最严铊、锑污染物排放标准出台

正为了最大限度减少工业企业排放的铊、锑污染物对水环境的影响,江苏省 9 月 1 日起实施《钢铁工业废水中铊污染物排放标准》《纺织染整工业废水中锑污染物排放标准》。铊元素以微量形式广泛存在于矿石中,所以钢铁行业在冶炼过程中会产生少量含铊废水,但目前钢铁行业国家污染物排放标准中无铊污染物排放限值要求。江苏省确定钢铁工业废水中,铊污染物在车间或生产设施废水排口的排放限值为     

《恶臭污染物排放标准》修订的若干意见

从实际的恶臭监测分析出发,结合执行《恶臭污染物排放标准》过程中的各种体会,从标准的适用范围、浓度排放限值以及采样环节等三个方面,对《恶臭污染物排放标准》的修订提出了若干意见.建议对排放标准的适用范围进行调整,增加行业排放标准,对有组织排放增加浓度排放限值规定,对采样气象条件、采样点位、采样频率进行明确,并引入背景值或本底值的测量,对测量结果进行修正.     

《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》之管见

将《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》(GB 31570—2015)与石油炼制行业在此之前执行的《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB16297—1996)等标准进行了比较。指出,《GB 31570—2015》针对不同排放源细化了控制要求,部分指标收严了排放限值,增加了特别排放限值要求,明确扩大了石油炼制工业废水的范围,提出了VOCs的控制要求。分析了其标准在执行中可能出现的问题,提出了实施的建议。     

火电厂执行大气污染物排放新标准的达标研究

新标准《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB 13223—2011)中现役机组排放限值于2014年7月1日正式执行,与旧标准《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB 13223—2003)相比排放限值大幅趋严,且增加了燃煤电厂汞排放限值。选取具有代表性的电厂锅炉进行手工和在线监测,结果表明,燃煤机组需有高效除尘器和脱硝设施才可稳定达标;燃油机组无法达到标准限值要求,未来应逐步淘汰或改用清洁能源;天然气机组二氧化硫和氮氧化物可以达到该标准要求。建议对燃煤电厂锅炉低负荷下脱硝设施的运行、低浓度下烟尘测定的准确性以及汞排放监测进一步研究。     

汽车修理养护企业挥发性有机物排放控制标准探讨

通过对汽车修理养护企业喷烤漆废气排放现状进行调查分析,指出中国目前适用于控制汽车修理养护企业废气排放的标准《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB 16297-1996)在实际运用中存在的问题。依据《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T 3840-1991)《大气污染物综合排放标准详解》《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1-2007)《工业企业设计卫生标准》(TJ 36-1979)、美国环保局多介质环境模型等,用不同方法计算汽车修理养护企业排放的废气中几种挥发性有机物的排放浓度和排放速率限值,并对监测结果进行评价分析,提出编制汽车修理养护企业废气排放控制标准的建议。     

11项国家排放新标准全面提升污染控制水平

环境保护部日前颁布的11项排放标准,分别为：《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》《电镀污染物排放标准》《羽绒工业水污染物排放标准》《合成革与人造革工业污染物排放标准》《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》《提取类制药工业水污染物排放标准》《中药类制药工业水污染物排放标准》《生物工程类制药工业水污染物排放标准》《混装制剂类制药工业水污染物排放标准》《制糖工业水污染物排放标准》。     

铬盐工业项目特征污染物的监测与数据问题分析

对铬及其化合物工业项目排放废气中特征污染物的监测方法和评价标准问题进行探讨,提出了验收监测应参考《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB 16297—1996)的建议;通过对监测数据的合理性和逻辑性分析,提出了现场监测和数据审核的注意事项,应严格监控工况,并详细记录关键设备运行参数;提出应把废气中六价铬作为特征污染物控制指标,并结合新颁布的《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)中对六价铬的要求,确定合理的排放限值,并研究适合的配套监测方法,为后续铬及其化合物工业污染物排放标准以及特征污染物监测方法的制修订提供技术依据。     

《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(GB13271-2014)浅析

为贯彻相关法律、法规,保护环境,防治污染,促进锅炉生产、运行和污染治理技术的进步,对《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》进行了第三次修订。文章从实际出发解读了新标准对锅炉大气污染物浓度排放限值、监测和监控的要求,从而为更好地执行该标准起到了积极的作用。     

