腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐相关因素的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐（postoperative nausea and vomiting PONV）发生的相关临床因素。方法选取2003年3月至2007年10月行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者160例,术前均无其他疾病和晕动病史,记录术后24h内患者恶心、呕吐情况,将其与年龄、性别、体重指数、麻醉时间、手术时间、气腹压力、手术后苏醒时间、芬太尼药量、术中胃肠胀气情况、术前使用镇痛药、术后使用镇痛药、术后24h平均血压等因素进行相关分析。结果PONV相关因素logistic回归分析发现与性别、体重指数、术前使用镇痛药、术后使用镇痛药、术后24h平均血压等预测变量有意义（P〈0．05）。结论性别、体重指数、术前使用镇痛药、术后使用镇痛药、术后24h平均血压影响PONV。     

术后恶心呕吐的影响因素及防治

术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)是手术后常见并发症之一,近年来,对PONV的发生机制进行了大量研究,取得许多进展性成果并运用于临床。应用异丙酚麻醉、术后避免使用胆碱酯酶抑制剂以及抗呕吐药物联合应用等,降低了PONV的发生率,但仍有20%～30%的手术患者发生PONV,尤其在具有高危因素的患者中,发生率可高达     

格拉司琼在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后自控镇痛中的作用（附60例报告）

术后恶心、呕吐（postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV）是麻醉和手术后的常见并发症,其发生率为20％～30孵川。腹腔镜手术由于气腹影响,PONV发生率较高,达53％～72％。本研究观察比较两种不同止吐药物格拉司琼和氟哌利多预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后PONV的效果,报道如下。     

青少年脊柱侧弯矫形术后呕吐的危险因素分析

摘 要 目的：探究全麻下行脊柱侧弯矫形术的青少年患者发生术后呕吐的危险因素,为术后呕吐管理提供临床参考。 方法：选择我院2017年7月~2018年8月在全麻下行脊柱侧弯矫形术的青少年患者,记录术后24 h内呕吐的出现情况。采用多因素Logistic回归模型筛选出危险因素。另外,利用倾向评分匹配来排除混杂因素来评估预防性应用镇吐药物的有效性。 结果：共纳入了235例青少年患者,其中79例患者出现呕吐,其发生率为33.6%。Logistic回归分析提示,晕动病史或术后恶心呕吐（postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV）史、术后使用芬太尼是术后呕吐（postoperative vomiting,POV）的独立危险因素。预防性使用镇吐药物的患者POV发生率低于未使用预防性镇吐药物的患者（P＜0.01）。 结论：有晕动病史或PONV史和术后应用阿片类药物是青少年脊柱侧弯矫形术后呕吐的危险因素,预防性应用地塞米松和（或）昂丹司琼可以降低发生术后呕吐的风险。     

格拉司琼和恩丹西酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的预防作用

术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)是腹腔镜胆囊切除术最常见的并发症之一,是影响患者术后康复及增加痛苦的重要因素.为了有效预防PONV,我们将格拉司琼、恩丹西酮分别用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,对两者预防术后PONV的疗效作一比较.     

271例患者自控静脉镇痛的术后镇痛效果及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)术后镇痛效果的因素,为临床优选个体化镇痛方案,提高患者术后镇痛效果提供依据。方法:随访2015年7-8月某院271例骨科手术术后使用PCIA的患者,采用方差分析(ANOVA)及多元线性回归模型进行分析,评价患者性别、年龄、ASA分级、麻醉方式、手术部位、手术时间对术后镇痛效果的影响。结果:影响PCIA术后镇痛效果的主要因素是患者年龄、麻醉方式、手术时间和手术部位。结论:临床在选择患者PCIA镇痛方案及评估镇痛效果时,需综合考虑患者年龄、麻醉方式、手术时间和手术部位等多因素的影响,以实现个体化镇痛。     

