基于1,8-萘酰亚胺的半胱氨酸荧光探针的合成及在生物成像方面的应用

设计合成了一种用于检测半胱氨酸的新型荧光探针乙二醛(N-羟乙基-1,8-二甲酰亚胺-4-萘基)单腙(NAD),该荧光探针对半胱氨酸表现出较高的灵敏度和选择性.当半胱氨酸加入NAD溶液中,会形成分子内氢键,抑制C■N的异构化,导致荧光增强.此外,探针NAD可应用于细胞内半胱氨酸的检测,表明该类型探针在生物检测应用方面具有较大的潜力.     

基于香豆素-肟的次氯酸根探针的设计、合成及荧光成像应用

通过将香豆素的2-位内酯转化为肟基,设计、合成了一种用于基于香豆素-肟类的次氯酸根荧光探针Cou-HC.Cou-HC不仅对次氯酸根表现出快速和高选择性响应的特点,而且探针氧化后的产物不会与生物硫醇等发生反应,从而可以避免生物硫醇对于次氯酸根响应的干扰.细胞成像实验结果表明,探针可以对RAW 264.7细胞中内源性和外源...     

一种基于菲并咪唑的新型次氯酸荧光探针及细胞成像研究

该文设计并合成了一种基于菲并咪唑的新型次氯酸荧光探针,该探针由商用试剂9,10-菲醌和4-(甲基巯基)苯甲醛通过一步反应生成,只需简单后处理(过滤和水洗)即可得到大量纯品(产率达85%)。由于硫的重原子效应,探针荧光较弱。但在次氯酸存在下,探针分子内的硫原子被氧化成亚砜,重原子效应减弱,同时分子内电荷转移效应(ICT)加强,导致荧光增强。借助高分辨质谱,证明了探针与次氯酸盐的反应机理。在PBS缓冲溶液中(DMF∶H₂O=2∶8,体积比,pH 7.4),探针MPI可定量检测0～100μmol/L范围内的HClO,检出限为0.26μmol/L。该探针对次氯酸具有较高的灵敏性和选择性。更重要的是,MPI具有良好生物相容性和细胞渗透性,可用于活细胞内次氯酸的可视化成像。探针MPI有望为机体内次氯酸的检测与追踪提供一种可靠、有效的方法。     

基于苯并噻唑的次氯酸荧光探针的合成及应用

该文以苯并噻唑衍生物和二氨基马来腈为原料,经醛胺缩合制备了一种高选择性的次氯酸(HClO)荧光探针(HADM)。探针HADM在活性氧和活性氮物种的干扰下能对HClO进行快速特异性识别(反应时间<3 s)且具有良好的pH稳定性,同时可以观察到明显的绿色荧光。在优化条件下,探针的荧光强度与HClO的浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R²=0.9969,检测限为2.64×10^-6 mol/L。红外、核磁、质谱以及荧光光谱研究表明,HClO可氧化探针的HC=N键,生成了醛基化合物,发射绿色的荧光。此外,探针还成功应用于可裸眼识别的HClO试纸和复杂水样的加标回收实验。该探针制备简单、响应快、稳定性及特异性强,可作为实际应用中一种有效的次氯酸检测工具。     

1,8-萘酰亚胺为发色团的Zn2+荧光探针的合成及性能研究

合成了以1,8-萘酰亚胺为发色团,以联吡啶为离子受体的Zn²⁺荧光探针,并进行了表征及离子识别性能的研究。研究表明该化合物对Zn²⁺具有良好的识别性能,同时相对于Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺等金属离子具有良好的选择性。     

基于硝基还原机理的一氧化碳荧光探针的开发及细胞成像研究

一氧化碳(CO)作为一种重要的细胞气体信号传递分子,参与生物体内重要的生理和病理功能.选用经典的荧光平台——萘酰亚胺荧光平台,以硝基基团作为识别位点,通过严谨的设计和两步合成的方法,开发了一种新型用来检测一氧化碳的荧光增强型荧光探针NaLy-CO.光谱测试数据表明,该荧光探针对一氧化碳具有较好的选择性和灵敏度.利用荧光...     

基于1,8-萘酰亚胺的Ag+荧光探针的合成及应用

通过N-丁基-4,5-二氨基-1,8-萘酰亚胺与2-噻吩甲醛缩合,构建了一种基于分子内电荷转移(ICT)的荧光探针NAPH-1(6-氨基-2-丁基-7-((噻吩-2-基亚甲基)氨基)-1H-苯并[de]异喹啉-1,3(2H-二酮)),其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、HRMS和元素分析确证。探究了该探针对Ag⁺选择性、荧光滴定、淬灭常数、检测限等性能。研究结果表明,NAPH-1对Ag⁺呈现出荧光淬灭效应,猝灭常数为2.96×10⁵L·mol^-1。值得关注的是,NAPH-1表现出对Ag⁺较好的选择性和响应性,检测限为0.32μmol·L^-1。水样中测定结果表明,NAPH-1可以作为一种潜在的Ag⁺检测工具。     

