采用AVR控制器的GPS授时与定位装置的设计与制作

以解析GPS的时间信息和位置信息为目标,通过使用嵌入式GPS模块和AVR控制器,设计和制作GPS授时与定位装置,实现时间信息和位置信息的解析和显示等问题;首先给出了基于GPS模块和AVR控制器的授时与定位装置的整体构架,然后对各个部分的硬件进行详细设计,给出了硬件设计电路和软件设计框图;最后对所设计的基于GPS模块和AVR控制器的授时与定位装置进行实物制作,证明了设计内容的正确性和可行性,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

视盘和视杯分割在计算机辅助青光眼诊断中的应用综述

青光眼是以视神经损伤、特征性视野损伤为特点的一类眼病,在早期很难诊断,尽早发现可更好地遏制青光眼病症的恶化,降低致盲率。视盘和视杯的比值是评价青光眼诊断中的重要指标之一,视盘和视杯的分割是青光眼诊断的关键步骤。但眼底彩照中的渗出物、不均匀照明区域等特征使其可能出现相似的亮度区域,导致视盘和视杯的分割非常困难。因此本文对现有眼底彩照中视盘和视杯的分割方法进行了总结,并将其分为5大类：水平集法、模态法、能量泛函法、划分法以及基于机器学习的混合法。系统地梳理了各类算法的代表性方法,以及基本思想、理论基础、关键技术、框架流程和优缺点等。同时,概括了适用于青光眼诊断的各种数据集,包括数据集的名称、来源以及详细内容,并总结了在各种数据集中不同视盘和视杯分割结果和诊断青光眼的量化指标及其相关结果。在现有的视盘和视杯分割方法中,许多图像处理和机器学习技术得到广泛应用。通过对该领域研究算法进行综述,清晰直观地总结了各类算法之间的特点及联系,有助于推动视盘和视杯分割在青光眼疾病临床诊断中的应用。可以在很大程度上提高临床医生的工作效率,为临床诊断青光眼提供了重要的理论研究意义和价值。     

Modeling the steady-state behavior of the Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A FORTRAN computer program capable of calculating the steady-state behavior of the Ca2+ -Mg2+-ATPase pump of skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum under all conditions of reactant and product concentrations is described. The model describes the behavior of the enzyme in terms of occupation of three binding sites: (a) a translocator site which can bind Ca2+, K+, H+, or Mg2+, (b) an ATP/ADP binding site, and (c) a phosphorylation and phosphate binding site. The translocator site can move across the membrane in the Ca2+-laden and K+ + H+-laden form, thereby accomplishing Ca2+ for K+ + H+ countertransport. The rate constants for ion binding and the translocation reactions vary as a function of translocator orientation, ATP and ADP occupancy, phosphorylation, and phosphate binding. Rate constants for the binding and the reactant and product concentrations and association reactions and other transformations between states of the enzyme are entered and the computer program solves for the steady-state concentrations of all states of the enzyme and for the turnover number of the enzyme. The program contains a matrix of differential equations for creation and destruction of all states of the enzyme using the steady-state assumption together with the rule of conservation of the total enzyme. The matrix of equations and states is solved by Gaussian elimination. The program presents the distribution of enzyme states in histogram fashion and is capable of presenting the concentration of a particular state or the rate of turnover as a function of any of the reactant or product concentrations. Three demonstrations of the utility of the program and predictive power of the model are given.     

Open Systems and Consciousness. A Physical Discussion

Further discussion of the author's ideas, as well as their confrontation with similar and different concepts of consciousness, have been given in the Introduction. Then the physical and, in lesser degree, also mathematical aspects of open systems, in particular of human person, are sketched in Sec. 2. The quantum concept of the decoherence time is treated as a model for a finite life-time of any composed physical and biological system. In Sec. 3 the role of languages of many types in living and non-living systems is briefly considered, as well as the importance of modality for sentence predicates. In Sec. 4, the structure of the cerebral neocortex and its speech centers is briefly described from the point of view of the mechanism of thinking and the consciousness. The concepts of laterality and dominance (left or right hemispheres of the brain) and their dependence on the type of culture and education are shown on the example of the differences between the Japanese and Western perception of languages (discoveries of Liberman and Tsunoda). In Secs. 5 and 6 the experimental evidence for the connection of consciousness with the speech centers are presented and some questions are posed.     

