成都地区中老年人群单纯收缩期高血压流行特点及其影响因素

目的探讨成都城乡地区中老年人群单纯收缩期高血压流行状况及危险因素,为本地区中老年高血压防治工作提供理论依据。方法 2008年应用分层整群抽样方法调查成都城乡地区40~79岁中老年人5205人,经统一培训的30余名医护人员进行血压测量及资料收集。了解中老年单纯收缩期高血压的患病率,分析中老年单纯收缩期高血压的影响因素。结果成都城乡地区中老年人群单纯收缩期高血压患病率为16.64%,标化患病率为15.87%。城市居民患病率为17.18%,农村居民患病率为14.23%;城市高于农村(P0.01)。男性患病率为16.09%;女性患病率为16.99%(P=0.40)。随着年龄的增加,单纯收缩期高血压患病率呈明显的增高趋势。多元Logistic逐步回归分析发现,年龄、偏咸膳食、腹型肥胖为男性单纯收缩期高血压的危险因素。年龄、绝经、超重或肥胖、腹型肥胖、高胆固醇血症为女性单纯收缩期高血压的危险因素。文化程度高及适度的运动为女性单纯收缩期高血压的保护因素。结论成都地区中老年人单纯收缩期高血压患病率较高,与增龄关系密切。控制腰围、体质量、钠盐摄入,适度运动对中老年人单纯收缩期高血压防治工作有较为重要的意义。     

成都地区中老年人群LDLC升高的流行状况及影响因素

目的探讨成都城乡地区中老年人群LDLC升高的流行状况及影响因素,为今后本地区脂代谢异常防治奠定基础。方法样本的获取采用分层整群抽样的方法,以社区(村)为单位,抽取城乡社区40~79岁有代表性人群5 230人进行LDLC及相关因素的调查。结果成都地区中老年人群LDLC升高的患病率2.18%。标化患病率为2.03%。40~74岁人群随年龄增大LDLC升高的患病率逐渐增高;75岁以后患病率略有下降。男女两性及城乡患病率差异均无显著性(P均0.05)。成都地区中老年男性人群LDLC升高的危险因素为年龄、糖尿病,适度饮酒为保护因素;中老年女性人群LDLC升高的危险因素为分娩巨大儿、腹型肥胖、糖尿病,保护因素为适度饮酒、体力锻炼。结论成都地区中老年人群LDLC升高的患病率较低,明显低于全国水平。成都乃至四川地区冠心病的相对低发可能与人群高LDLC血症的低患病率有关。防治糖尿病、适度饮酒、合理体力锻炼对预防LDLC升高可能有积极意义。     

济南地区中老年人群低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高的影响因素

目的探讨济南地区中老年人群低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高的影响因素。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,对济南地区6个区县45岁以上中老年3 000人进行调查研究,全自动生化分析仪检测LDL-C水平,并分析相关有效因素。结果济南地区中老年人群LDL-C升高的患病率1.97%(59/3 000)。45~69岁人群随年龄增大,LDL-C升高患病增加,70岁以上老年人患病率下降。年龄和糖尿病是男性LDL-C升高的危险因素,肥胖和糖尿病是女性LDL-C升高的危险因素,适度饮酒和体力锻炼为中老年LDL-C升高的保护因素。结论济南地区动脉粥样硬化的低发可能与人群LDL-C的低患病率有关,防治糖尿病、适度饮酒和体力锻炼对预防LDL-C升高具有重要意义。     

成都地区中老年人群高血压前期合并糖尿病前期患病率及影响因素分析

目的:探讨成都地区中老年人群糖尿病前期合并高血压前期的患病率及影响因素,为本地区中老年人群心血管疾病的预防工作提供理论依据。片法:采取分层整群抽样方法,选取成都城乡地区40~79岁中老年居民5 240例,经统一培训的医护人员进行血压、血糖测量及资料收集,了解高血压前期合并糖尿病前期患病率及相关影响因素。结果:成都城乡地区中老年人群高血压前期合并糖尿病前期患病率为12.5%,标化患病率为11.5%。城市居民患病率12.4%,农村居民患病率13.2%(P=0.47);男性患病率12.7%,女性患病率12.4%(P=0.81)。随着年龄的增加,高血压前期合并糖尿病前期患病率呈明显增高趋势。多元Logistic回归分析发现,年龄大、超重或肥胖(女性包括腹型肥胖)、兄弟姐妹高血压病史、高甘油三酯血症、多次分娩(女性)、绝经(女性)使高血压前期合并糖尿病前期的风险增加(P均0.05),较高的文化程度使男性患高血压前期合并糖尿病前期的风险减小(P0.05);适度运动使女性高血压前期合并糖尿病前期的的风险减小(P0.05)。结论:中老年人群高血压前期合并糖尿病前期患病率高,与年龄密切相关。中老年高血压前期合并糖尿病前期人群的防治控制应从提高全民文化水平、控制腰围及体重、调整饮食结构、适度运动入手。     

