聚合物复合材料技术的现状与新动向

介绍了玻璃纤维增强复合材料、碳纤维增强复合材料、天然纤维增强复合材料、芳香族聚酰胺纤维增强复合材料的生产情况,重点讨论了纳米纤维复合材料、生物基复合材料、高性能聚合物复合材料的研发进展,对国内聚合物复合材料的发展提出了建议。     

智能复合材料研究进展

智能复合材料作为一种新型高技术材料,兼具结构与功能双重特性。根据近几年来智能复合材料的研究现状,本文介绍了几种主要的智能复合材料:形状记忆复合材料、自修复智能复合材料、压电智能复合材料、电/磁流变智能复合材料及纤维素智能复合材料,简述了智能复合材料领域当前研究热点,介绍了该领域中存在的一些问题,展望了智能复合材料的发展前景。     

阻尼复合材料发展状况

本文简要阐述了阻尼复合材料的阻尼机理,分别介绍了树脂基阻尼复合材料、金属基阻尼复合材料、橡胶阻尼复合材料、树脂—金属基阻尼复合材料、压电导电新型阻尼复合材料,以及几种阻尼复合材料的研究发展状况。     

聚苯胺导电复合材料研究进展

综述了聚苯胺(PANI)/金属氧化物复合材料、PANI/盐类复合材料、PANI/碳复合材料、PANI/聚合物复合材料及其他复合材料的国内外研究进展,在此基础上,展望了导电复合材料的发展趋势。     

也谈“认识复合材料,用好复合材料”——复合材料可设计思想的理解

本文以事例和对复合材料可设计思想的理解,对"认识复合材料,用好复合材料"进行了阐述,呼吁广大复合材料从业者以创新的思想正确认识和使用复合材料。     

阴离子聚合尼龙6复合材料研究进展

综述了阴离子开环聚合尼龙6(APA6)及其复合材料在学术和工业上的研究成果.APA6复合材料包括短纤维增强APA6复合材料、连续纤维增强APA6复合材料、纤维织物增强APA6复合材料、自增强APA6复合材料和APA6纳米复合材料.详细介绍了相关APA6复合材料的成型工艺.APA6聚合过程中工艺参数、成型工艺、反应体系和...     

塑料复合材料在建筑行业中的应用及性能分析

分析了铝塑复合材料模板、纤维复合材料模板和木质复合材料模板的性能,并总结了塑料复合材料应用于建筑中的实际效果。     

复合材料失效分析程序与方法探讨

随着复合材料用量的增加,复合材料失效问题也日益突出。本文在对国内外复合材料失效分析调研与国内大量的复合材料案例分析的基础上,借鉴金属材料失效分析的经验,建立了复合材料失效分析程序,详细介绍了复合材料失效分析中常用的方法,为从事复合材料失效分析的人员制定方案、判断断裂性质及查找失效原因提供思路与技术支持。     

石墨烯基橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

综述了近年国内外石墨烯基橡胶复合材料的研究进展,主要包括石墨烯/天然橡胶复合材料、石墨烯/丁腈橡胶复合材料、石墨烯/丁苯橡胶复合材料、石墨烯/硅橡胶复合材料、石墨烯/丁基橡胶复合材料和石墨烯/异戊橡胶复合材料。同时对石墨烯基橡胶复合材料在制备和应用过程中遇到的难题进行了分析和总结。开发高质量石墨烯的绿色环保低成本制备和提纯技术以及提高石墨烯在橡胶中的有效分散效果将是今后该领域亟待解决的关键技术问题。     

水性环氧树脂基复合材料的耐酸碱性能

以水性环氧树脂为基体制备了玻璃布/环氧树脂复合材料,通过浸泡不同时间后复合材料质量的变化研究了复合材料的吸湿性能,用万能材料试验机、扫描电子显微镜表征了复合材料的耐酸碱性能.结果表明:复合材料的吸湿行为符合Fick吸收定律,偶联剂处理对复合材料的耐水性有一定改善;复合材料的耐酸性较好,耐碱性差;偶联剂处理对复合材料的耐酸性改善不大,对耐碱性有一定改善.     

