抗结核药物的用药调查分析

目的　通过对浙江温州、台州两市 2 9家医院1999～ 2 0 0 2年使用抗结核药物的统计 ,了解目前抗结核药物的应用情况。方法　根据 2 9家医院药品采购中心 (或药剂科 )的采购数据进行统计分析。结果　抗结核药物的用药金额 1999～ 2 0 0 2年分别为 :5 0 75 2 1元 ,6 34832元 ,76 5 72 1元 ,92 0 177元 ,4年间上升幅度高达 81.31%。其中利福霉素类药物中的利福平增长 4 5 .5 2 % ,平均年增长率为 12 .5 7% ;利福喷丁增长 2 18.89% ,年平均增长率为 4 9.5 3%。结论　抗结核药物消耗逐年上升 ,利福霉素类药物广泛应用 ,异烟肼与对氨基水杨酸用量减少。     

药物性肝炎用药情况调查分析

目的 提高药物性肝炎患者的合理用药水平。方法 对15例药物性肝炎患者用药情况进行回顾性调查分析。结果 用药种类26种，其中注射用药16种、口服用药10种。个人用药数1—10种，6例使用抗菌药物，其中1例使用了3种抗菌药物；5例使用维生素K注射液，其中1例每天剂量高达70mg。结论 治疗药物性肝炎存在不合理用药情况，应引起重视。     

住院患者化疗药物静脉配置不合理用药医嘱分析

目的:探讨和分析住院患者化疗药物静脉配置不合理医嘱情况,提高化疗药物的临床安全性和有效性.方法:随机抽取自2015年10月~2016年10月入住我院的肿瘤患者共10542份化疗用药医嘱资料进行人工审核,并选取其中的247份进行整理和回顾性分析.结果:从审核分析结果来看,在10542份用药医嘱中,不合理用药医嘱247份,占2.34%,不合理用药情况各个科室均有,最为严重的是肿瘤内科,其次是放疗科,还包括血液科、乳腺外科、胸外科;在不合理医嘱类型方面,主要为溶媒种类、溶媒用量和给药剂量.结论:要加强药师在化疗药医嘱上的审核,医院要建立合理用药规范,减少药品不良反应和用药事故的发生,提高用药的安全性和临床有效性.     

我院抗感染药物的临床用药调查分析

对本院1997－1999年抗感染药物使用品种、销售全额进行调查,分析指出了三年来抗感染药物的使用趋势及几种不合理用药现象。     

住院患者抗感染药物合理用药调查

目的:采用住院患者抗感染药物合理用药指标对医院住院患者抗感染药物合理使用水平进行评价与分析.方法:采用美国卫生管理科学社团提出的住院患者抗感染药物合理使用指标作为评价手段,并利用医院HIS系统及PASS软件收集相关资料.结果:院抗感染药物费用占总药品费用的24.5%,住院患者抗感染药物使用率为71.59%,住院患者平均使用了2.4种抗感染药物,人均治疗疗程为5.89 d,基本符合要求.但使用抗感染药物的患者平均费用为799.96元,手术患者73.7%接受了用AMD预防术后感染,且平均使用抗感染药物25.1剂,超出规定范围.结论:利用合理用药调研指标可监测医院住院患者抗感染药物使用情况.     

抗高血压药物用药合理性的调查研究

目的对本院抗高血压药物用药合理性的情况进行调查、研究。方法收集本院2010年的高血压患者3424例,对患者的基本信息和高血压药物的使用情况进行回顾性总结分析。结果所调查的3424例高血压患者中,男性2123例(占62.00%),女性1301例(占38.05%);40岁以下202例(占5.90%),41～50岁245例(占7.16%),51～60岁793例(占23.16%),61～70岁1444例(占42.17%),71～80岁601例(占17.55%),80岁以上的139例(占1.14%);按照用药频率排序,本院抗高血压药物按使用频率排序为硝苯地平、马来酸依那普利、氢氯噻嗪、酒石酸美托洛尔、缬沙坦、吲达帕胺、卡托普利,药物利用指数分别为0.97、0.98、0.97、0.98、1.01、0.94、0.94、0.97,除缬沙坦外均<1;在调查的3566张处方中,单独使用一种降压药的处方532张(占14.92%),二联使用1387张(占38.89%),三联使用1589张(占44.56%),四联以上使用58张(占1.63%)。说明本院的抗高血压使用合理情况基本符合国家相关要求。结论本院的抗高血压药物临床使用情况基本合理,但依旧存在一定的问题,本院应继续加大对临床医生的抗高血压药物使用培训,进一步提高合理应用水平。     