辽宁省省直机关中老年人群代谢综合征的现况调查

目的调查辽宁省省直机关中老年人群代谢综合征的患病情况。方法选取2005年9-11月在我院干诊科进行健康体检的辽宁省省直机关40岁以上人群体检完整资料1506份,统计分析代谢综合征及其组分的患病情况。结果对1506份调查资料分析显示,代谢综合征、超重和（或）肥胖、糖代谢异常、高血压、高三酰甘油血症和高尿酸血症的患病率分别为26.3%、46.1%、56.4%、57.4%、39.0%和28.0%,按照2000年第五次全国人口普查沈阳地区人口构成比进行标化后,上述各组分标化患病率分别为10.8%、18.9%、23.2%、23.6%、16.0%、11.5%。除超重和（或）肥胖外,代谢综合征及各组分患病率均随年龄增加逐渐增高。代谢综合征与冠心病的联系强度比值比（OR）为1.912,可信区间为1.34～2.74,代谢综合征患者并存冠心病的可能性是无代谢综合征人群的1.92倍（P〈0.01）。结论辽宁省省直机关中老年人群代谢综合征患病率较高,代谢综合征患病率在不同的年龄段有所不同。代谢综合征是心血管病发病的重要的预测因素。     

中老年人群高甘油三酯血症-腰围表型与心血管危险因素聚集关系探讨

目的:探讨40~79岁中老年人群高甘油三酯(TG)血症-腰围(HTWC)表型与心血管危险因素聚集的关系。方法 :利用2013年成都市4个社区横断面流行病学调查的1 004例40~79岁中老年人群数据,将HTWC定义为TG≥2.0 mmol/L,男性腰围≥90 cm,女性腰围≥85 cm。分为(1)TG和腰围正常组(492例)即血TG2.0 mmol/L,男性腰围90 cm,女性腰围85 cm;(2)单纯腹型肥胖组(301例)即血TG2.0 mmol/L,男性腰围≥90 cm,女性腰围≥85 cm;(3)单纯高TG组(79例)即血TG≥2.0 mmol/L,男性腰围90 cm,女性腰围85 cm;(4)HTWC组(132例)即血TG≥2.0 mmol/L,男性腰围≥90 cm,女性腰围≥85 cm,共4组。分析该人群HTWC检出率及其与心血管危险因素聚集的相关性。结果:40~79岁中老年人群HTWC表型的检出率为13.15%(男性12.69%,女性13.37%),40~79岁人群中HTWC组心血管危险因素聚集检出率为41.67%,而TG和腰围正常组心血管危险因素聚集检出率为13.21%。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,经校正年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟史、糖尿病家族史及高血压家族史后,HTWC组发生心血管危险因素聚集的检出率仍为TG和腰围正常组的4.50倍(比值比:4.50,95%可信区间:2.84~7.12,P0.05)。结论:中老年人群HTWC与心血管危险因素聚集密切相关,可作为筛查心血管危险因素聚集的指标。     

成都地区中老年高血压人群糖代谢异常流行状况及其影响因素

目的 探讨成都地区中老年高血压人群糖代谢异常流行状况及影响因素.方法 于2008年采用分层整群抽样的方法,调查成都城乡地区40～79岁中老年人口4685例,进行血压、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)等检测,已确诊糖尿病患者只测空腹血糖,开展问卷调查.比较高血压及非高血压人群糖代谢异常患病率,获取中老年高血压人群单纯性糖耐量异常及单纯性负荷后高血糖情况,分析中老年高血压人群糖代谢异常的影响因素.结果 成都地区中老年高血压人群糖代谢异常患病率(53.4%)显著高于非高血压人群(25.1%);若不行OGTT,仅依靠检测空腹血糖,将漏诊中老年高血压人群中72.9%的糖尿病前期患者和54.4%的新诊断糖尿病患者;年龄、一级亲属糖尿病史、超重或肥胖为成都地区中老年男性高血压人群发生糖代谢异常的独立危险因素,体育锻炼、文化程度高为保护因素;年龄、一级亲属糖尿病史、腹型肥胖、高TG血症为成都地区中老年女性高血压人群发生糖代谢异常的独立危险因素.结论 成都地区中老年高血压人群超过半数合并糖代谢异常,需要通过OGTT及时发现这些合并糖代谢异常的患者.适当运动,了解糖尿病相关的保健知识以采取合理的生活方式,干预超重或肥胖、腹型肥胖及高TG血症等代谢性因素,对于减少中老年高血压人群糖代谢异常的发生有着较为重要的作用.     

