2019—2020年宜春市中心城区中小学生血脂异常调查

目的 了解宜春市中心城区儿童青少年血脂水平现状,为科学制定血脂异常防治策略提供参考依据。方法 基于《宜春市在校学生营养健康状况监测》项目,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,于2019年9月—2020年12月在宜春市中心城区抽取6～17岁在校学生开展2轮监测,测量身高、体重、腰围等,并抽取空腹静脉血进行血脂4项检测。结果 2019—2020年宜春市中心城区6～17岁在校学生血脂异常检出率为14.1%。其中,高总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、高甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）检出率分别为4.3%、7.4%、3.4%和3.4%,血脂异常表现以高TG为主。所处学段为初中（OR=0.419,95%CI=0.247-0.709,P=0.001）是患血脂异常的保护因素,女性（OR=1.615,95%CI=1.087-2.399,P=0.018）、腰围增加（OR...     

童年期虐待经历和体力活动与安徽医学专科生抑郁症状的关联

目的 分析童年期虐待经历和体力活动与抑郁症状的关联,为抑郁症状的预防与干预提供了依据。方法 本研究在2019年11至12月抽取了安徽2所医学专科院校一、二年级在校为研究对象,采用“问卷星”平台进行问卷调查,最终有7 534名医学专科生纳入研究。使用儿童期虐待问卷、国际体力活动简版问卷以及抑郁自评量表分别对医学专科生童年期虐待经历、体力活动以及抑郁症状资料收集。通过多因素logistic回归模型,分析童年期虐待经历和体力活动的不同水平与抑郁症状的关联。结果 医学专科生抑郁症状的检出率为16.1%,男生抑郁症状检出率为19.6%,高于女生的14.9%（P值＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,调整混杂因素后,有童年期虐待经历（OR = 4.01,95%CI:3.17～5.08）和低体力活动水平（OR = 1.44,95%CI:1.20～1.74）均与医学专科生抑郁症状风险增加有关（P值均＜0.05）。与无童年期虐待经历和高体力活动水平相比,无童年期虐待经历和低体力活动水平（OR = 2.08,95%CI:1.03～4.20）,有童年期虐待经历和低体力活动水平（OR = 7.18,95%CI:4.05～12.71）、有童年期虐待经历和中体力活动水平（OR = 5.22,95%CI:2.97～9.18）、有童年期虐待经历和高体力活动水平（OR = 5.11,95%CI:2.88～9.08）均与医学专科生抑郁症状风险增加有关（P值均＜0.05）。结论 童年期虐待经历和低体力活动水平均与医学专科生抑郁症状存在正向关联,适当增加体力活动可能有利于缓解童年期虐待经历对医学专科生抑郁症状的影响。     

杭州市城区初中教职工体力活动水平的影响因素分析

目的 了解杭州市城区初中教职工体力活动水平及其影响因素。方法 2009年对杭州市3个城区的所有初中教职工进行横断面问卷调查。利用国际体力活动量表评价体力活动水平,采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和多分类logistic回归法分析教职工体力活动水平的影响因素。结果 1 497名教职工达到低、中、高水平体力活动的比例分别为40.8%、40.6%和18.6%。与低水平体力活动的教职工相比较,年龄≥45岁（OR＝1.576,95%CI：1.128～2.201）和感到有一些压力（OR＝1.490,95%CI：1.141～1.946）的教职工达到中等水平体力活动的概率高。体力活动得分高（OR＝1.070,95%CI：1.002～1.143）、男性（OR＝3.088,95%CI：2.162～4.409）、同事经常/总是一起参加运动（OR＝2.903,95%CI：1.587～5.312）、同事有时一起参加运动（OR＝1.900,95%CI：1.160～3.110）和家附近有步行可达的地方（OR＝1.657,95%CI：1.022～2.688）达到高水平体力活动的概率高。婚姻状况、社会经济水平、工作年数、BMI、学历、同事鼓励参加运动与教职工增加体力活动水平的关联则无统计学意义。结论 杭州市城区初中教职工的体力活动水平有待加强,开展体力活动促进需要考虑年龄、性别、工作压力和支持性的工作及居住环境等因素影响。     

