超细CaCO3改性SBS材料的力学及耐老化性能研究

利用硅烷偶联剂对超细CaCO3进行改性,通过直接共混的方法制备了超细CaCO3/SBS复合材料,采用多种技术手段研究了复合材料的力学性能、加工性能及耐老化性能变化。结果表明,改性后超细CaCO3在SBS体系中能形成网状结构,材料的拉伸性能、硬度及耐老化性能提高。当超细CaCO3含量为25%时,能获得综合性能优异的超细Ca-CO3/SBS复合材料。     

超细CaCO3填充SBS的性能研究

采用双辊开炼机和平板高压制样的方法制备了超细CaCO2/SBS复合材料,采用SEM、DSC和TG对复合材料的断面形貌和热性能进行了分析,同时,对复合材料的力学性能进行了考察.结果表明,表面处理的超细CaCO3在SBS体系中与弹性体充分结合,断面产生了大量的网状结构,进一步提高了材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和热稳定性,硬度增加幅度较小.     

碳酸钙的偶联剂改性及对SBS力学性能的影响

为进一步改善超细CaCO3的表面活性,利用γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对超细CaCO3进行表面改性,采用密炼工艺制备了超细CaCO3/热塑性丁苯橡胶(SBS)复合材料.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、接触角测定仪(CAMI)和粒径分析等研究了改性前后超细CaCO3的结构变化,采用橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对改性前后超细CaCO3的复合材料的力学性能和微观形貌进行了测试分析.结果表明:硅烷偶联剂KH-550与超细CaCO3粉体间能形成化学结合,修饰后的超细Ca-CO3能有效阻止颗粒间团聚,并均匀分散在橡胶胶体中,与胶体间形成物理和化学交联结构;改性后超细Ca-CO3在SBS体系中能形成网状结构,材料力学性能明显提高;当活化超细CaCO3的质量分数为20%时,能获得性能优异的复合材料.     

CaCO3/PP复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂对CaCO3粒子进行表面处理,通过双辊熔融共混和硫化压机压片技术制备了CaCO3/PP复合材料;测试了其拉伸强度、冲击强度和硬度,探讨了偶联剂用量和CaCO3添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响.研究表明,添加CaCO3粒子能有效提高PP材料的力学性能,且经偶联剂表面处理后的CaCO3粒子对改善PP的力学性能效果更佳,当采用2%钛酸酯偶联剂表面处理后的CaCO3粒子添加量为4%时,CaCO3/PP复合材料综合力学性能最好.     

表面改性对PVC/稻糠发泡复合材料的影响

研究了纳米CaCO3、硅烷偶联剂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)改性稻糠对PVC/稻糠发泡复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:纳米CaCO3能改善稻糠的耐热性,用硅烷偶联剂处理稻糠的发泡复合材料冲击性能好于用MMA微波处理稻糠发泡复合材料;而用MMA微波处理稻糠的发泡复合材料在拉伸性能、弯弹性模量及加工性能优于硅烷偶联剂处理的稻糠发泡复合材料.     

PVC/CPE/CaCO_3复合材料的力学性能

以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体,采用熔融共混法制备了PVC/氯化聚乙烯（CPE）合金和PVC/CPE（12 phr）/碳酸钙（CaCO3）三元复合材料,考察了CaCO3表面改性及改性剂含量对复合材料拉伸与冲击力学性能的影响。结果表明,填充CaCO3会降低复合材料拉伸屈服强度与冲击韧性。对微米CaCO3进行表面改性,可有效限...     

聚丙烯/甘氨酸改性碳酸钙复合材料的研究

采用含有-NH2和-COO-双功能团的甘氨酸作为改性荆制备出甘氨酸复合球文石碳酸钙(CaCO3),并利用XRD及FTIR对其结构进行了表征.熔融共混制备了聚丙烯/甘氨酸改性碳酸钙(PP/CaCO3-Gly)和PP/CaCO3两种复合材料,并对其拉伸性能及流动性能进行了研究.结果表明,PP/CaCO3-Gly复合材料在流动性能、拉伸强度、弯曲强度等性能方面均高于PP/CaCO3复合材料.     

重晶石/橡胶复合材料的力学性能研究

采用不同偶联剂对重晶石表面活化改性,通过直接共混法制备重晶石/橡胶(NR)复合材料。研究了不同偶联剂改性重晶石后复合材料的拉伸性能、硬度、耐磨性能变化规律。结果表明:当活化重晶石含量在20%～30%时,能获得拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及耐磨性能优异的复合材料。硬脂酸改性后重晶石与橡胶复合材料的拉伸性能、硬度及耐磨性最佳。活化后重晶石具有优异的补强效果及理想的加工特性,可替代炭黑实现其在橡胶中的应用。     

前沿聚合法制备聚双环戊二烯/纳米碳酸钙复合材料

采用纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)粒子作为填充剂,运用前沿聚合法合成聚双环戊二烯(PDCPD)。研究了复合材料的微观形貌、热性能及力学性能。微观形貌观察发现,CaCO3粒子以纳米尺寸均匀地分散在PDCPD基体中,并具有良好的结合界面;由热失重分析可知,加入一定量的nano-CaCO3粒子有利于改善复合材料的热稳定性;随着纳米粒子含量的增加,复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度及硬度都有不同程度的提高,而断裂伸长率则逐渐下降;拉伸曲线表明,复合材料属于典型的刚而韧的材料。     

