Biosynthesis of Quantum Dots (CdTe) and its Effect on Eisenia fetida and Escherichia coli

Biosynthesis belongs to one of the new possibilities of nanoparticles preparation, whereas its main advantage is biocompatibility. In addition, the ability of obtaining the raw material for such synthesis from the soil environment is beneficial and could be useful for remediation. However, the knowledge of mechanisms that are necessary for the biosynthesis or effect on the bio-synthesizing organisms is still insufficient. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of quantum dots (QDs) not only on a model organism of collembolans, but also on another soil organism—earthworm Eisenia fetida—and in also one widespread microorganism such as Escherichia coli. Primarily, we determined 28EC₅₀ as 72.4 μmol L^?1 for CdTe QDs in collembolans. Further, we studied the effect of QDs biosynthesis in E. fetida and E. coli. Using determination of QDs, low-molecular thiols and antioxidant activities, we found differences between both organisms and also between ways how they behave in the presence of Cd and/or Cd and Te. The biosynthesis in earthworms can be considered as its own protective mechanism; however, in E. coli, it is probably a by-product of protective mechanisms.     

Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Effect of TGA-capped CdTe Quantum Dots

The cytotoxicity and DNA damage caused by thioglycolic acid(TGA)-capped cadmium telluride(CdTe)quantum dots(QDs)to hepatocyte line HL-7702 were investigated.Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimeth...     

Effect of CdS Interlayer on Properties of CdTe Based Quantum Dots

Highly luminescent thioglycolic acid-capped CdTe-based core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized through encapsulating CdTe QDs in various inorganic shells including CdS, ZnS and CdZnS. CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs exhibited a significant redshift of emission peaks (a maximum emission peak of 652 nm for the core/shell QDs and 575 nm for CdTe cores) with increasing shell thickness. In contrast, the redshift of photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength of CdTe/ZnS QDs was less than 15 nm. The PL peak wavelengths of the core/shell QDs depended strongly on core size and shell thickness. The PL quantum yields (QYs) of the CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs are up to 67 % while that of CdTe/ZnS core/shell QDs is 45 %. A composite CdZnS shell made CdTe cores a high PL QY up to 51 % and broadly adjusted PL spectra (a maximum PL peak wavelength of 664 nm). The epitaxial growth of the shell was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis and luminescence decay experiments. Because of high PL QYs, tunable PL spectra, and low toxicity from a ZnS surface layer, CdTe/CdZnS core/shell QDs will be great potential for bioapplications.     

氨基酸对CdTe量子点荧光性质的影响

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂, 制备了水溶性碲化镉(CdTe)量子点(QDs), 分别考察了pH值和几种氨基酸对CdTe-QDs紫外吸收和荧光的影响. 结果表明, 在不同pH值下, 丙氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸对CdTe-QDs的荧光有不同的影响, 丙氨酸、丝氨酸使CdTe-QDs荧光发生猝灭现象, 而半胱氨酸在碱性范围内则使CdTe-QDs的荧光明显增强, 说明氨基酸对量子点存在不同的作用机制.     

水热法合成巯基乙胺稳定的CdTe量子点

提出了一种以水热法合成巯基乙胺稳定的CdTe量子点的简单制备路线. 在优化的反应条件下, 产物的荧光量子效率最高达到19.7%, 接近已报道的其它方法的2倍. 考察了反应条件对产物的荧光性能的影响及产物在不同pH溶液中的稳定性.     

