可穿戴电容耦合式电极在载人航天心电检测中的应用

目的研究可穿戴的小尺寸电容耦合式电极在载人航天中的应用问题。方法针对电极尺寸减小对信号幅值和噪声带来的影响,在系统设计中采用动态驱动屏蔽的电极结构、噪声性能优良的阻抗转换放大器等措施提高信噪比,并采用小波阈值滤波算法去噪。结果相比直径4 cm电极,直径2 cm电容耦合式电极采集的信号幅值减小,但心电信号P波、QRS波、T波均得到完整检测,并在降低界面噪声方面具有一定的优势。小波阈值滤波有效消除噪声。结论本文所设计的使用小尺寸电容耦合式电极的心电检测系统实现了隔着衣服对心电信号的非接触式检测,信号波形清晰完整,可以满足航天医学监护要求。     

双路同步阻抗容积图测量仪的研制

我们研制了一种多用途的阻抗容积图测量仪,该测量仪由二路阻抗测量放大器,一路心电放大器和计算机及打印机组成,阻抗测量放大器可以单独使用,也可以二路同步测量,测量时,根据不同的目的,可以用二电极法测量,也可以用四电极法测量,测量的软件采用人机对话的菜单形式画面,能实时采集和显示波形及主要参数,并有报警设置功能及较好的数据分析,打印等功能,硬件系统还采用了浮地隔离技术,使仪器使用安全可靠。该仪器可以应用于脑功能,心功能等方面的临床监护和有关的医学科研工作。     

一种基于阻变织物电极的穿戴式心电信号采集电路设计及应用

目的针对传统Ag/AgCl胶状电极在长期心电监护中的问题,结合可穿戴式健康监测技术的发展,设计了一种基于阻变织物电极的心电信号采集电路,研制了穿戴式心电信号采集设备。方法设计一种阻变织物电极,并实现阻变织物电极与衣服的集成,降低了传统织物电极高的接触阻抗;简化心电信号采集电路,实现低功耗、小型化。结果穿戴式心电信号采集设备能够采集到完整的心电波形;与多参数监护仪进行心电信号采集对比分析,验证织物电极采集效果。结论基于阻变织物电极的心电信号采集方案可行。     

基于脉冲位置调制方式的经皮双向无线通信系统

目的 研究用于植入式医疗仪器的基于脉冲位置调制(PPM)方式的经皮无线双向通信解决方案.方法 系统由植入体内的医疗仪器通信电路,体外应用程控器和掌上电脑PDA组成,植入体内的医疗仪器通信电路和程控器间的无线双向通信采用PPM脉冲调制方式.结果 实现了植入体内的医疗仪器通信电路(钛壳封闭)和体外程控器间2英寸以上的无线通信距离,同时位置容差性较好.结论 将PPM调制方式成功地应用于经皮无线通信系统,与ASK等调制方式相比,降低了植入体内的医疗仪器通信电路的功耗,通过天线共用设计减小了植入体内的医疗仪器通信电路体积.     

基于小型电极的新型阻抗血流图测量系统的研究

目的 研制基于小型一体化生物电阻抗电极的用于多部位阻抗血流图检测的仪器,用于检测手腕、颈、脑等多部位阻抗血流图和评价运动负荷状态下组织中阻抗血流图的变化。方法 采用高共模抑制比的差动放大器和相关检测原理对小型电极提取的微弱信号进行处理,设计相应的电路,提高信噪比,实现阻抗血流小型传感器微弱信号的检测。结果 经过实验验证,该仪器能够提取手腕、颈、脑等部位的阻抗血流信号,应用相干检测技术得到了很高的信噪比,测量方便,可以进行连续监测。结论 该仪器能够检测人体不同部位阻抗血流信号的搏动分量和非搏动性的直流分量,更好地评价局部血液循环状况,并且有望对运动负荷状态下的阻抗血流动力学参数作出评价。     

多参数监护仪测量原理及使用

目前,临床上对监护仪的使用十分普遍,其优点是能够对病人的状况和生理参数进行连续的监护,检测各参数的变化趋势,指出临危情况,供医生做出应急处理和进行治疗的依据,使并发症减到最小,最后达到减缓病情并消除疾病的目的。各参数的准确性将直接影响着治疗方案,而且各参数值与我们的正常使用及各参数的测量电路有直接关系,测量电路是根据各参数的测量原理来设计的,掌握各参数的测量原理对我们在检修仪器时有很大的帮助,为此,将一般参数的测量原理介绍如下。１ 心电检测 监护系统一般有３大部分组成,信号检测部分、信号处理部分、…     

动态心电图检查中电极致皮肤不适的探讨

目的:探讨减少动态心电图检查中一次性使用心电电极所致的皮肤不良反应的方法.方法:选择需要做动态心电图检查患者386例,均使用同一型号一次性心电电极粘贴于前胸指定部位,以患者左侧前胸为观察组,粘贴预先处理过的一次性心电电极,右胸侧前胸为对照组,粘贴未经处理的一次性心电电极,24 h检查结束后,取下粘贴于患者前胸皮肤的一次性心电电极,观察并记录左右前胸各三个电极粘贴处皮肤出现发红、发痒、皮疹、表皮破损不良反应的情况.结果:观察组皮肤出现不良反应发生率10.9％,对照组出现不良反应发生率21％,两者比较皮肤不良反应发生率经x2检验有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:采用预处理后的一次性心电电极用于动态心电图检查时,减少患者皮肤不良反应,使患者更容易接受.     

XD-685电解质分析仪维护保养及常见故障处理

XD - 685型电解质分析仪是上海迅达公司生产的具有全中文菜单显示的钾、钠、氯、钙分析仪,该仪器是一种测量快速,操作简便,由微机控制的临床电解质分析仪,它. 采用先进的离子选择性电极测量技术. 主要用于临床电解质的分析.由于其检测方便、快捷、准确,电极使用寿命长,被很多基层医院广泛使用.自2005 - 05使用XD - 685型电解质分析仪,仅在2008 - 10更换了1次电极,仪器使用状态良好.现将此台仪器的维护保养及常见故障处理总结如下.     

基于嵌入式微机的便携心电监护仪设计

目的 研制一种实用的低功耗嵌入式便携心电监护仪。方法 以嵌入式微处理器RCA-CDP1802为核心。设计了硬件系统和控制软件,并嵌入了心电波形特征提取算法、心电数据压缩算法、心律失常分析算法,在硬件和软件设计时均考虑了降低功耗。结果 该仪器功耗低,体积小,重量轻,智能化程度高。它能连续48h实时监护患者的心电信号,实时分析10余种心律失常并存贮心律失常时的压缩心电数据。在需要时可将存贮的心电数据于串行接口输出供医生回顾分析。结论 该监护仪达到设计要求,实用性高。     

DSI-907总CO2分析仪的应用评价

电极法测量血浆/清总CO2是继电解质、血气分析仪等仪器之后,离子选择电极在临床检验中的一个新应用.现今的CO2分析仪采用比较法来测量样品中总CO2浓度、参比电极多为Ag/Agcl电极;部分仪器电极膜为硅橡胶膜,DSI-907总CO2分析仪用中性载体聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜制成指示电极.为更好地掌握该仪器性能,推广电极法的临床应用,特对此仪器做一综合评价.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.