2021年长沙市某卷烟厂1600名体检工人血脂异常状况及相关因素分析

目的 了解长沙市某卷烟厂工人血脂异常检出率及相关因素。方法 检测2021年长沙市某卷烟厂工人血脂、血压、血糖、肝肾功能等各项指标,采用二元Logistic回归分析血脂异常的影响因素。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 卷烟厂工人的TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C平均水平分别为5.34 mmol/L、2.28 mmol/L、1.26 mmol/L和3.04 mmol/L,血脂异常患病率为56.0%,高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症和高LDL-C血症患病率分别为14.2%、36.9%、28.8%和8.8%。高年龄组、高工龄组、男性、吸烟、饮酒的工人血脂异常患病率分别高于低年龄组、低工龄组、女性、不饮酒和不吸烟的工人,异常血压水平、空腹血糖水平、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶状况、血清γ-谷氨酰基转移酶状况、血肌酐状况、尿酸状况的工人血脂异常患病率均高于正常者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,较高年龄组(30~39岁:OR=1.450,95%CI:1.047~2.010;≥50岁:OR=1.775,95%CI:1.199~2.570)、ALT异常(OR=1.638,95%CI:1.222~2.196)和GGT异常(OR=2.082,95%CI:1.578~2.747)均为血脂异常的危险因素,女性(OR=0.466,95%CI:0.362~0.601)为血脂异常的保护因素。结论 长沙市某卷烟厂工人血脂异常检出率较高,应将高年龄、男性、高血糖和肝肾功能异常的工人作为血脂异常防治的重点人群。个人应改变不良生活习惯,如戒烟、节制饮酒、增加适量体力活动、合理膳食,积极主动参与定期健康体检,提高对慢性疾病的重视;此外,也要发挥基层社区服务组织的预防功能,加强宣传教育;国家也应加大对慢性非传染性疾病预防的力度,如将血脂异常等列为基层慢性病健康管理的核心内容,各卫生行政部门、医疗卫生机构等团体要协力合作,为推动我国血脂异常防治工作共同努力。     

文成县居民2013年血脂异常患病情况及相关因素调查

目的 研究文成县社区居民血脂异常患病情况的现状及其主要危险因素,为制定干预策略提供科学依据。 方法 2013年采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取文成县4 003名18岁及以上常住居民为调查对象。进行问卷调查(一般情况、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、膳食及精神因素等)、体格检查(体重、身高和血压的测量)及血生化检测(甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇和血糖的检测),采用χ²检验分析血脂异常的人群分布,采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归分析探讨血脂异常的危险因素。 结果 文成县18岁及以上居民血脂异常患病率为45.32％,男女性血脂异常患病率为40.12％、48.86％。以2000年中国人口构成进行标化后血脂异常标化患病率为44.21%:男为39.43%,女为46.40%。女性显著高于男性(χ²=29.76,P=0.000),居民血脂异常患病率随着年龄的增加而增加(χ²_趋势=29.25,P=0.000)。高甘油三酯血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高胆固醇血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症患病率分别为22.2％、14.9%、12.4%、8.9％。多因素非条件 logistic 回归分析结果表明,血脂异常与性别(OR=1.317,95%CI:1.115~1.554, P=0.001)、年龄(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.005~1.016, P=0.000)、职业(OR=1.053,95%CI:1.021~1.086, P=0.001)、文化程度(OR=1.146,95%CI:1.055~1.246, P=0.001)、高血压(OR=13.094,95%CI:11.053~15.512, P=0.000)、超重(OR=1.220,95%CI:1.022~1.457, P=0.028)、肥胖(OR=2.376,95%CI:1.524~3.704, P=0.000)有关。 结论 文成县社区居民18 岁及以上人群血脂异常患病率已经达到较高水平,血脂异常与性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、高血压、超重和肥胖有关。     