CdTe量子点与蛋白质相互作用的荧光猝灭效应

本文在水热法合成水溶性CdTe及核壳结构CdTe/CdS量子点的基础上,分别研究了细胞色素c对CdTe量子点及CdTe/CdS核壳量子点荧光的猝灭效应和CdTe量子点对牛血清白蛋白荧光的猝灭效应,并阐述了猝灭机理。结果显示,细胞色素c对CdTe量子点的荧光猝灭效应具有一定的粒径依赖性,粒径越小,猝灭效应越强;细胞色素c对CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的猝灭效应比对CdTe量子点的更强,揭示了受激电子的表面传递机理。CdTe量子点通过松散牛血清白蛋白的螺旋结构而猝灭其荧光。     

基于CdTe量子点内滤效应同步荧光猝灭法测定四环素

以巯基丙酸作为稳定剂制备CdTe量子点,发现CdTe量子点的激发光谱与四环素的吸收光谱有较好重叠,满足发生内滤效应的条件。据此以四环素为吸光体、CdTe量子点为荧光体构建内滤效应荧光传感体系,从而建立一种测定四环素含量的同步荧光猝灭法。实验结果表明,当固定波长差为220 nm时,CdTe量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长为297 nm。在最佳实验条件下,四环素浓度在1.0×10-6~1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内与体系同步荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数和检出限分别为0.999和2.5×10-8mol·L-1。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好,应用于牛奶样品中四环素的检测,加标回收率为97.0%~104.3%。     

Fluorescence fingerprints of Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei

We describe a fluorescent method that allows to differentiate the worms Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei. In fact, the coelomic fluid of E. andrei displays specific fluorescence absent in that of E. fetida. The two species do not metabolize the same types of molecules and thus can be differentiated at the molecular level. Each species has specific fluorescence fingerprints.     

CdTe量子点的无机合成及其荧光性质

以Na HTe为碲源,巯基乙酸为稳定剂,在水溶液中制得Cd Te前驱体(A);A分别采用微波辐射加热法(1)、水热合成法(2)和水浴回流法(3)制备了三种水溶性Cd Te纳米量子点(Cd Te-1t~Cd Te-3t),其结构经XRD和TEM表征。利用UV-Vis和荧光发射光谱考察了反应时间(t)对Cd Te-1t~Cd Te-3t荧光性质的影响。实验结果表明:在反应条件[微波功率400 W,温度96℃,微波辐射5 min]下,可快速制得Cd Te-15,量子产率41.16%,粒径3.2 nm,抗光漂白性能较好;延长反应时间,Cd Te-1t~Cd Te-3t的特征发射峰和特征吸收峰均红移,量子产率先增加后降低。     

Study of Interaction between Metallothionein and CdTe Quantum Dots

Quantum dots (QDs) belong to a new class of fluorescent agent for biochemical, medicinal or other purposes. However, QDs based on cadmium or other metals can be risky for an organism. As one of the mechanism how to detoxify cadmium-based QDs expression of metallothioneins (MT) can be considered. Due to high affinity of metallothionein to cadmium(II) ions, we attempted to develop an approach for studying of possible interaction with QDs. We prepared QDs with CdTe core and studied the interaction with MT, which we isolated from livers of Cd-administered rabbits. To study the interaction, we used the mixture of both components MT (3.6 μM): CdTe QDs (0, 0.34, 0.68, 1.02, 1.36, 1.7, 2.04 and 2.47 μM). The mixtures were studied by spectrophotometry within the range from 200 to 750 nm with detected maxima at 260 and 505 nm. Same mixtures were also analysed by differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction, which supported data from spectrophotometry. Subsequently, we used fast protein liquid chromatography for purification of protein–quantum dot conjugates. We obtained the different chromatograms for (1) Apo MT, (2) CdTe QDs and (3) MT–QD complex. We also collected the fractions and subsequently analysed them on the content of Cd and MT, which confirmed the formation of CdTe QDs–MT complex.     

Electrochemiluminescence Enhancement of CdTe Quantum Dots by the Addition of Silver(I) Ions

Water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by using a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped method. Stable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was obtained when the CdTe QDs were immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by Layer-By-Layer (LBL) assembly of CdTe QDs and polydiallyldimethylam-monium chloride (PDDA) by using 2-(dibutylamino)-ethanol (DBAE) as a co-reactant. The ECL enhancement of CdTe QDs by the addition of silver(I) ions was also investigated. The maximum enhancement factor about 4 was obtained on a GCE in the presence and absence of the co-reactant. The enhancement was observed in phosphate-citric acid and phosphate buffer solutions (PBS), but not in borate buffer solution (BBS). This was newly formed Ag nanoparticles or silver(I) complex with large surface area and high catalytic activity in the phosphate-citric acid and phosphate buffer solutions, thus resulting in ECL enhancement.     