预防用药在化疗所致不良反应中的作用调查分析

目的:探讨预防用药在化疗所致不良反应中的作用,为临床合理应用抗肿瘤药物、提高患者生存质量提供参考。方法:选择我院恶性肿瘤患者306例,调查分析预防用药的作用,探索其规律性。结果与结论:预防用药可以减少化疗时引起的不良反应,5-羟色胺类药物对减少化疗引起的胃肠道不良反应有很大作用,基因重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子对化疗所致骨髓抑制有良好的预防和治疗作用。合理使用预防药物可以保障化疗的顺利进行,提高患者对化疗的耐受性及生存质量。     

门诊静脉药物超说明书用药调查分析

目的：对门诊静脉药物超说明书的用药情况进行调查和分析,为临床用药提供合理的依据。方法：选取2015～2016年门诊处方中认为超常的1500张,依据药品文献对其用药情况进行分析。结果：超说明书的用药主要为超剂量、超溶媒、超适用人群以及超给药途径几个类别,其中,超说明书用药比例高于90％,合理用药仅占其中的一小部分。结论：静脉药物超说明书用药的情况普遍存在于门诊,只有重视这种行为并进行严格的规范,才能确保临床用药的安全。     

卵巢肿瘤联合化疗合理用药调查分析

目的对卵巢恶性肿瘤联合化疗病例进行合理用药调查、分析。方法医、药共同参与,共调查114份卵巢肿瘤联合化疗归档病历,分析联合化疗及辅助治疗用药过程,进行合理用药评价,分科室比较调查结果并分析原因。结果卵巢肿瘤联合化疗用药过程中,在化疗方案选择、化疗给药剂量、溶媒选择、辅助用药等环节存在较多的不合理用药现象,非肿瘤科室开展的联合化疗存在更多的用药问题。结论卵巢肿瘤联合化疗的多个用药环节可出现不合理用药问题,提醒化疗医生重视合理用药。深入评价用药过程可以促进卵巢肿瘤联合化疗合理用药水平的提高。     

临床抗菌药物不合理用药调查分析

为贯彻落实安徽省卫生厅[2006]248号《关于加强抗菌药物临床应用管理的通知》精神,进一步规范抗菌药物临床应用,依据《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,通过抽查病历,对临床使用抗菌药物进行评价,分析不合理用药的表现和原因,以便探究有针对性的解决办法.     

注射用苦参碱的药物分析及临床应用

目的：对注射用苦参碱的药物组成进行分析并研究其临床应用的效果。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法,以215nm为检测波长,进行含量检测及卡尔费休氏法进行水分测定。将生产的注射用苦参碱应用于临床,并进行调研总结。结果：注射用苦参碱在pH值6．0～8．0时易于吸收,将其应用于临床后,经6个月随访发现,其综合疗效评价,有效率为47％。结论：注射用苦参碱能有效抑制肝细胞异常凋亡,同时阻断和减轻肝纤维化程度,与公认的治疗肝炎有效药物的疗效基本相似,且所采用的冻干粉针剂型,可避免药品因高热而降解,易于长期保存,可保持药品的稳定性。     

Beta-casein nanovehicles for oral delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs

Bovine β-casein (β-CN) is an abundant milk protein that is highly amphiphilic and self-assembles into stable micellar structures in aqueous solutions. Here we introduce a drug-delivery system comprising a model hydrophobic anticancer drug, mitoxantrone (MX), entrapped within β-CN–based nanoparticles. This novel drug-delivery system allows hydrophobic drugs to be thermodynamically stable in aqueous solutions for oral-delivery applications aimed at treatment of various disorders. The gastric digestibility of β-CN suggests possible targeting to stomach tumors. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-dissolved MX was entrapped in β-CN nanoparticles by stirring this solution into phosphate-buffered β-CN solution. High-affinity MX–β-CN association was found (K_a = [2.15 ± 0.30] × 10⁶ M^-1). The optimal nanovehicle formation conditions were 1 mg/mL β-CN, ≤6% (vol/vol) DMSO in phosphate-buffer solution, 10 mM MX in DMSO, and a MX:β-CN molar-ratio of ～4:1. Under these conditions, particles of 100 to 300-nm diameter were formed. β-CN nanoparticles may serve as effective oral-delivery nanovehicles for solubilization and stabilization of hydrophobic drugs.From the Clinical EditorBovine β-casein (β-CN) is an abundant milk-protein that is highly amphiphilic and self-assembles into stable micellar-structures in aqueous solutions. β-CN nanoparticles may serve as effective oral-delivery nanovehicles for solubilization and stabilization of hydrophobic drugs, as demonstrated in this study utilizing methotrexate.     

