数据立方体切片的核心聚类分析方法

对立方体数据的分析挖掘由于具有广泛的现实应用而日益得到人们的重视.基于对立方体切片数据的分析应用问题,提出了一种新的核心聚类分析方法.核心聚类分析主要针对传统聚类模型得到的结果类簇不够紧密和需要预先定义类簇的数目等不足之处,而点对敏感聚类模型(pair-wise cluster)算法复杂度是NP难的问题而设计.核心聚类模型将数据集合中的点划分为若干不相交的核心点集和边界点集,同一核心点集内任意点对的相似度大于阈值σ,而不同核心点集的点对相似度小于阈值σ.核心聚类模型挖掘出的核心点集是紧密类簇,并且具备良好的分类性质.由于采用了局部优化算法,核心聚类模型的算法复杂度为O(n2),较点对敏感的最大相关成员簇聚类模型大大降低.同时,可以通过核心点集和边界点集构造最大相关成员簇的上界,这就在一定程度上保证了核心聚类模型结果的完备性.实验和分析对比说明核心聚类模型具有较高的算法效率,可扩展性强,结果表示合理,能够很好地解决现实应用问题.     

多层核心集凝聚算法

许多经典的聚类算法,如平均链接,K-means,K-medoids,Clara,Clarans等,都是利用单一的聚类中心进行聚类.为克服单一聚类中心只能描述凸状聚类的缺陷,CURE,DBSCAN等算法使用多个代表点(或稠密点)表述任意形状的聚类结构,但仍难以聚类重叠和噪声数据.为此,提出一种基于多层聚类中心(称为核心集)的凝聚聚类算法(MulCA).该算法使用了多层核心集表述聚类结构,使得每一层数据集向其核心集凝聚.同时,上层的核心集自动成为下层的数据集.随着每层核心集规模按α比例迅速减少,控制了凝聚过程的迭代次数.此外,引入了基于随机采样计算ε-核心集(RBC)的技巧,将MulCA算法应用于大规模数据集.大量的数值实验充分验证了MulCA算法的有效性.     

基于多层核心集凝聚思想的视频关键帧提取

关键帧提取是视频检索的一项关键技术。针对传统的关键帧提取算法准确度低,视频检索的查全率和查准率不高的问题,提出一种基于多层核心凝聚思想的视频关键帧提取算法。首先,对文献[1]提出的多层核心集凝聚算法(MULCA)进行研究,并利用K-medoids算法用真实数据作为聚类中心的特性,对MULCA算法的凝聚粗化和凝聚细化两个重要过程进行改进,用其替代原粗化过程得到的顶层核心集,设计了一种新的多层核心集凝聚算法(IMULCA),实现了顶层核心集的快速准确定位,并可适当减少凝聚层数,简化了算法的计算复杂性。然后,将IMULCA算法应用到视频关键帧提取中,实验结果表明所提改进算法相对于原有算法能够更加有效地对视频关键帧进行提取。     

K-means型多视图聚类中的初始化问题研究

在K-means型多视图聚类算法中,最终的聚类结果会受到初始类中心的影响。因此研究了不同的初始中心选择方法对K-means型多视图聚类算法的影响,并提出一种基于采样的主动式初始中心选择方法(sampledclustering by fast search and find of density peaks,SDPC)。该方法通过对数据集进行均匀采样,利用密度峰值快速搜索聚类算法(clustering by fast search and find of density peaks,DPC),以及K-means再迭代策略,进一步改善多视图聚类中的初始中心选择效率和类个数问题。实验验证了不同初始化方法对K-means型多视图聚类算法的影响。多视图基准数据集上的实验结果表明:全局(核)K-means初始化方法存在时间复杂度过高的问题,AFKMC~2(assumption-free K-Markov chain Monte Carlo)初始化适用于大规模数据,DPC可以主动选择类个数和初始类中心,SDPC较DPC而言,不仅能主动式获得类个数,还在聚类精度和效率上取得了较好的折衷。     