水溶性CdTe量子点的合成及影响因素研究

本文以巯基乙酸(TGA)为稳定剂,在水相中合成了高荧光CdTe量子点.其荧光发射波长在507 ～ 628nm范围内可调,最窄半峰宽37 nm,粒径约3.4nm,量子产率达42.1％.本实验在固定前躯体配比不变的情况下,考察了前躯体中镉离子的浓度、pH及回流时间对CdTe生长的影响.并用透射电子显微镜(TEM),荧光分光光度计(FS),X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段对制备的量子点进行了表征.结果表明:CdTe量子点的尺寸随回流时间而增长;反应的pH对量子点的荧光强度有显著影响;镉离子的浓度越大,量子点的生长速度越快,荧光强度却随之降低.     

CdTe量子点对胰凝乳蛋白酶的荧光标记

用巯基丙酸作为表面修饰剂在水相中制备了稳定的CdTe纳米量子点.利用量子点外层包被的巯基丙酸上的羧基,实现了量子点与胰凝乳蛋白酶的直接偶联.偶联后溶液的吸光度值略有增大而吸收峰位不变,同时荧光强度明显增强,荧光发射峰位稍有蓝移.通过荧光发射光谱确定了CdTe量子点与胰凝乳蛋白酶偶联的最佳反应条件为:pH 9.0,反应温度37℃,反应时间1.5 h.重点考察了NaCl浓度和胰凝乳蛋白酶浓度对量子点与胰凝乳蛋白酶偶联产物荧光强度的影响.     

高质量CdTe量子点的水相快速合成

系统考察了水相合成CdTe量子点的主要影响因素, 通过改变无水乙醇-水体系的体积, 提高NaHTe的合成质量, 并调整反应温度, 改变反应的初始pH值, 在水相中快速合成了量子产率高、粒径分布范围窄的CdTe量子点, 实现了对量子点发光性质的调控, 在最佳条件(无水乙醇3 mL, 水1 mL, 反应初始pH 8.0, 反应温度40 ℃)下, 最高量子产率达68%. 量子点胶体溶液在回流过程中有时产生白色沉淀, 放置7 d后, 未过滤白色沉淀的量子点比过滤后的量子点荧光强度提高15%, 白色沉淀还有减小粒径分布的作用.     

CdTe量子点荧光增敏法测定新霉素含量

在水溶液中制备巯基乙酸修饰的CdTe量子点(QDs),基于新霉素对CdTe QDs的荧光增敏效应,建立了一种测定新霉素的荧光分析新方法。考察了缓冲体系及pH值、量子点浓度、反应时间等多种条件下新霉素对CdTe QDs的荧光增敏效应。结果表明,在pH=7.5的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,当CdTe QDs溶液为3.5×10-6 mol·L-1、反应时间为5min时,新霉素浓度在1.0×10-8~10.0×10-8 mol·L-1范围内与体系的相对荧光强度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9996,检出限为2.6×10-10 mol·L-1。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于实际样品中新霉素含量的测定。     

配体对CdTe量子点与BSA的选择性相互作用的影响

以巯基乙酸(TGA)、巯基丙酸(MPA)、巯基甘油(TG)、L-半胱氨酸(L-cys)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)等5种巯基分子为稳定剂, 水相合成了5种CdTe量子点. 以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为靶分子, 通过吸收光谱、荧光光谱和时间分辨荧光动力学等手段研究了各种配体分子稳定的CdTe量子点与BSA的直接相互作用. 结果表明, 5种量子点均能有效猝灭BSA的荧光, 其猝灭程度按配体次序为GSH>L-cys>TGA>TG>MPA; 而BSA对不同配体稳定的CdTe量子点的荧光光谱的影响则具有明显的选择性. BSA对TGA-CdTe和MPA-CdTe量子点的荧光先敏化增强而后猝灭下降; L-cys分子由于同时具有氨基和羧基而与BSA的相互作用较强, 因此BSA能显著猝灭L-cys-CdTe量子点的荧光; 而BSA对TG-CdTe量子点的荧光猝灭程度较小; GSH分子的空间效应使GSH-CdTe量子点的荧光被BSA猝灭的程度最小. 吸收光谱和时间分辨荧光动力学研究表明, 5种量子点与BSA之间的相互作用均为静态过程. 探讨了量子点的配体分子结构与蛋白质的相互作用机理.     