我国东、中、西三省六县农村居民体力活动状况及影响因素分析

目的 调查中国农村居民的体力活动状况及其影响因素。方法 采用国际体力活动短问卷对分别代表中国东、中、西部的山东省、山西省和云南省3个省一共6个县的3 834名15岁以上农村居民的体力活动状况进行调查。结果 调查获得有效问卷3 780份，其中山东省1 251人（33.1%），山西省1 256人（33.2%），云南省1 273人（33.7%）。男性1 867人（49.4%），女性1 913人（50.6%）。农村居民高、中、低水平体力活动人数分别为1 691人（44.7%）、1 248人（33%）、841人（22.3%）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、职业、是否患慢性病以及地区是体力活动的影响因素。其中，男性（OR = 0.832,95%CI: 0.704～0.985）、年龄36～59岁的人群（OR = 0.760,95%CI: 0.625～0.925）为农村居民体力活动的保护因素；机关、企事业单位及离退休人员（OR = 1.469,95%CI: 1.017～2.124）、在校学生（OR = 1.925,95%CI: 1.127～3.286）、失业、无业人员（OR = 3.062,95%CI: 2.470～3.796）、患慢性病的人群(OR = 1.366,95%CI:1.133～1.645)为农村居民体力活动不足的危险因素。结论 女性、老年人、机关、企事业单位及离退休人员、在校学生、失业、无业人员、患慢性病的人群发生体力活动不足的可能性更高，针对中国不同地区农村居民体力活动的干预，应重点关注此类人群。     

潍坊市成人居民主要慢性病患病现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解潍坊市成人居民慢性病患病现状及其影响因素,为慢性病预防与控制提供理论依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法在潍坊市抽取5 156名≥18岁成人居民进行问卷调查,利用logistic回归分析主要慢性病患病影响因素。结果 潍坊市成人居民高血压、血脂异常及糖尿病患病率分别为35.16%、34.60%、9.39%;对其影响因素进行logistic回归分析,多因素结果显示男性（OR = 1.391,95%CI:1.164～1.661）、年龄大（OR = 13.568,95%CI:8.215～22.408）、饮酒（OR = 1.270,95%CI:1.060～1.520）、肥胖（OR = 9.644,95%CI:5.203～17.878）、高盐（OR = 1.020,95%CI:1.000～1.041）、自评健康状况差（OR = 3.006,95%CI:1.694～5.335）、锻炼（OR = 0.834,95%CI: 0.725～0.959）是高血压的影响因素;男性（OR = 1.268,95%CI:1.032～1.558）、年龄大（OR = 6.049,95%CI:2.420～15.117）、肥胖（OR = 18.227,95%CI:2.471～134.480）、自评健康状况差（OR = 3.664,95%CI:1.093～12.277）、锻炼（OR = 0.719,95%CI:0.587～0.880）是糖尿病的影响因素;年龄大（OR = 2.209,95%CI:1.522～3.206）、自评健康状况好（OR = 0.859,95%CI:0.743～0.993）、已婚（OR = 0.599,95%CI:0.402～0.893）、肥胖（OR = 6.239,95%CI:3.868～10.062）、吸烟（OR = 1.281,95%CI:1.076～1.526）、高盐（OR = 1.024,95%CI:1.006～1.043）、高油（OR = 1.208,95%CI:1.007～1.014）是血脂异常的影响因素。结论 高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病是潍坊市成人居民的主要健康问题,其患病率随年龄呈上升趋势,应加强对老年人、超重和肥胖居民的健康管理,同时大力倡导低盐饮食,戒烟限酒,适度锻炼,提高居民生存质量。     