基于运动轨迹分析的头部行为识别

提出一种基于人脸运动轨迹分析的头部行为识别方法。对人脸进行检测和全自动跟踪,通过计算人脸运动轨迹参数并进行参数数据统计和分析,实现人体头部行为识别。针对抬头、低头时出现的跟踪框长短轴交换问题,通过引入基于跟踪框长短轴比值的约束条件,对椭圆跟踪盒主轴与纵轴夹角的计算方法进行改进。实验结果证明,该方法的正确识别率较高。     

高速列车弓网故障响应研究

弓网系统是牵引供电系统中重要组成部分,受电弓与接触线之间良好的动态性能是列车平稳受流的重要前提.由于列车速度的提高,弓网间耦合振动加剧,并直接导致弓网故障的发生.基于受电弓及接触网的结构动力学特性,建立了弓网垂向耦合振动系统模型,对弓网系统中受电弓连接件松动、接触线磨损、定位器失效等情况下的接触力响应进行了动力学仿真及分析,初步从动力学角度进行分类,为弓网接触力测控以及故障诊断打下基础.     

基于有线传输光缆的日常维护和技术维护分析与研究

随着生活质量的提高,人们对图像、数据等传输业务的需求量不断扩大,在信息技术快速发展的同时人们开始 要求传输业务的速度和质量。因而在市场需求和技术创新的支持下,光纤传输网得到了全面的发展。与此同时,光缆通信成 为我国通信行业中的关键环节,加强有线传输光缆的日常维护和技术维护成为当务之急。本文通过分析加强有线传输光缆的 日常维护和技术维护的重要性入手,阐述当前日常维护和技术维护的具体工作,探讨当前有线传输光缆的日常维护和技术维 护的问题所在,进一步研究日常维护和技术维护的优化策略。旨在提高有线传输光缆正常运行的安全性、有效性,满足人们对 于数据业务和图像业务的各项需求,最终提高人们的生活质量。     

面向房颤分析的左心房分割方法综述

房颤是一种起源于心房的心脏疾病。据估计全球有超过3 000万人受其影响,虽然通过治疗可以降低患病风险,但房颤通常是隐匿的,很难及时诊断和干预。房颤的诊断方法主要有心脏触诊、光学体积描记术、血压监测振动法、心电图和基于影像的方法。房颤类型主要为阵发性房颤,前4种诊断方法不一定能捕捉到房颤发作,而且诊断周期长、成本高、准确率低及容易受医生的影响。左心房的解剖结构为房颤病理和研究进展提供了重要信息,基于医学影像的房颤分析需要准确分割左心房,通过分割结果计算房颤的临床指标,例如,射血分数、左心房体积、左心房应变及应变率,然后对左心房功能进行定量评估。采用影像的方法得出的诊断结果不易受人为干扰且具有处理大批量患者数据的能力,辅助医生及早发现房颤,对患者进行干预治疗,提高对房颤症状和临床诊断的认识,在临床实践中具有重大意义。本文将已有的分割方法归纳为传统方法、基于深度学习的方法以及传统与深度学习结合的方法。这些方法得到的结果为后续房颤分析提供了依据,但目前的分割方法许多都是半自动的,分割结果不够精确,训练数据集较小且依赖手工标注。本文总结了各种方法的优缺点,归纳了目前已有的公开数据集和房颤分析的临床应用,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

Application of a global model to the study of Arctic basin pollution: radionuclides,heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons

The status of pollution of the Arctic basin is studied in ecological terms, and the interactions of the Arctic ecosystem with the global system are estimated. A spatial simulation model for the kinetics of pollutants in the Arctic basin is proposed in which the ecological and spatial distribution of the hydrological parameters is taken into account. The model includes blocks describing the flows of pollutants in the trophic chains, the exchange between the water–ice system and the atmosphere and the interaction of the water ecosystem with the global biosphere–climate system. A global model controls the inputs of the simulation model and makes it possible to compute the dynamics of the distribution of pollutants between the Arctic aquatories, which include the Central basin and the peripheral seas. The model uses both published data and the data of the US/Russian expedition to Siberia accomplished in the summer of 1995. Climatic and anthropogenic processes are described in the form of scenarios. The results of computer experiments are given demonstrating the advantages of the simulation model to forecast and to estimate the dynamics of radionuclides, heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons in the Arctic Seas. The total and local pictures of the spatial distribution of pollutants in the Arctic basin are given as functions of various environmental and anthropogenic parameters. It is concluded that the use of the global biospheric model enables the consideration of the interactions between the Arctic basin environment and adjoining territories. This allows estimates to be made of the consequences of the anthropogenic impact on the Arctic ecosystem.     