CdTe量子点标记的DNA电化学传感器的研究

利用碳纳米管和CdTe量子点(QDs)组装的电化学传感器,建立了一种识别DNA的新方法.将氨基修饰的单链DNA探针共价键合固定在带有羧基的碳纳米管修饰的金电极上,然后与CdTe QDs标记的目标DNA进行杂交.利用差分脉冲法(DPV)和循环伏安法对目标DNA的固定和杂交进行表征,通过电活性指示剂柔红霉素(DNR)的DPV峰电流变化,对互补DNA、非互补DNA和单碱基错配DNA序列进行识别.与未标记CdTe QDs的目标DNA相比,标记CdTe QDs的目标DNA序列的电流响应灵敏度明显提高.DNA电化学传感器检测的优化条件:DNR的浓度为1.67×10-5 mol/L,DNA杂交时间为80 min,杂交温度为55 ℃.在1.0×10-13 ～1.0×10-8 mol/L范围,目标DNA浓度的对数值与其响应的DPV信号(还原峰电流)呈线性关系,检出限为3.52×10-14 mol/L(S/N=3,n=9),线性方程为ΔI=50.22+3.567 lgcDNA,相关系数为0.996 6.对1.0×10-10 mol/L的目标DNA样品进行重复测定,相对标准偏差为4.8%(n=5),重复性良好.     

Conjugations between Cysteamine-Stabilized CdTe Quantum Dots and Single Stranded DNA

Abstract

Cysteamine-stabilized CdTe quantum dots were used to directly conjugate with single stranded DNA through electrostatic attraction between positive amino function groups on the surface of CdTe quantum dots and negatively charged DNA. The conjugates exhibited different optical properties from that of CdTe quantum dots, for example, the fluorescence intensity was enhanced obviously with maximum emission peaks gradually red-shifting, and the conjugates were more stable. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity was proportional to concentration of DNA over the range 0.16–0.48 µg/mL. This proposed method demonstrated a versatile tool for the fluorescence probing of target DNA and fluorescence labeling.     

CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定培氟沙星

在水相中合成了巯基乙酸包被的CdTe量子点(CdTe ODs),培氟沙星(PEF)对该量子点的荧光具有显著的猝灭,基于该猝灭作用,实现了用CdTe ODs作为荧光探针对痕量PEF的定量检测.实验发现,在pH为9.5的B-R缓冲溶液中,当CdTeODs的浓度为2.0×10-4 mol/L时,PEF的浓度在6.40×10-5～1.28×10-3mg/mL范围与CdTe ODs的荧光猝灭强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9917,检出限(S/N=3)为1.30×10-5 mg/mL.用该方法对犬猫倍福康和注射用PEF的含量进行了测定,回收率为94.6％～106％.     

Direct Synthesis of High-Quality Water-Soluble CdTe:Zn(2+) Quantum Dots

The synthesis of water-soluble and low-cytotoxicity quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution has received much attention recently. A one-step and convenient method has been developed for synthesis of water-soluble glutathione (GSH)-capped and Zn(2+)-doped CdTe QDs via a refluxing route. Because of the addition of Zn ions and the epitaxial growth of a CdS layer, the prepared QDs exhibit superior properties, including strong fluorescence, minimal cytotoxicity, and enhanced biocompatibility. The optical properties of QDs are characterized by UV-vis and fluorescence (FL) spectra. The structure of QDs was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the low cytotoxicity of the prepared QDs was proved by the microcalorimetric technique and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).