安徽省2015年成年人血脂异常流行现状及相关因素研究

目的利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测数据,分析安徽省成年人血脂异常流行状况及其相关因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,选取成年人进行问卷调查和相关指标检测。通过问卷询问获得调查对象的人口学特征、吸烟、饮酒和身体活动等信息;通过身体测量获取BMI、腰围和血压值。采集调查对象空腹静脉血,检测FPG和血脂四项(TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C)。使用复杂加权和事后分层权重的基于设计的方法分析不同特征居民的血脂异常患病情况及其相关影响因素。结果共纳入7404人,成年居民血脂异常患病率为30.5%,男性血脂异常患病率(36.5%)高于女性(24.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高TC血症、高TG血症、高LDL-C血症和低HDL-C血症患病率分别为3.7%、12.2%、5.3%和19.4%。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.000~1.018)、女性(OR=0.501,95%CI:0.397~0.632)、文化程度大专及以上(OR=1.728,95%CI:1.257~2.374)、饮酒量3级(OR=0.711,95%CI:0.536~0.943)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.868,95%CI:1.547~2.257)、BMI(OR=1.141,95%CI:1.098~1.186)、高血压(OR=1.259,95%CI:1.077~1.473)和糖尿病(OR=2.025,95%CI:1.446~2.835)均为血脂异常的影响因素。结论2015年安徽省成年居民血脂异常患病水平高,应密切监测和控制危险因素,包括不健康的生活方式或超重、肥胖、高血压和糖尿病患者。     

老年人社会经济水平与慢性病患病风险关系的研究

目的探讨老年人群的社会经济水平(socioeconomic status,SES)与慢性病患病风险关系。方法 2011年9—11月在天津市内六区随机抽取4 500名65岁以上老年居民,调查其文化程度、家庭收入水平、所在地GDP等SES指标,以及高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖等慢性病患病情况,计量资料用x±s表示,采用t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验;并采用logistic回归进行多因素分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本研究共4 034名纳入分析,其中男性1 926名、女性2 108名。Logistic回归分析结果表明,在男性中,与初中及以下文化程度相比,高中、大专及以上文化程度均为高血压的保护因素(OR=0.90,95%CI为0.74~0.97;OR=0.82,95%CI为0.71~0.93),血脂异常的危险因素(OR=1.42,95%CI为1.06~1.90;OR=1.46,95%CI为1.06~2.00);收入水平≥2000元/月为糖尿病的危险因素(OR=1.57,95%CI为1.11~2.23);与GDP100亿元相比,GDP 100~299亿元、GDP≥300亿元为高血压保护因素(OR=0.63,95%CI为0.49~0.82;OR=0.65,95%CI为0.49~0.85)。在女性中,大专及以上文化程度为血脂异常的危险因素(OR=2.03,95%CI为1.41~2.91);随着GDP的增加,发生高血压的危险性逐渐降低(趋势性χ2=4.106,P0.05)。结论 SES对老年人群慢性病患病水平有一定影响。在慢性病防治工作中,应结合不同地区经济发展水平、个体受教育程度、收入水平制订防治策略。     

社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性影响因素的多水平logistic回归分析

目的 探讨社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性的影响因素。方法 研究基于某省“重性精神疾病基本数据收集分析系统”中精神分裂症患者基本信息，对患者个体因素与服药依从性进行单因素分析，再以患者水平和市州水平建立两水平logistic回归模型，分析该省精神分裂症患者服药依从性的影响因素。结果 共纳入精神分裂症患者192 099名，其中服药依从性良好患者有61 656名，依从率为32.10%。两水平logistic回归模型结果显示，年龄较大（46～<65岁组OR=0.78, 95%CI:0.76～0.80;65～100岁组OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.55～0.59）、男性（OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.83～0.87）、少数民族（OR=0.71, 95%CI:0.63～0.79）、贫困（OR=0.79, 95%CI:0.78～0.81）、病程较长（5～<10年组:OR=0.73, 95%CI:0.70～0.75;10～<20年组:OR=0.72, 95%CI:0.69～0.74;20～<30年组:OR=0.70, 95%CI:0.68～0.73;30～80年组:OR=...     