弹库系统弹列运动建模与仿真

弹库系统是向舰炮发射系统补弹、供弹的复杂机电系统。该文以某型弹库系统为例，介绍了弹库系统的组成与功能，弹库系统的建模目标与内容，研究了弹库操控逻辑，弹列运动的基本规律，采用离散系统的分析方法，从弹列的状态描述变量、事件的描述函数和动作的功能函数三个方面，建立了弹列运动的模型，编制了仿真程序，实现了弹库操控与弹列运动基本算法。该仿真系统可用于弹库系统总体设计、弹列运动调度算法研究。     

伦理智能体及其设计:现状和展望

智能体一直是人工智能的主要研究领域之一,任何独立的能够同环境交互并自主决策的实体都可以抽象为智能体.随着人工智能从计算智能到感知智能,再到认知智能的发展,智能体已逐步渗透到无人驾驶、服务机器人、智能家居、智慧医疗、战争武器等人类生活密切相关的领域.这些应用中,智能体与环境、尤其是与人类和社会的交互愈来愈突出,其中的伦理...     

Analytical studies of a cable stayed girder bridge

The paper deals with the linear and nonlinear behavior of a cable stayed girder bridge subjected to static and dynamic conditions of load. Particular reference is given to a bridge designed by the Division of Bay Toll Crossings for the Southern Crossing of San Francisco Bay, California. The loads and displacements considered are symmetrical to a vertical plane which includes the central longitudinal axis of the roadway girder. The orientations of the cables and of the diamond-shaped towers are in three dimensional space and are taken into account.A linear theory and a nonlinear theory are presented for determining the effects of static conditions of loads on the bridge. The linear theory is employed in determining influence lines for various parameters of the bridge, and in determining the maximum effects caused by specified live loads, temperature changes, and differential movements. The influence lines are based on the direct application of Muller-Breslau's principle to structures composed of finite elastic elements. The linear theory also is employed for obtaining the effects of selected cases of live load distributions. Special attention is given to the distributions forces and moments in the towers and the girder, and of the forces in the cables.The nonlinear theory is general and is employed for static and dynamic conditions of load. For static conditions of load, the theory is employed for determining, (1) the camber of the girder and the dimensions of each unstressed segment of the bridge, (2) the displacements, forces, and moments at each section of the bridge for various stages of erection, and (3) the influence of possible overloads of vehicular traffic on the nonlinear behavior of the bridge. The dimensions of the unstressed segments are required for fabrication and to determine camber. The camber is required to insure that all conditions at dead load, prescribed by the designers, are obtained after erection. The other studies of nonlinear behavior are needed to determine possible modes of failure during and after erection.For use in the nonlinear theory, nonlinearforce-deformation relations and tangent stiffnesses are required for the kinds of members encountered in the analytical model. The kinds encountered are (1) axial-flexual members which lie in three dimensional space, and (2) catenaries. For the axial-flexural members, the influences of eccentricities are taken into account.     

基于用户满意度的唐仕女俑气质特征提取及应用

唐代仕女俑体现了中国唐代历史文化的气质与神韵,其造型雍容华贵,被赋予了时 代特有的气息。提取其基于用户满意度的气质特征,进行几何参数化,应用到现代陶瓷产品的设 计中,不仅提升产品的文化内涵,提高市场竞争力,而且有利于对传统文化的传承与创新。首先 选取具有代表性的唐仕女俑,通过感知分析和需求转换理论获得其满足用户期望的气质特征语 义;其次运用几何构成法,对仕女俑的气质特征进行几何参数化;最后应用于陶瓷文化香薰产品 的设计中,验证了研究方法和流程的有效性。     