一种1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物检测半胱氨酸荧光探针 的合成及其在活细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫中成像中的运用

基于1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物,构建了一种检测半胱氨酸(Cys)的新型荧光探针TPFC-Acryloyl。光谱研究表明该探针能有效识别Cys且能够在1min内实现快速响应。探针对Cys的检测表现出高选择性,检测限为2.13μmol/L。经荧光光谱和质谱实验确证其检测机理为：Cys与TPFC-Acryloyl分子中的丙烯酸酯发生共轭加成-环化反应,进而羟基裸露的同时释放出黄色荧光。细胞毒性测试表明探针TPFC-Acryloyl的细胞毒性低。此外,该探针还被成功应用于活细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫中Cys的荧光成像。     

3-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺全水溶性次氯酸荧光探针及其应用

利用二甲基硫代氨基甲酸酯对次氯酸(HOCl)的特异性和吡啶盐的水溶性,以4-羟基异苯并呋喃-1,3-二酮作为原料,设计合成了一种检测HOCl的全水溶性激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)荧光探针.由于二甲氨基硫代甲酸酯对羟基的保护,探针分子内的ESIPT作用被阻碍,自身无荧光;当加入HOCl时,HOCl氧化二甲氨基硫代甲...     

A New Phenylazo-Based Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Detection of Hypochlorous Acid in Aqueous Solution

In this paper, we designed and synthesized a novel phenylazo-based fluorescent probe (RHN) for the sensing and imaging of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in mitochondria in living cells. In this process, HClO promoted the oxidation of the phenylazo group to generate a free Rhodol fluorophore moiety, which in turn restored strong fluorescence and realized the detection of HClO. As expected, RHN exhibited high selectivity, high sensitivity and rapid response, with detection limits as low as 22 nM (1.155 ng/mL). Importantly, the results of the cell imaging experiments indicated that RHN has the ability to image and sense HClO in mitochondria, which is of great significance for exploration of the specific role of HClO in both the immune system and diseases.     

A Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Detection and Imaging of Mercury Ions in Living Cells

The selective and efficient monitoring of mercury (Hg²⁺) contamination found in the environment and ecosystem has been carried out. Thus, a new 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe NADP for the detection of Hg²⁺ based on a fluorescence enhancement strategy has been designed and synthesized. The NADP probe can detect Hg²⁺ with high selectivity and sensitivity and a low detection limit of 13 nm . The detection mechanism was based on a Hg²⁺-triggered deprotection reaction, resulting in a dramatic change in fluorescence from colorless to green at physiological pH. Most importantly, biological investigation has shown that the NADP probe can be successfully applied to the monitoring of Hg²⁺ in living cells and zebrafish with low cytotoxicity.     

一种基于萘酰亚胺的检测细胞内pH值的荧光探针及其生物成像应用

细胞内溶酶体的pH值对细胞自噬、吞噬、酶加工等各项生命活动有着重要影响.细胞核是真核细胞中最大的细胞器,控制着生物体内的遗传和代谢过程,参与代谢过程的酶对pH值的变化很敏感.因此,研究细胞体内的pH值变化至关重要.我们设计并以简单的两步反应合成了一种新型荧光探针NpH-1.该探针以萘酰亚胺作为荧光团,以吗啉基团作为对p...     

A Hydroxytricyanopyrrole-Based Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hypochlorous Acid

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive substance that reacts with most biomolecules and is essential in physiological and pathological processes. Abnormally elevated HOCl levels may cause inflammation and other disease responses. To further understand its key role in inflammation, HOCl must be detected in situ. Here, we designed a hydroxytricyanopyrrole-based small-molecule fluorescent probe (HTCP-NTC) to monitor and identify trace amounts of HOCl in biological systems. In the presence of HOCl, HTCP-NTC released hydroxyl groups that emit strong fluorescence covering a wide wavelength range from the visible to near-infrared region owing to the resumption of the intramolecular charge transfer process. Additionally, HTCP-NTC demonstrated a 202-fold fluorescence enhancement accompanied by a large Stokes shift and a low detection limit (21.7 nM). Furthermore, HTCP-NTC provided a rapid response to HOCl within 18 s, allowing real-time monitoring of intracellular HOCl. HTCP-NTC exhibited rapid kinetics and biocompatibility, allowing effective monitoring of the exogenous and endogenous HOCl fluctuations in living cells. Finally, based on fluorescence imaging, HTCP-NTC is a potential method for understanding the relationship between inflammation and HOCl.     