辽宁省农村地区高血压人群糖代谢异常的流行病学调查

目的了解辽宁省农村地区≥35岁高血压人群糖代谢异常患病率及相关危险因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法对阜新农村≥35岁常住（≥5年）高血压人群进行流行病学调查。FPG按1997年ADA建议分类,使用SPSS11.5进行统计分析。结果空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率为9.7%,男性高于女性;女性IFG患病率随年龄增长而增加。糖尿病（DM）患病率为10.0%,男性低于女性;DM患病率男、女均随年龄增长而增加。IFG及DM患病率随血压级别增高而增加。Logistic回归分析显示,糖代谢异常的相关危险因素为年龄、血压级别、超重或肥胖。结论辽宁省阜新农村地区高血压人群IFG及DM患病率较高,应给予关注,综合评估,全面治疗。     

四川省凉山彝族成人代谢综合征患病率调查

目的 分析比较四川省凉山城乡地区彝族人群代谢综合征(MS)的患病率和危险因素.方法 对自然人群采用整群随机抽样的方法,于2007年7月至8月在四川省凉山州西昌市区及两个乡村的20～74岁的彝族居民开展横断面调查.诊断标准用2006年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)标准.结果 MS总的患病率为27.5%,其中城市高于农村(31.2% vs 10.1%, P<0.01),女性高于男性(18.4% vs 13.7%,P<0.01);多因素logstic回归分析显示城市人口性别、年龄、UA、ALT是MS的独立危险因素.结论 四川凉山彝族MS患病率特点为城市高于农村、女性高于男性,患病率随年龄增加而增加;MS各组分也是城市明显高于农村;年龄、性别、UA、ALT和城乡不同的生活方式是MS的独立危险因素.     

安徽省部分城乡居民高血压患病状况及相关因素分析

目的了解安徽省部分城市和农村成年人高血压的患病特征及影响因素。方法 2010-2012年原卫生部疾病预防控制局组织开展"中国居民营养与健康状况监测"项目,通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取安徽省年龄≥18岁城乡居民4136名,采用集中和入户相结合形式进行询问调查和体格检查。采用多因素Logistic回归方法对城乡居民高血压患病的影响因素进行分析。结果安徽省部分城市和农村成人高血压患病率为35.3%,标化率为27.4%,城市患病率为34.3%,农村患病率为35.9%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.04,P0.05)。年龄≥18岁居民高血压患病率随年龄增长而升高,男性患病率高于女性(30.6%比22.2%,χ~2=38.24,P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、年龄、超重、肥胖及腹型肥胖是城市和农村高血压患病的共同危险因素,此外农村高血压患病的危险因素还包括高血压家族史和高血脂症。结论安徽省部分城乡成人高血压患病率为27.4%,超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖等是高血压发病的主要危险因素。     

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and factors associated with its components in Chinese adults

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among middle-aged and elderly adults in Jiangsu province, China. Moreover, factors associated with MetS were also assessed. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 4 randomly selected areas including both urban and rural areas from Jiangsu province, China. After the procedure, 3914 adults aged 35 to 74 years were included in the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III report. Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire, biophysical assessment, and biochemical examination. Crude and age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 31.5% and 30.5%, respectively. Prevalence rate increased significantly with age in female but not in male subjects, whereas this was true for both sexes with increased body mass index. High blood pressure was the most prevalent component of MetS (45.2%), followed by elevated triglycerides (40.1%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.1%). Multivariate ordinal regression analysis revealed that women had significantly higher risk of MetS than men (odds ratio = 1.72, P < .001). Older age, living in urban area, income, family history of diabetes, and family history of hypertension were positively associated with MetS risk. However, higher education and tea drinking everyday were found to be negatively associated with MetS (P < .05). Moreover, substantial agreement (κ = 0.79) was found between the International Diabetes Federation and modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria among 3 comparisons of MetS definitions. Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population in Jiangsu province. Community-based strategies for diet and lifestyle modifications are strongly suggested, especially in women and the elderly.     