The Compatibilizing Effect of Maleic Anhydride on Swelling Properties of Plant-Fiber-Reinforced Polystyrene Composites

In this work the fibers of banana, hemp, and sisal are employed as fillers for the formation of wood polymer composites with polystyrene in the different ratios of 40:60 and 45:55 (wt/wt), respectively. These fibers were esterified with maleic anhydride, and the effect of maleic anhydride was studied on absorption of steam and water at ambient temperature in wood polymer composites. Untreated fiber composites show more absorption of steam in comparison to maleic anhydride (MA)–treated fiber composites. The absorption of water increases with the increase in time from 2–30 h in all untreated fiber composites. The maximum absorption of water was found in hemp fiber composites and the minimum in sisal fiber composites. The maleic anhydride esterified fiber composites showed less absorption of water than the untreated fiber composites. Steam absorption in MA treated and untreated fiber composites is higher than the water absorption in respective fiber composites. The wood polymer composites containing low amount of fiber shows less absorption of steam and water at ambient temperature than the composites containing a greater amount of fiber in respective fiber composites.     

Fabrication and Properties of Ti3SiC2/SiC Composites

Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were fabricated by reactive hot pressing method. Effects of hot pressing temperature, the content and particle size of SiC on phase composition, densification, mechanical properties and behavior of stress-strain of the composites were investigated. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） Hot-pressing temperature influenced the phase composition of Ti3SiC2/SiC composites. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased with hot pressing temperature. （2） It became more difficult for the composites to densify when the content of SiC in composites increased. It need be sintered at higher temperature to get denser composite. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased when the content of SiC added in composites increased. However, when the content of SiC reached 50 wt%, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites decreased due to high content of pore in composites. （3） When the content of SiC was same, Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were denser while the particle size of SiC added in composites is 12. 8 μm compared with the composites that the particle size of SiC added is 3 μm. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased with the increase of particle size of SiC added in composites. （4） Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were non-brittle fracture at room temperature.     

玻纤增强PMMA复合材料的流变行为研究

研究了长玻纤和短玻纤增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合材料的动态流变性能.结果表明,由于长玻纤比短玻纤更易发生缠结,长玻纤增强PMMA复合材料具有更高的动态模量和动态粘度,且其模量和粘度具有更高的浓度依赖性;长玻纤增强PMMA复合材料时,随着玻纤含量的增加,剪切变稀现象更加明显.     

Failure mechanisms of 2-D and 3-D woven fiber reinforced polymer composites

A simple lab-scale weaving method was used to produce multidirectional fiber preforms to improve the delamination resistance and damage tolerance of composites. Mechanical properties measured in this study included short-beam shear strength and damage tolerance of 2-D and 3-D woven composites. The constituents of fiber and matrix in these composites are Kevlar-29 (Du Pont) and Epon 828 (Shell Chemical Co.) epoxy. Attention was directed to the differentiation of deformation and failure mechanisms in these composites as a function of material parameters and loading conditions. The sequence of failure mechanisms differ between 2-D and 3-D composites. Results indicated that 3-D woven composites exhibited higher shear strength than 2-D woven composites. Also, 3-D composites absorbed more impact energy than 2-D composites. Failure mechanisms of composites subjected to repeated impacts were observed intermittently by using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The failure of 2-D composites was due to a combination of shear and tensile mode, but in 3-D composites the failure was dominated by tensile mode.     

黏土结构对聚氯乙烯/黏土复合材料性能的影响

用两种不同结构的黏土伊利石和海泡石作为填料填充到聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂中,研究黏土结构对PVC性能的影响。结果表明:黏土的结构不同,对PVC的性能影响也存在明显差异。伊利石对提高PVC的拉伸强度优于海泡石;而海泡石对提高PVC的冲击强度优于伊利石。伊利石提高了PVC的弯曲强度,对弯曲模量的影响不大;而海泡石降低了PVC的弯曲强度,但明显加大了PVC的弯曲模量。海泡石对提高PVC的热变形温度优于伊利石。     

Jute Fiber Composites from Coal,Super Clean Coal,and Petroleum Vacuum Residue–Modified Phenolic Resin