Selective Detection and Visualization of Exogenous/endogenous Hypochlorous Acid in Living Cells using a BODIPY‐based Red‐emitting Fluorescent Probe

Herein, a red‐emitting fluorescent probe DM‐BDP‐OCl containing a para‐DMTC benzyl pyridinium moiety at the meso position of BODIPY as self‐immolative portion for the detection of HOCl was designed and synthesized. DM‐BDP‐OCl exhibited excellent specificity and a fast response for HOCl beyond other ROS/RNS. It was used for the accurately measurable detection of HOCl with a linear range from 0 μM to 50 μM, and the detection limit for HOCl reached 60 nM. Moreover, the probe could directly monitor fluctuations of exogenous and endogenous HOCl in living HeLa and RAW 264.7 cells. This work provided a powerful and convenient imaging tool for probing pathological and physiological actions of HOCl.     

Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid by Fluorescence and Applications in Biological Systems

In recent decades, HOCl research has attracted a lot of scientists from around the world. This chemical species is well known as an important player in the biological systems of eukaryotic organisms including humans. In the human body, HOCl is produced by the myeloperoxidase enzyme from superoxide in very low concentrations (20 to 400 μm ); this species is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes to help fight pathogens. However, in the condition called “oxidative stress”, HOCl has the capability to attack many important biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids; these reactions could ultimately contribute to a number of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (AD, PD, and ALS), cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. In this review, we discuss recent efforts by scientists to synthesize various fluorophores which are attached to receptors to detect HOCl such as: chalcogen‐based oxidation, oxidation of 4‐methoxyphenol, oxime/imine, lactone ring opening, and hydrazine. These synthetic molecules, involving rational synthetic pathways, allow us to chemoselectively target HOCl and to study the level of HOCl selectivity through emission responses. Virtually all the reports here deal with well‐defined and small synthetic molecular systems. A large number of published compounds have been reported over the past years; this growing field has given scientists new insights regarding the design of the chemosensors. Reversibility, for example is considered important from the stand point of chemosensor reuse within the biological system; facile regenerability using secondary analytes to obtain the initial probe is a very promising avenue. Another aspect which is also important is the energy of the emission wavelength of the sensor; near‐infrared (NIR) emission is favorable to prevent autofluorescence and harmful irradiation of tissue; thus, extended applicability of such sensors can be made to the mouse model or animal model to help image internal organs. In this review, we describe several well‐known types of receptors that are covalently attached to the fluorophore to detect HOCl. We also discuss the common fluorophores which are used by chemist to detect HOCl, Apart from the chemical aspects, we also discuss the capabilities of the compounds to detect HOCl in living cells as measured through confocal imaging. The growing insight from HOCl probing suggests that there is still much room for improvement regarding the available molecular designs, knowledge of interplay between analytes, biological applicability, biological targeting, and chemical switching, which can also serve to further sensor and theurapeutic agent development alike.     

一种基于苯并噻唑的新型过氧亚硝酸盐荧光探针的合成及应用

该文以2-(2′-羟基-3′-醛基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并噻唑和1,1-二甲基肼为原料,通过一步缩合,简单过滤处理得到一种基于苯并噻唑的新型ONOO^-荧光探针BD。但由于N—N单键旋转产生非辐射能量损失,探针BD荧光较弱。在引入ONOO^-后,探针BD上的腙水解成醛基,N—N单键脱落,荧光增强,同时可观察到明显的颜色变化。在PBS缓冲溶液(DMSO∶H₂O=2∶8,体积比,pH 7.4)中,探针BD对ONOO^-具有快速响应(25 s)、高灵敏度(7 nmol/L)和高选择性的特点,可在较宽pH值范围内工作。此外,探针BD还成功地用于肝癌细胞中ONOO^-的荧光成像,因此,可作为揭示ONOO^-在细胞中作用的一个很有潜力的分析工具。     

一种基于协同效应的肼荧光探针及其在细胞成像中的应用

开发了一种基于协同效应的新型肼荧光探针.通过在发色团上引入两种不同的识别位点,双识别位点的协同效应使得该探针对肼具有良好的专一性和灵敏度,检测限可达0.05~10.0μmol·L^-1.此外,该探针还可用于细胞(Bt-474)中肼的检测.     

Synthesis of Folate Conjugated Fluorescent Nanoparticle Probe and Its Application in Cervical Cancer Cell Imaging

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide with 80% of cases arising in the developing world, following cancer of the breast. The mortality associated with cervical cancer can be reduced if this disease is detected in a timely fashion. In this study, a folate conjugated fluorescent nanoparticle (FCFN) probe was used to detect cervical cancer cells. Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNs), with excellent characteristics such as nontoxicity and photostability, were first synthesized with a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly modified St?ber synthesis method and then successfully modified with folate. This kind of fluorescence probe based on FCFNs has been used to detect cervical cancer cells with fluorescence microscopy imaging technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the FCFNs can effectively recognize cervical cancer cells and exhibit good sensitivity and exceptional photostability; they would provide a novel way for the diagnosis and curative effect observation of cervical cancer cells and offer a new method in detecting folate receptors (FR).