HANS穴位神经刺激仪电刺激预防腹腔镜肾癌手术术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

<正>术后恶心呕吐是最常见的麻醉及手术并发症之一~[1,2]。呕吐可导致严重的并发症,如误吸、脱水、电解质失衡,诱发心律失常等。10%的外科手术患者在术后恢复室发生术后恶心呕吐(PONV),术后24 h内,发生PONV的患者比例可升至30%~[3]。PONV已知的危险因素包括女性、使用阿片类镇痛药物、非吸烟、有PONV史或晕动病史四类~[4]。而腹腔镜手术也是引起PONV的高危因素之一。目前常采用的预防治疗方案     

异丙酚联合恩丹西酮预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐

妇科腹腔镜手术因其创伤小,恢复快等优点被广大患者所接受。但其术后恶心呕吐(Postoperative nausea and vomiting PONV)的发生率很高。我们试通过联合应用异丙酚和恩丹西酮观察其对PONV的预防作用。     

两种止吐药物预防CINV的循证药物经济学评价

目的:采用循证方法对奥氮平与阿瑞匹坦联合5-HT_3拮抗剂和地塞米松预防化疗所致恶心呕吐(chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, CINV)进行药物经济学评价。方法:计算机检索Pubmed、 Central、 Embase、CNKI、和Wanfang数据库,查找有关奥氮平与阿瑞匹坦比较其在CINV预防方面的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为建库时间至2018年3月。同时手检相关期刊与会议论文。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入4个RCT,包括患者447例。有效性方面:两种预防方案的全程CINV缓解率相当(P>0.05),奥氮平组急性期呕吐缓解率(OR=1.87, 95%CI:1.08～3.27,P<0.05)、延迟期恶心控制率(OR=2.78, 95%CI:1.85～4.19),P<0.05)优于阿瑞匹坦组;安全性方面:阿瑞匹坦组患者呃逆症状发生率更高(RD=-0.20, 95%CI:-0.37～-0.03),P<0.05);经济性方面:奥氮平组成本明显低于阿瑞匹坦组,具有较大经济学优势。结论:奥氮平联合5-HT3拮抗剂和地塞米松三联止吐方案安全、有效、经济,适合临床推广。     

围术期不同时间应用曲马多对术后镇痛和恶心呕吐的影响

目的 探讨围术期不同时间给予曲马多对术后镇痛和恶心呕吐并发症的影响.方法 选择54例全身麻醉妇科手术患者,按照静脉给予曲马多的时间不同分为手术结束组、手术结束前组、麻醉诱导前组3组.术后3组均安装艾克孚静脉患者自控镇痛泵(PCA),术后随访24 h,记录3组患者的生命体征、镇痛效果和恶心呕吐情况.结果 各时间点3组患者的一般情况和视觉模拟评分之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);麻醉诱导前组8 h内患者的PCA按压次数明显少于其他2组[(0.6±0.8)次比(1.9±1.1)次、(1.6±1.0)次,P＜0.05];术后1 h,手术结束前组恶心呕吐程度最重,手术结束组、麻醉诱导前组与其比较,差异有统计学意义[(1.6±0.9)分比(0.6±0.5)分、(0.5±0.6)分,P＜0.05],术后4、8和12 h,手术结束组的恶心呕吐程度最严重,与其他2组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 麻醉诱导前给予曲马多,既可增强术后镇痛的作用,又能降低曲马多术后镇痛恶心呕吐的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and the influence on nausea and vomiting of tramadol during the different periods of perioperation. Methods Fifty-four patients undergoing gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups according to the time of using tramadol: after operation instantly group, before the end of surgery group and before induction of anesthesia group. All the patients received intravenous patient controlled analgesia(PCA) pump. The vital signs, pain scores and postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed 24 hours after operation. Results There was no significant difference of the vital signs and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores among the three groups( P ＞ 0.05 ). At 8 h after PCA, the number of PCA in before induction of anesthesia group was obviously reduced(P ＜0.05). At 1 h after PCA, the patients in before the end of surgery group experienced the severest nausea and vomiting( P ＜0. 05 ). At 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after PCIA, the patients in after operation instantly group experienced the severest nausea and vomiting ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Using tramadol before induction of anesthesia not only has a good analgesic effect, but also decreases the incidence of nausea and vomiting after postoperative analgesia.     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.