结合K近邻的改进密度峰值聚类算法

针对密度峰值聚类算法（DPC）在处理维数较高、含噪声及结构复杂数据集时聚类性能不佳问题,提出一种结合K近邻的改进密度峰值聚类算法（IDPCA）。该算法首先给出新的局部密度度量方法来描述每个样本在空间中的分布情况,然后引入核心点的概念并结合K近邻思想设计了全局搜索分配策略,通过不断将核心点的未分配K近邻正确归类以加快聚类速度,进而提出一种基于K近邻加权的统计学习分配策略,利用剩余点的K近邻加权信息来确定其被分配到各局部类的概率,有效提高了聚类质量。实验结果表明,IDPCA算法在21个典型的测试数据集上均有良好的适用性,而在与DPC算法及另外3种典型聚类算法的性能指标对比上,其优势更为明显。     

基于径向基神经网络和正则化极限学习机的多标签学习模型*

相比径向基(RBF)神经网络,极限学习机(ELM)训练速度更快,泛化能力更强.同时,近邻传播聚类算法(AP)可以自动确定聚类个数.因此,文中提出融合AP聚类、多标签RBF(ML-RBF)和正则化ELM(RELM)的多标签学习模型(ML-AP-RBF-RELM).首先,在该模型中输入层使用ML-RBF进行映射,且通过AP聚类算法自动确定每一类标签的聚类个数,计算隐层节点个数.然后,利用每类标签的聚类个数通过K均值聚类确定隐层节点RBF函数的中心.最后,通过RELM快速求解隐层到输出层的连接权值.实验表明,ML-AP-RBF-RELM效果较好.     

基于过滤模型的聚类算法

合理的聚类原型是正确聚类的前提.针对现有聚类算法原型选取不合理、计算聚类个数存在偏差等问题,提出基于过滤模型的聚类算法(CA-FM).算法以提出的过滤模型去除干扰聚类过程的边界和噪声对象,依据核心对象之间的近邻关系生成邻接矩阵,通过遍历矩阵计算聚类个数;然后,按密度因子将数据对象排序,从中选出聚类原型;最后,将其余对象按照距高密度对象的最小距离划分到相应的簇中,形成最终聚类.在人工合成数据集、UCI数据集以及人脸识别数据集上的实验结果验证了算法的有效性,与同类算法相比,CA-FM算法具有较高的聚类精度.     

改进的全局K'-means算法及其在数据分类中的应用

为了解决初始聚类中心的选择、簇个数的确定以及孤立点的避免等问题,提出了一种改进的全局K'-means算法.改进的算法不仅能够利用辅助聚类函数来计算初始点,而且能够利用目标函数在没有预定义聚类个数的前提下,找到实际的聚类中心个数,同时避免r孤立点问题.将改进的算法应用到实际数据集的分类中,并与改进的全局K-means算法以及K'-means算法进行了比较,实验结果证明所提出的算法能获得更好的聚类结果.     

一种带权的混合数据聚类个数确定算法

混合数据的聚类过程中通常面临一个不可回避的问题:聚类个数的确定。基于Liang k-prototype算法引入属性权重,重新定义混合数据缺失某类的类间熵和(SBAE_M)、有效性指标(CUM)及相异性度量。提出一种带权的混合数据聚类个数确定算法。该算法的基本思想是:用newk-prototype算法将混合数据进行聚类,计算其聚类结果的CUM及SBAE_M,将最坏的类剔除,并将该类中的对象用新的相异性度量进行重新分配,CUM最大时包含的类别数即为聚类个数。在5个UCI数据集上验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于KD树改进的DBSCAN聚类算法

针对DBSCAN聚类算法随着数据量增大,耗时越发非常严重的问题,提出一种基于KD树改进的DBSCAN算法(以下简称KD-DBSCAN).通过KD树对数据集进行划分,构造邻域对象集,提前区分出噪声点和核心点,避免聚类过程中对噪声的邻域集计算以及加快了核心点对象的邻域集查询速度.文中以浮动车GPS数据为实验数据,对比传统D...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.