《贵州省环境污染排放标准》中涉气项目修订原则与方法

以贵州省地方大气污染物排放标准为例,在充分分析其原标准存在问题的基础上,结合近年来颁布实施的环境质量标准、综合或行业污染物排放标准以及工作场所有害因素职业接触限值作为标准浓度限制值Cm,严格按照制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法,重新计算了该省固定排放源的排放限值。计算时,首次以所涉行业区位商作为设置经济技术参数Ke值的重要依据,克服了对欠发达地区经济技术参数"一刀切"的缺点,增加了标准的经济技术可行性。通过计算,地方标准的排放限值更趋于合理,符合国家对地方标准的有关要求。     

环境保护部发布六项污染物排放新标准

<正>环境保护部有关负责人日前向媒体通报,为贯彻落实国务院《大气污染防治行动计划》,环境保护部制定并会同国家质检总局发布了《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》(GB31570-2015)、《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB31571-2015)、《合成树脂工业污染物排放标准》(GB31572-2015)、《无机化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 31573-2015)、《再生铜、铝、铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB31573-2015)和《火葬场大气污染物排放标准》(GB13801-2015)等6项国家大气污染物     

Simultaneous quantitative monitoring of four indicator contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in different water sources of Central India using SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-MS

Environmental occurrence of CECs poses a great threat to both aquatic life and human health. The aim of this study was to optimize and validate SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-MS method for simultaneous quantitative monitoring of two sub-classes of CECs (pharmaceuticals and hormones) and to estimate the concentrations of select CECs in environmental water samples. For all the tested analytes, recoveries in laboratory reagent water were greater than 81%. Average percent (relative standard deviation) RSD of the analytes in recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility experiments were ≤?10%. Determination coefficients (r²) of primidone, diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were estimated to be 0.9979, 0.9972, 0.9968, and 0.9962, respectively. Limits of detection (LOD) for primidone, diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were 4.63 ng/L, 5.36 ng/L, 0.55 ng/L, and 0.88 ng/L, respectively. Limits of quantification (LOQ) for primidone, diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were 14.72 ng/L, 17.06 ng/L, 1.766 ng/L, and 2.813 ng/L, respectively. Average recoveries in environmental water and wastewater samples were greater than 74% and RSD were ≤?7%. Trace levels (68.33–125.70 ng/L) of primidone were detected in four environmental water samples, whereas diclofenac was not detected in any of the tested sample. Trace levels of progesterone were observed in two environmental samples (16.64 –203.73 ng/L), whereas testosterone was detected in STP inlet sample (178.16 ng/L).     

Spectrophotometric method for the determination of chromium (VI) in water samples

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chromium has been developed. The method is based on the diazotization of Dapsone in hydroxylamine hydrochloride medium and coupling with N-(1-Napthyl) Ethylene Diamine Dihydrochloride by electrophilic substitution to produce an intense pink azo-dye, which has absorption maximum at 540 nm. The Beer's law is obeyed from 0.02-1.0 microg mL(-1) and the molar absorptivity is 3.4854 L mol(-1) cm(-1). The Limits of quantification and Limit of detection of the proposed method are 0.0012 microg mL(-1) and 0.0039 microg mL(-1) respectively. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of chromium in water samples and the results were statistically evaluated with that of the reference method.     

烟尘由浓度控制向总量控制的初步探讨

煤烟型污染是我国我省也是我市大气污染的重要因素。控制烟尘污染源的排放浓度，虽对减轻污染，促进治理起了很大作用，但不能防止污染点源密集、大气环境容量严重超出的地区不可避免造成污染负荷增加；不能促使大气环境质量有明显改善。本文对日照市城区的烟尘污染源排放由浓度控制向总量控制过渡进行初步探讨。     

A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, China

The occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, East China. The water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The validation of the analytical method included linearity (0.1?C1 mg/L), recovery studies, and determination of limits of quantification. Limits of quantification of CBZ in various aquatic samples were in the range of 0.1?C0.2 ??g/L. CBZ was detected in the Tongji University Intramural River, the Huangpu River, and the Suzhou River with the highest concentration of 1,090 ng/L, but not detected in the Nanhengyin River and the Caojia River. In sewage water samples, CBZ was not detected in one of the sewage treatment plants (STPs) but was detected in the raw influents and effluents at the other three selected STPs in Shanghai, with the concentrations ranging from 230 to 1,110 ng/L. CBZ was not completely eliminated after secondary treatment (with the active sludge process).     