Pyrimidines as the chemotherapeutic drugs

Investigations on new chemotherapeutic drugs have attracted a worldwide interest during the past few years. The pyrimidine derivatives possessing such the activity have a considerable pharmaceutical significance. The works on these compounds are led in various directions, but a particular importance have modifications of the drug Trimetoprime as well as syntheses of new pipemidic acid derivatives and pyrimidines with the amide group.     

Malaria: new chemotherapeutic peroxide drugs

Chemical insights into artemisinin's biological mechanism of action have allowed rational design of some new trioxane and endoperoxide antimalarial drug candidates that are efficacious and safe. This review summarizes recent achievements in this area of peroxide drug development for malaria chemotherapy.     

Synthetic chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of mycoses (review)

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 12–23, April, 1993.     

Nanocarrier-mediated co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and gene agents for cancer treatment

The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug in cancer treatment is often hampered by drug resistance of tumor cells, which is usually caused by abnormal gene expression. RNA interference mediated by siRNA and miRNA can selectively knock down the carcinogenic genes by targeting specific mRNAs. Therefore, combining chemotherapeutic drugs with gene agents could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Due to poor stability and solubility associated with gene agents and drugs, suitable protective carriers are needed and have been widely researched for the co-delivery. In this review, we summarize the most commonly used nanocarriers for co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and gene agents, as well as the advances in co-delivery systems.Abbreviations: γ-CD, γ-cyclodextrin, ANG-CLP, angiopep-2 modified cationic liposome, CMC, critical micelle concentration, CPLA, cationic polylactide, DOTAP, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane, FA, folic acid, FCAP, ferrocenium capped amphiphilic pillar[5]arene, GSH, glutathione, miRNA, micro-RNA, OEI, oligoethylenimine, PAMAM, poly(amido amine), PAsp(AED), poly(N-(2,2ʹ-dithiobis(ethylamine))aspartamide), PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone), PDMAEMA, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, PDPA, poly(2-(diisopropyl amino)ethyl methacrylate), PEG, polyethyleneglycol, PEI, poly(ethyleneimine), PEI-Fc, ferrocene modified poly(ethyleneimine), PEI-PCHLG, poly(ethylene imine)-poly(γ-cholesterol-l-glutamate), PEI-PCL, poly(ethyleneimine) and poly(ε-caprolactone), PLA, polylactic acid (or polylactide), PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PnBA, poly(n-butyl acrylate), PPEEA, poly(2-aminoethyl ethylene phosphate), RNAi, RNA interference, siRNA, small interfering RNA, siVEGF, VEGF-targeted siRNA, SNPs, supramolecular nanoparticles, SSTRs, somatostatin receptors poly(N-(2,2′-dithiobis(ethylamine))aspartamide)KEY WORDS: Nanocarrier, Co-delivery, Chemotherapeutic drug, Gene, Liposome, Micelle, Dendrimer, Supramolecular system     

集中配制化疗药物中存在的问题分析与建议

目的了解我院集中配制化疗药物中存在的问题,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法收集整理我院2013年1月~2014年8月静脉用药调配中心审核、沟通记录单,将配制中出现的问题和处理结果进行统计、分析。结果发现的问题有56例,包括溶媒选择不当、药物的质量浓度不适宜等,其中80.36%的问题已得到及时解决。结论药师在审核医嘱中,发现问题及时与医生、护士沟通,对不合理用药进行了有效干预。     

Drug delivery systems for cancer drugs

Drug delivery systems can offer significant advantages in cancer therapy. They not only allow the delivery of active drug substances that are difficult to formulate (overcoming inherent shortcomings of both biologicals and sparingly water-soluble active drugs) but also decrease the inherent toxicity of most agents, increasing their efficacy (by modulation of the release kinetic from the formulation and of the residence time in the body) and specifically localising the therapy to the site of action. Due to the vast number of feasible approaches and the scrutiny they are under to achieve the abovementioned targets, it is obvious that this review cannot be exhaustive but instead will concentrate on highlighting recent progress in areas where the authors have seen growing interest for oncology applications. The main topics discussed will be oral delivery (with particular regard to advantages in modulating transporter inhibitors), loco-regional therapies (where the major focus will be on lung cancer therapy), colloidal delivery systems (liposomes and second generation lipid formulations) and biodegradable implants.     

难溶性药物给药策略的研究

很多新活性药物在生物体内溶解度很小,如何增加药物溶解度,提高其生物利用度是药物制剂工作中的一大难题.本文就近年来国外针对难溶性药物给药策略的研究进行综述.