One- and two-year predictors of decline in physical activity among inner-city schoolchildren

BACKGROUND: Alarming secular declines in physical activity (PA) have been observed among youth over the last decade. A better understanding of the predictors of these declines is crucial to identifying those children most at risk and to developing interventions that target youth before the onset of decline. This report identifies 1- and 2-year predictors of decline in PA among fourth- and fifth-grade students from inner-city neighborhoods in Montreal, Canada. METHODS: Data for this study were collected in classroom questionnaires each May/June from 1993 to 1997. Analyses for this paper were completed in 2001. The cohort included active (at least one PA per day) children with baseline and 1-year (n =1873) or 2-year (n =509) follow-up data. RESULTS: In boys, 1-year predictors of decline to an inactive status identified in generalized estimating equations analysis included moderate (vs high) baseline PA (odds ratio [OR]=1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.91-3.05); low PA self-efficacy (OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.03-2.71); born outside Canada (OR=2.13; 95% CI=1.31-3.46); Asian origin (OR=1.81; 95% CI=1.03-3.16) and no participation in school teams (OR=1.81, 95% CI=0.93-3.55). In girls, these 1-year predictors included moderate PA (OR=1.91, 95% CI=1.10-3.32); low PA self-efficacy (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.15-2.49); watching four or more TV programs per day (OR=1.40, 95% CI=0.97-2.02); mother unemployed (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.07-2.23); and grade five (vs grade four) (OR=1.35, 95% CI=0.94-1.93). Two-year predictors in boys included moderate baseline PA (OR=2.52, 95% CI=0.84-7.50), and born outside Canada (OR=1.96, 95% CI=0.91-4.20). In girls, these 2-year predictors included moderate baseline PA (OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.01-7.49); no participation in school teams (OR=2.14, 95% CI=0.92-5.00); watching four or more TV programs per day (OR=1.93, 95% CI=0.99-3.74); and born outside Canada (OR=1.85, 95% CI=0.96-3.55). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced TV viewing among girls and increased participation in school sports teams in boys and girls may prevent declines in PA among pre-adolescents from inner-city neighborhoods.     

Physical activity and colorectal cancer

Physical activity has been inconsistently associated with rectal cancer despite the consistent association between physical activity and colon cancer. In this study, the authors evaluated the association between physical activity and rectal cancer using the same questionnaire used to evaluate the previously reported association with colon cancer. A population-based study of 952 incident cases of cancer in the rectum and rectosigmoid junction and 1,205 age- and sex-matched controls was conducted in Utah and northern California at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program between 1997 and 2002. Vigorous physical activity was associated with reduced risk of rectal cancer in both men and women (odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44, 0.81 for men; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86 for women). Among men, moderate levels of physical activity also were associated with reduced risk of rectal cancer (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.97). Participation in vigorous activity over the past 20 years conferred the greatest protection for both men and women (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.78 for men; OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.67 for women). In summary, physical activity was associated with reduced risk of rectal cancer in these data. The reduced risk was similar to that previously observed for colon cancer.     

孕期体力活动、久坐行为与胎膜早破发生风险的相关性及剂量反应关系

目的 探究孕期妇女体力活动(physical activity,PA)、久坐行为与胎膜早破(prema-ture rupture of membranes,PROM)发生风险的相关性及剂量反应关系.方法 采用国际体力活动短问卷收集中国孕产妇队列研究?协和项目中孕妇的体力活动状况和静坐时间(sedentary time,...     

