产生的中子能量和通量的固体径迹测定

在苏联杜布纳联合核子研究所同步稳相加速器上用CR-39探测器测量了44GeV ~(12)C+Cu(厚靶)核反应产生的中子能量和通量。测量表明.这一核反应释放的中子的平均能量为15.8±2.8MeV,当入射重离子数目为6×10~(11)时,与~(12)C束成～70°方向,距靶～60cm处的中子积分通量为(4.5±0.3)×10~9cm~2。这一方法可用来测量相对论重离子核反应释放的中子的角分布和每个入射重离子或每次核反应可产生的中子平均数目。     

烯土元素干扰裂变产物~(149)Sm测定的研究

一、前言 ~(235)U热中子裂变产生的裂变产物钐有~(144)Sm、~(147)Sm、~(149)Sm、~(152)Sm、~(154)Sm同位素,其中~(148)m热中子吸收截面最大,约41000靶。~(149)Sm对反应性影响甚大,在反应堆技术中人们又称之为可燃毒物。为了确定裂变产物~(149)Sm的绝对量,一般都采用同位素稀释质谱法,此法既准确,又灵敏。被选作稀释剂的同位素,大部分是浓缩度高的同位素(一般大于90％)。通过质谱测定稀释剂浓度、未加稀释剂样品和加了稀释剂的混合     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量

为研究微型X射线管的特性,通过电离室测量光管出射口30 cm远处的空气比释动能,使用高纯锗探测器分别测量了Ag过滤和Cu过滤下的X射线能谱。结果表明,空气比释动能随电流的增加有线性增加的趋势,能谱图明显的观察到银的两个特征X射线。完成了微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量方法以及实验测量的工作,为微型x射线管下辐射质的建立提够了条件基础。     

Gamma-ray attenuation technique for measuring void fraction in horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow

The measurement of void fraction is of importance to the oil industry and chemical industry. In this article, the principle and mathematical method of determining the void fraction of horizontal gas-liquid flow by using a single-energy γ-ray system is described. The γ-ray source is the radioactive isotope of 241Am with γ-ray energy of 59.5 keV. The time-averaged value of the void fraction in a 50.0-mm i.d. transparent horizontal pipeline is measured under various combinations of the liquid flow and gas flow. It is found that increasing the gas flow rate at a fixed liquid flow rate would increase the void fraction. Test data are compared with the predictions of the correlations and a good agreement is found. The result shows that the designed γ-ray system can be used for measuring the void fraction in a horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow with high accuracy.