Jute fiber composites were prepared with novolac and coal, phenolated-oxidized super clean coal (POS), petroleum vacuum residue (XVR)–modifiedphenol-formaldehyde (novolac) resin. Five different type of resins, i.e., coal, POS, and XVR-modified resins were used by replacing (10% to 50%) with coal, POS, and XVR. The composites thus prepared have been characterized by tensile strength, hardness, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transfer infrared (FT-IR), water absorption, steam absorption, and thickness swelling studies. Twenty percent POS-modified novolac composites showed almost the same tensile strength as that of pure novolac composites. After 30% POS incorporation, the tensile strength decreased to 25.84 MPa from 33.96 MPa in the case of pure novolac resin composites. However, after 50% POS incorporation, the percent retention of tensile strength was appreciable, i.e., 50.80% retention of tensile strength to that of pure novolac jute composites. The tensile strength of coal and XVR-modified composites showed a trend similar to that shown by POS-modified novolac resin composites. However, composites prepared from coal and XVR-modified resin with 50% phenol replacement showed 25.4% and 42% tensile strength retention, respectively, compared to that of pure novolac jute composites. It was found that the hardness of the modified composites slightly decreased with an increase in coal, POS, and XVR incorporation in the resin. The XVR-modified composites showed comparatively lower steam absorption than did coal or POS-modified composites. The thermal stability of the POS-modified composites was the highest among the composites studied. The detailed results obtained are being reported.     

Effects of natural weathering on the degradation of alkaline‐treated peanut shell filled recycled polypropylene composites

The present work evaluates the potential of the natural filler peanut shell powder (PSP) on the properties and degradation behavior of alkaline‐treated PSP filled recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites. For this purpose, 0–40 wt% of untreated PSP and hydrogen peroxide‐treated PSP were incorporated into RPP composites that were fabricated via a melt‐mixing molding system. The fabricated composites were exposed to the natural environment of Penang, Malaysia for 6 months. The properties of both untreated and treated RPP/PSP composites were assessed. Results showed that the tensile properties of the treated RPP/PSP composites were higher than that of the untreated RPP/PSP composites. The treated RPP/PSP composites were less affected by weathering degradation compared to the untreated RPP/PSP composites. An increase in the carbonyl index of both composites also confirmed that some degradation had taken place. On comparing the crystallinity of both composites, the treated composites showed lower crystallinity than untreated composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:26–34, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Absorption of water at ambient temperature and steam in wood–polymer composites prepared from agrowaste and polystyrene

Hemp, banana, and agave fibers were employed for the preparation of wood–polymer composites using polystyrene in the ratio of 50 : 50 w/w. These fibers were esterified with maleic anhydride (MA) and the effect of MA was studied on the absorption of water at ambient temperature and steam in wood–polymer composites made from said fibers and polystyrene. The absorption of water increases with increase in time from 2 to 30 h in all fiber composites. The maximum absorption of water was found in hemp fiber composites, and the minimum in agave fiber composites. The MA-esterified fiber composites showed less absorption of water than did the untreated fiber composites. Steam absorption in MA-treated and untreated fiber composites is higher than the water absorption in the respective fiber composites. Untreated fiber composites show more absorption of steam in comparison to MA-treated fibers composites. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 681–686, 1998     

Voltage–current characteristics of high-density polyethylene conductive composites

The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) conductive composites filled separately with carbon fibers (CFs), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and three kinds of carbon blacks (CBs) (including different diameter, BET specific area, and DBP value) were prepared, to investigate the influence of the property, size, and content of the conductive fillers on the nonlinear voltage–current characteristics of the HDPE conductive composites. The results showed that the relationship between the electric current density and the electric field intensity of the three HDPE/CB composites including the HDPE/CF composites, the HDPE/CB/CF composites, and the HDPE/EVA/CB composites was nonlinear. The nonlinear conductivity index of the HDPE/CF composites was kept a low level comparing to the HDPE/CB composites, the HDPE/CB/CF composites, and the HDPE/EVA/CB composites. Moreover, the nonlinear conductive behavior mechanisms were discussed.