北京市中心商区射频电磁环境测试与分析

各类无线技术的发展和应用导致公众曝露于环境中的电磁场辐射的程度越来越高,由此引发的对人体健康风险的担忧促使诸多国家和组织开展了相关研究,并制定了电磁环境控制限值,电磁环境的空间分布也成为至关重要的基础数据。于2019年10—12月对北京市中心3个典型商区的电磁环境进行了测试,测试频段为10 MHz～8 GHz,属于射频范围。通过空间插值方法对测试数据进行处理,从而得到测试区域的射频电磁环境空间分布地图。对测试数据的进一步分析表明,测试区域的射频电磁环境水平主要分布在0.5～2.5 V/m,随空间距离变化较为剧烈,总体上符合《电磁环境控制限值》(GB 8702—2014)的要求。建议在城市发展过程中,对射频电磁环境进行持续、精细的监测。     

Determination of carbonyls using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of aldehydes and ketones based on mass spectrometric detection is described. Recently developed modular derivatizing agents are employed for analysis. These hydrazine reagents, e.g. 4-dimethylamino-6-(4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-hydrazine (DMNTH), react with the carbonyl compounds with the formation of the respective hydrazones, which are separated by HPLC-MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive mode. Electrospray ionization may also be used for analysis. Particular focus is directed on various calibration approaches, including external calibration with standard solutions and internal calibration with a hydrazone standard of cyclobutanone, an aldehyde not likely to occur in real samples. A second approach for internal calibration is based on the 13C2-labelled acetaldehyde hydrazone standard. Different calibration approaches may then be used for the analysis of real samples. Limits of detection range from 2 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-8) mol L-1 for a series of hydrazones, including hydrazones of saturated aldehydes with alkyl chain lengths from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and hydrazones of selected unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes as well as ketone hydrazones.     

入河排污口在总量控制中的作用

入河排污口在污染源与水环境间起桥梁作用,入河排污口的入河量是对水环境影响大小的最直接贡献值,作好入河排污口的监测工作,既可对污染源的排污起监督作用,也可得到某区域相对最为可靠的排污总量和河流纳污量,因此,入河排污口是目前总量管理的基础     

核电站温排水遥感监测方法研究——以田湾核电站为例

以江苏省连云港田湾核电站为主要研究区,通过热红外遥感技术研究温排水热污染现象,综合应用美国Landsat卫星热红外波段数据及地面气象测站资料,定量反演核电站建成前后附近海域水温分布与变化情况。研究结果表明,遥感技术完全能够满足温排水监测要求,对于完善近岸海域生态环境保护工作具有积极意义。     

铜矿尾矿污染的综合治理

对铜矿选矿过程中产生的尾矿浆进行机械压滤,滤水循环利用,尾矿渣用于制砖,实现选矿废水、废渣零排放。一直困绕着铜矿选矿的尾矿污染难题被攻破     

北京城区道路电磁环境监测及与人口热力关联分析

用电设备和无线通信服务的增长导致城市电磁环境水平逐渐升高,对人体健康和电子系统正常工作构成潜在威胁。于2021年对北京城区约407 km道路上的28 578个采样点进行电磁环境监测,89%的采样点电磁环境水平在3 V/m以内,但存在少量电磁环境水平高于12 V/m的采样点。结合进一步频谱分析发现,地理坐标为116.48°E、39.91°N附近路段电磁环境水平超出了《电磁环境控制限值》(GB 8702—2014)要求。此外,利用关联分析经典算法Apriori对电磁环境和人口热力的关联规则进行提取,结果表明,电磁环境水平较高的区域往往具有极高等级的人口热力,从而为电磁环境风险的快速判别提供参考。建议重点加强对人口热力极高区域的电磁环境监测,同时持续关注城市电磁环境变化趋势,以实现对电磁环境风险的及早预警和处理。