彝族和汉族老年人代谢综合征患病率和相关危险因素的对比性分析

目的比较性分析四川地区彝族和汉族老年人群代谢综合征（MetS）的患病率和危险因素。方法2007年7月至8月在四川地区采用整群随机抽样的方法对20岁以上的成年人开展横断面调查,本研究选择60岁以上的彝族和汉族老年人群进行分析。诊断标准采用2006年国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）标准。结果彝族和汉族老年人群的MetS的患病率分别为23．6％和29．0％,两民族老年人群中女性MetS患病率均明显高于男性,彝族老年男性MetS患病率明显低于汉族老年男性。彝族农村老年人MetS的患病率明显低于城市,彝族农村老年人MetS的患病率明显低于汉族农村老年人。多因素logstic回归分析显示女性、年龄和城市居住是彝族老年人MetS的独立危险因素;而汉族老年人MetS的患病率仅与女性呈独立正相关。结论四川彝族和汉族老年人群MetS患病率均以女性较高,彝族城市老年人MetS患病率较高,与汉族城乡老年人患病率相当,但彝族农村老年人患病率较低,因此在彝族和汉族老年人群中应广泛且有重点的开展MetS防治策略。     

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among young adults in Izmir, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among the young adult ages in Izmir, Turkey. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was held including 885 subjects aged between 20 to 39 years from 45 primary health care centres in Konak, which is the biggest urban area in Izmir. A stratified sampling method was used to select the participants of 318 males and 567 females. In the study, metabolic syndrome was classified according to NCEP ATP III criterion on the basis of metabolic risk factors evaluated between December 2001 and April 2002. RESULTS: The crude prevalence of metabolic syndrome (having three or more of the metabolic risk factors) was 3.6% among 20 and 29 years old men and 19.6% among 30 and 39 years old men and the increase by age was significant (p<0.001). The results were similar in women and the crude prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 7.5 % in 20 and 29 years old women to 24 % in 30 and 39 years old women (p<0.001). With regard to the highest prevalences of the first three metabolic risk factors, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure, the age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in women than in men and all subjects (15% vs 10.2% vs 13.6%, p<0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was extremely high between young adults in urban areas and the most prevalent components of the metabolic syndrome were found to be high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity and high fasting glucose, respectively.     

Prevalence of Glucose Intolerance in Urban and Rural Communities in Saudi Arabia

The prevalence and associated factors for glucose intolerance among Saudi populations in urban and rural communities were investigated among 13177 subjects, 15 years and over, from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The data were standardized using the known age structure of the Saudi population. The sample was randomly selected from subjects who participated in the National Epidemiological Household Study for Chronic Metabolic Diseases. Medical and social history was ascertained from all the study population during house visits. All subjects were then requested to attend a local primary care centre for physical examination and phlebotomy for measurement of random plasma glucose (RPG). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was employed for subjects with borderline values. WHO criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were applied. Mean RPG from the urban population was significantly higher than in the rural population. Age adjusted prevalence of DM was significantly higher in the urban population (males 12 %, 95 % CI 11–13 and females 14 %, 95 % CI 13–15) than in the rural population (males 7 %, 95 % CI 7–8 and females 7.7 %, 95 % CI 7–9) and is among the highest in the world. The prevalence of DM increased with age. The lowest and highest prevalences of DM in the urban population were 2 % for subjects aged 15–20 years and 49 % for female subjects aged 51–60 years. The lowest and highest prevalences of DM among rural population were 1 % for subjects aged 15–20 years and 29 % for female subjects over the age of 60 years. Fifty-six per cent of diabetic patients were newly diagnosed at the time of the study. Age adjusted prevalence of IGT was not significantly higher in the urban population. The highest prevalence of obesity, BMI>30, was among urban female subjects. Age, obesity, and family history of DM were associated with DM. Considering the young nature of Saudi population, the prevalence is expected to increase in the near future. There is a need to develop a multi-disciplinary approach for the general population with special attention to female subjects for prevention through controlling modifiable risk factors such as obesity and sedentary life style, improving glycemic control of the diabetic population, and early identification and treatment of diabetic complications. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A rural-urban comparison of the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome by gender in Korea: the Korean Health and Genome Study (KHGS)