三螺杆泵寿命试验台测控系统设计

为了测试结构参数和使用参数对三螺杆泵性能和使用寿命的影响,设计研发了全自动化寿命测试试验台。通过分析三螺杆泵常见故障,选定输出流量和泵内压力作为寿命评价指标,制定模拟工况下的多因素试验方案和寿命试验流程,确定本测试系统实现功能。本系统基于PLC控制器,采用伺服电机驱动可实现螺杆泵转速的精确调节,设置电磁阀来调节系统油压,运用外部加热器控制油温,应用iFix组态软件实现测试系统参数设置及流量传感器和压力传感器数据的实时显示及数据的存储。本试验台测控系统实现了在模拟工况下三螺杆泵性能及寿命的测试,性能稳定,测试数据精确,为三螺杆泵故障分析和寿命试验研究提供了软硬件支撑。     

信息安全等级测评师素质模型分析

随着信息安全等级保护工作在全国范围内的开展,信息安全等级测评体系的建设与测评工作已成为开展信息安全等级保护工作的关键环节。测评体系建设和测评工作实施的主体是测评机构和测评人员,等级测评师的岗位素质关系到信息安全等级保护测评工作的有效开展。本文通过文献研究、行为事件访谈法和问卷法等研究方法,建立了拥有4个维度、16个项目的适合信息安全等级测评师的通用素质模型。并对信息安全等级测评师素质模型进行了研究分析,为等级测评机构进行等级测评师的招聘、选拔和培训工作提供了新的理论依据。     

Computer application systems at the university

Variable user needs, as well as the development of various computer systems create new problems of wide-range computer applications at the university.In a research program called WASC Project two goals were predominant, i.e. utilitarian-universal applications of computer science in the university activities and scientific-development of methods making the applications possible.In this research the scope of integrating and distributing of computing power and the solutions to the problem of collaboration of computers systems at remote universities have been outstanding matters.The system approach and system analysis have been used. The uniqueness of solutions and results of research lay mainly in their global character, and in the use of home means and computer science methods. As a result, hardware and software configurations, typical for various sizes and characters of a university, have been implemented. The implementation of interactive engineering design, instruction and access to the scientific program library have given considerable quantitative and qualitative results both in teaching and in the research.Simulation and experimental methods have been used in the design of hardware and software structures. Furthermore the methods contributed to the formulation of a future program of computer science development and its applications at universities in Poland and to the correct choice of strategy for the development of an inter-university computer network.     

区块链+物联网在农产品溯源中的应用研究

近年来,农产品安全问题日益严峻,传统的农产品追溯体系面临公信力缺失、监管困境和扩展性问题,农产品质量安全追溯迫在眉睫。随着区块链技术不断发展,其具有的分布式、去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯等特性在改善农产品溯源系统数据安全性、透明性等方面发挥着重要作用,并受到了各个行业的广泛关注。在简述可追溯性和追溯系统概念的基础上,介绍物联网和区块链技术,并探讨了当前国内外学者将区块链和物联网框架融合应用到农产品溯源中的一些相关研究,同时阐述了溯源系统在物联网与区块链结合下带来的安全、可靠、透明等好处及面临可扩展性、效率问题、资源浪费等挑战,最后对当前农产品溯源体系建设提出建议以及未来的研究方向。     

考虑发电能力匹配性的输变电设备检修优化方法

为保障电网电力供应能力,减少由于发电机组与输变电设备检修计划协调性不足导致的发电受限问题,提出了一种考虑发电能力匹配性的输变电设备检修优化方法。充分考虑发电机组检修及季节性能力变化与输变电设备检修计划间的协调关系,定义了发电能力匹配性指标。该指标取值大小反映了输变电设备检修与发电机组发电能力的匹配关系,数值越大,匹配性越高。以该指标最大化为优化目标,综合考虑输变电设备检修时段、电力电量平衡等约束条件,构建了考虑发电能力匹配性的输变电设备检修优化模型。根据模型特点,提出了求解方法。最后基于IEEE-30节点系统构造算例表明,本文所提出的方法能够避免发电机组检修与输变电设备检修不协调导致的发电能力下降,从而提升电网整体运行效益。     

作战仿真数据体系分析

作战仿真通过模拟作战过程来支持作战研究,作战仿真数据是其基础。作战仿真数据所涵盖的数据量多、面广、粒度细,数据的建设需要按工程化方式进行。分析了作战数据的体系结构和特点,对作战仿真基础数据体系、想定数据体系、过程数据体系以及评估数据体系进行了系统的研究,提出了一种作战仿真数据体系,对数据工程的目标、机制和管理进行了分析。该数据体系可促进建模仿真的标准化,对于构建作战仿真的数据结构体系以及一体化建模仿真环境具有一定的意义。