河南省新乡县农村居民脑卒中流行现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解河南省新乡县农村地区成年常住居民脑卒中流行现况及其影响因素。方法 于2017年4月—2017年6月采用整群抽样方法,随机抽取河南省新乡县朗公庙、七里营2个乡镇17个农村村落的成年常住居民(≥18岁)10 691人进行脑卒中及相关因素的问卷调查、体格检查与实验室检测。结果 本次调查共纳入资料完整对象10 455人进行分析,河南省新乡县农村地区脑卒中粗患病率为6.60%,年龄标准化患病率为5.05%;其中40岁以上人群脑卒中粗患病率为6.58%,标准化患病率为2.89%;男性、女性的性别粗患病率分别为8.39%和5.35%,标准化患病率分别为3.63%和2.39%。在脑卒中常见慢性共患病中,高血压共病率最高,为55.94%,糖尿病共病率最低,为14.64%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥50岁(50～59岁:OR = 3.968, 95%CI: 2.654～5.933; 60～69岁:OR = 8.694, 95%CI: 5.906～12.798; ≥70岁:OR = 8.854, 95%CI: 5.855～13.390)、职业为农民(OR = 1.821, 95%CI:1.174～2.824)、高血压(OR = 2.151, 95%CI: 1.816～2.547)、血脂异常(OR = 2.434, 95%CI: 1.950～3.038)、糖尿病(OR = 1.393, 95%CI: 1.091～1.778)、冠心病(OR = 1.385, 95%CI: 1.117～1.718)可能是脑卒中患病的危险因素(P＜0.05);女性(OR = 0.542, 95%CI: 0.455～0.646)、有适度(OR = 0.668, 95%CI: 0.544～0.819)/剧烈运动(OR = 0.696, 95%CI: 0.571～0.849)可能是脑卒中患病的保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 河南省新乡县农村地区成年常住居民脑卒中患病率较高,男性、≥50岁、农民、无适度/剧烈运动者、合并高血压、血脂异常、冠心病和糖尿病者仍是脑卒中防治的重点人群。     

Case-control study of lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk

A population-based case-control study of physical activity and prostate cancer risk was conducted in Alberta, Canada, between 1997 and 2000. A total of 988 incident, histologically confirmed cases of stage T2 or greater prostate cancer were frequency matched to 1,063 population controls. The Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure occupational, household, and recreational activity levels from childhood until diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. No association for total lifetime physical activity and prostate cancer risk was found (odds ratio (OR) for > or =203 vs. <115 metabolic equivalent-hours/week/year=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.17). By type of activity, the risks were decreased for occupational (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.22) and recreational (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.05) activity but were increased for household (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.76) activity when comparing the highest and lowest quartiles. For activity performed at different age periods throughout life, activity done during the first 18 years of life (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.04) decreased risk. When activity was examined by intensity of activity (i.e., low, <3; moderate, 3-6; and vigorous, >6 metabolic equivalents), vigorous activity decreased prostate cancer risk (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.92). This study provides inconsistent evidence for the association between physical activity and prostate cancer risk.     

Physical activity is associated with lower arterial stiffness in older adults: results of the SAPALDIA 3 Cohort Study

Associations of physical activity (PA) intensity with arterial stiffness in older adults at the population level are insufficiently studied. We examined cross-sectional associations of self-reported PA intensities with arterial stiffness in elderly Caucasians of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults. Mixed central and peripheral arterial stiffness was measured oscillometrically by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire long version was administered to classify each subject’s PA level. We used univariable and multivariable mixed linear and logistic regression models for analyses in 1908 persons aged 50 years and older. After adjustment for several confounders moderate, vigorous and total PA were inversely associated with CAVI (p = 0.02–0.03). BaPWV showed negative and marginally significant associations with vigorous and moderate PA (each p = 0.06), but not with total PA (p = 0.28). Increased arterial stiffness (CAVI ≥ 9, upper tertile) was inversely and significantly associated with vigorous PA [odds ratio (OR) 0.65, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.88], and marginally significantly with total PA (OR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.57–1.02) and moderate PA (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.56–1.01). The odds ratio for baPWV ≥ 14.4 was 0.67 (95 % CI 0.48–0.93) across the vigorous PA levels, and was non-significant across the total (OR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.66–1.23) and moderate PA levels (OR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.69–1.28). In this general Caucasian population of older adults higher levels especially of vigorous PA were associated with lower arterial stiffness. These data support the importance of PA for improving cardiovascular health in elderly people.     