The number of cases of the metabolic syndrome is increasing dramatically in Western countries. However, the evaluation of the metabolic syndrome is limited in Asian countries. Thus, our objectives were: 1) to investigate parameters of the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) in the subjects representing Korean general population and 2) the modification of which factor is most effective in reducing the metabolic syndrome. A total of 10,044 (5024 rural and 5020 urban) Korean men and women in the age range 40-69 yr voluntarily participated in this community-based cross-sectional study (a rural and an urban community was selected). Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist and hip circumference and blood pressure), social factors (smoking, alcohol, exercise and education status) as well as biochemical parameters (fasting glucose and insulin, lipids and body composition) were measured. Twenty-six point one per cent of the total subjects were classified as having the metabolic syndrome. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences were 29.3 and 22.3% in the rural and urban community, respectively (p< 0.01). Abdominal obesity (46.9%) and high blood pressure (45.2%) were major components in the rural community; hypertriglyceridemia (37.6%) and low HDL-cholesterolemia (37.0%) in the urban community. In conclusion, abdominal obesity in the rural community and dyslipidemia in the urban community should be a main subject of intervention, aimed at reducing the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Korea. Given the rapid progression of the Korean economy over the past 30 yr, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is expected to increase continuously. A strategy to prevent this expected extraordinary event should be conducted at a national level.     

东北农村糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率调查及影响因素分析

目的了解我国东北农村地区35岁及以上人群糖尿病患病、知晓、治疗和控制情况以及糖尿病的影响因素,为制定农村地区糖尿病干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法选取吉林省2个县的35岁及以上的农村居民作为研究对象,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查来获取糖尿病及相关因素的资料。结果本研究用于糖尿病患病情况和影响因素分析的有效数据为2600人。我国东北地区35岁及以上农村居民糖尿病粗（年龄标化）患病率为7.3%（5.3%）,粗（年龄标化）知晓率、治疗率、控制率和治疗控制率分别为54.7%（44.0%）、48.9%（39.7%）、14.7%（10.0%）和30.11%（18.0%）。女性、高龄、有家族史和不饮酒人群知晓率和治疗率较高（P〈0.05）,而且治疗率还与腹型肥胖有关（P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现年龄、家族史、是否为腹型肥胖、血脂异常和高血压患病情况等5个因素是我国东北地区35岁及以上农村居民糖尿病的影响因素（OR=1.55~5.30）。结论我国东北地区35岁及以上农村居民糖尿病患病率较高,但是知晓、治疗和控制水平较低,亟待采取有针对性的干预措施来防控糖尿病的发生和发展。     

黑龙江省20～74岁居民代谢综合征流行病学调查

采取多极分层整群随机抽样的原则对黑龙江2 875名20～74岁居民进行问卷调查,并测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、静息心率及体脂含量,测定空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂,并晨尿测定尿微量白蛋白.采用国际糖尿病联盟关于代谢综合征(MS)的诊断标准.结果 显示,黑龙江省20～74岁居民MS粗患病率为19.34%,年龄标化后患病率为21.92%(男性20.41%,女性23.11%).且 MS患病率随年龄的增长而增加.城市、城镇及乡村MS年龄标化患病率分别25.22%、17.38%和14.75%,城市MS患病率高于城镇和乡村(均P<0.05).多元回归分析结果表明,体脂含量高、胰岛素抵抗、年龄增高、城乡地域差异、经常饮酒、每日主食量过多、白蛋白尿、教育水平低、肥胖家族史及性别均为代谢综合征的危险因素.     

中国成年人代谢综合征的患病率

目的本研究旨在提供关于我国35～74岁一般成年人群代谢综合征(MS)及其主要组成成分患病率的最新资料。方法我们于2000-2001年在全国35～74岁的成年人群中代表性地选择了15540例个体进行横断面调查。根据国际糖尿病联盟2004年度推荐的有关中国人MS的标准诊断MS和进行组分分类。结果男女合计，年龄未标化的MS患病率为16．5％。年龄标化后的MS患病率，男女分别为10．0％和23．3％；年龄标化后的患病率，北方和南方地区分别为23．3％和11．5％，城市和农村地区分别为23．5％和14．7％。我国北方居民的MS患病率高于南方居民，城市居民高于农村居民。结论我国成年人中有相当比例的个体患有MS。这些结果提示我国亟需制定面向全国的预防、检测和治疗MS的卫生策略，以降低心血管疾病的社会负担。     

Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

We studied the prevalence and trend of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults aged at least 20 years using Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey data from 1998 and 2001. The prevalence of body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg m^?2 among Korean adults in 2001 was 32.9% in men and 27.4% in women, and the number of Korean men with BMI ≥ 25 kg m^?2 has increased markedly since 1998. A significant positive association between obesity and socioeconomic status was found in Korean men, whereas a significant negative association was identified in Korean women. The prevalence rates of waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm in men and WC ≥ 85 cm in women were 23.4% and 23.1% in 2001 respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults was 15–30% according to various criteria of metabolic syndrome. Future studies are needed to determine the changes in prevalence of obesity and contributing factors for obesity in Koreans.