Predictors of change in physical activity during and after pregnancy: Project Viva

BACKGROUND: Few studies document longitudinal changes in physical activity from prepregnancy to the postpartum period. METHODS: This study estimated change in self-reported leisure-time physical activity in 1442 women before pregnancy, during the second trimester, and at 6 months postpartum. In addition, it also examined predictors of becoming insufficiently active during or after pregnancy. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age was 32.5 (4.5) years, 34% of the women were overweight or obese prepregnancy (body mass index equal to or greater than 25 kg/m(2)), and 76% were white. Before pregnancy, the mean total leisure physical activity was 9.6 hours per week. The reported decrease in total activity between prepregnancy and 6 months postpartum was -1.4 (95% CI=-1.0 to -1.9) hours per week, accounted for by decreases in moderate and vigorous physical activity but not walking. Prevalence of insufficiently active lifestyle (less than 150 minutes per week of total activity) increased from 12.6% before pregnancy to 21.7% during the postpartum period. The OR for becoming insufficiently active during pregnancy was 1.58 (95% CI=1.07-2.32) in women with at least one child compared with no children. Predictors of becoming insufficiently active postpartum included postpartum weight retention (OR=1.31; 95% CI=1.05-1.58 for each 5-kg increment); working longer hours in the first trimester (e.g., OR=5.12; 95% CI=1.96-13.4 for 45+ vs 0 hours); and reporting that lack of child care was a barrier to physical activity (OR=1.73; 95% CI=0.99-3.02). CONCLUSIONS: Women reported decreases in moderate and vigorous physical activity during pregnancy that persisted at 6 months postpartum. Levels of walking did not decline. Children in the home, longer work hours, and lack of child care were predictors of becoming insufficiently active during or after pregnancy.     

The Association Between Socio-Ecological Factors and Having an After-School Physical Activity Program

BACKGROUND: After-school physical activity (PA) programs promote PA among youth. Few studies have used socio-ecological health models to identify barriers and facilitators of after-school PA programs. This study examined which socio-ecological factors are associated with having an after-school PA program. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to key representatives of 114 elementary and 129 secondary schools. The association between socio-ecological factors and having an after-school PA program was analyzed at school level. RESULTS: In both types of schools more knowledge about community schools was positively associated with having an after-school PA program (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-3.27; OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.27-2.80, respectively). In elementary schools, environmental factors associated with having an after-school PA program included PA facilities (OR = 4.98; 95% CI = 1.08-23.05), a PA working group (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.02-11.10), agreements with the community (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.05-2.43), shortage of human resources (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.37-0.89) and lack of support from teachers (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.33-0.80). In secondary schools, environmental factors included the presence of a remunerated coordinator (OR = 5.12; 95% CI = 1.38-19.10) and partnerships with "sport and PA leaders" (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.01-12.41). CONCLUSION: Having an after-school PA program was associated with personal and environmental factors, which supports the use of socio-ecological frameworks for explorative and intervention studies aiming to increase after-school PA programs.     

Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight in U.S. adolescents using baseline and 1-year change in activity and inactivity data. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Nationally representative data from 12,759 participants (6997 non-Hispanic whites, 2676 non-Hispanic blacks, 2185 Hispanics, and 901 Asians) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1995 and 1996). Data on moderate to vigorous and low-intensity physical activity, TV/video viewing, and video game/computer use were obtained from questionnaires. Multivariate models assessed the association of overweight (body mass index > or = 95th percentile Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics 2000 curves) with initial (and 1-year change) activity and inactivity levels, controlling for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, urban residence, cigarette smoking, and region of residence. RESULTS: Overweight prevalence was positively associated with high level TV/video viewing among white boys (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52; 95% confidence interval [1.08 to 2.14]) and girls (OR = 2.45 [1.51 to 3.97]). The odds of overweight decreased with high levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity among white boys (OR = 0.81 [0.76 to 0.87]), non-Hispanic black boys (OR = 0.86 [0.76 to 0.98]) and girls (OR = 0.88 [0.78 to 0.99]), and Hispanic boys (OR = 0.90 [0.83 to 0.97]) and girls (OR = 0.91 [0.84 to 0.99]). DISCUSSION: Predicted probabilities generated from the logistic regression models, which examined the experimental effects of altering hours of TV/video viewing and bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity, show lower overweight among adolescents who watched less TV per week combined with frequent moderate to vigorous physical activity than those who watched more TV per week combined with fewer bouts of weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity. Predicted probabilities suggest important sex and ethnic differences in these associations.