WCB/HNBR/NBR耐热密封复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过直接共混法制备了白炭黑/氢化丁腈橡胶/丁腈橡胶(WCB/HNBR/NBR)耐热密封复合材料,研究了不同HNBR/NBR共混比、不同硫化体系对复合材料力学性能、压缩永久变形、耐油性能、耐热性能的影响。结果表明,当WCB/HNBR/NBR为30/25/75,在过氧化物/硫磺的共硫化体系下,复合材料综合性能最好,硬度、拉伸强度、压缩永久变形、150℃热空气老化后拉伸强度、浸油后体积变化率分别为58(邵A)、20.97MPa、12%、6.92MPa、11%;随着HNBR用量的增加,复合材料的耐热性能提高,而耐油性和压缩永久变形变化不大;在过氧化物/硫磺的共硫化体系下,复合材料的耐热性、耐油性、压缩永久变形、力学性能都较优异。     

MAH改性方法对淀粉/聚乳酸界面相容性的影响

以玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,马来酸酐(MAH)为改性剂,通过熔融挤出法制备淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了MAH分别作为增容剂和淀粉酯化剂这两种改性方法对淀粉/PLA相容性的影响,并对复合材料的熔融加工性能、力学性能和耐水性能进行了测试。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)结果都证明,MAH与原淀粉先进行干法酯化改性再与PLA复配制得酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料,比MAH作为增容剂直接添加制得原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料具有更好的界面相容性。受界面相容性提高程度的影响,酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料的熔融加工性能、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率和耐水性能都优于原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料。     

CPR/NR和高性能填料对复合摩擦材料力学性能的影响

通过干法热压成型工艺制备性能优异的复合摩擦材料,研究了高性能填料以及改性酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶质量比(CPR/NR)对复合摩擦材料性能的影响规律。对材料的摩擦磨损性能与力学性能进行了测试,借助热分析仪测试其耐热性能,并利用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜对表面形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,复合摩擦材料的密度、压缩强度、压缩模量、硬度随橡胶含量的减少而增加,冲击强度则呈相反的趋势。橡胶含量的减少,树脂比例的增加,使复合摩擦材料的耐热性得到提高,促进了第二接触面的形成,使摩擦系数与磨损率降低。高性能填料含量较低时,材料表面形成大且连续的第二接触面,第二接触面使摩擦系数、比磨损率降低,复合摩擦材料的主要磨损形式为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损;填料含量的增加会阻碍第二接触面的形成,使材料摩擦系数和比磨损率逐渐增大,材料的磨损形式由粘着磨损、磨粒磨损转变为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

白炭黑的功能化改性及其改性橡胶基复合材料的制备与表征

利用沉淀法白炭黑生产工艺,在相同的条件下,选用不同质量分数的羟基羧酸酯作为改性剂进行湿法改性,研究了白炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)复合橡胶的力学性能、动态性能以及动态生热性能。结果表明:制备的白炭黑均为非晶态白炭黑,采用质量分数为6%的羟基羧酸酯改性的白炭黑,其分散性好,颗粒分布均匀,呈近球状,经羟基羧酸酯改性后的白炭黑有效的去除了部分亲水基团,改善了其在NR中的分散性。随着白炭黑用量的增加,分散性变差,损耗因子和动态温升均有所提高,Payne效应增大。当白炭黑用量达到临界值(白炭黑与NR质量比为40∶100)时,白炭黑/NR复合材料表现出较好的性能,改性白炭黑/NR复合材料比未改性白炭黑/NR复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率有所提高,而磨耗体积和动态生热则有所下降。动态力学性能测试结果表明,改性白炭黑与天然橡胶的质量比为40∶100时,改性白炭黑/NR复合材料的60℃滚动阻力损耗因子由0.123降到0.104。SEM结果表明,改性白炭黑在橡胶基体中的分散性优于未改性白炭黑,与NR基体界面结合的更加紧密。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖协同碳酸钙增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备

目的 拟在利用天然可降解高分子替代部分聚丙烯(PP)制备一种新型复合材料。方法 采用聚丙烯作为复合材料的基质,向基质中加入魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)、碳酸钙(CaCO3),并按照一定比例通过桌面挤出机混溶挤出制粒,再将半成品颗粒利用注塑机注塑成型制备成PP/KGM/CaCO3复合材料,同时探究KGM、CaCO3对PP/KGM/CaCO3复合材料的冲击性能和拉伸性能的影响。结果通过单因素实验可知,当KGM体积分数为10%、CaCO3体积分数为5%时,PP/KGM/CaCO3复合材料的力学性能最优。结论 该复合材料相互融合程度较好,抗冲击和伸强度较高,安全系数较好,可应用于食品包装和生活用品行业领域。本研究可为KGM的资源化利用提供一定的参考依据。     

SiC含量对SiCw/Cu复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

为了研究SiCw/Cu复合材料的制备工艺、形成机理,进一步研究SiC含量对材料的组织结构、力学性能的影响.采用热压法和热等静压法制备了不同SiCw含量的SiCw/Cu复合材料,并对复合材料的致密度、显微组织和物相组成、维氏硬度、拉伸和压缩性能进行了研究,对拉伸断口进行分析.结果表明:SiCw有效阻碍Cu基体晶粒的长大,随着SiCw含量的增加,热压制备的SiCw/Cu复合材料的致密度、断后伸长率、拉伸屈服强度下降,而气孔率、维氏硬度与压缩屈服强度显著增加,抗拉强度先增加后降低.热压制备得到的1wt%SiCw/Cu复合材料,具有相对最优的综合力学性能:抗拉强度为156.9 MPa,拉伸屈服强度为112.5 MPa.采用热等静压法制备的3wt%SiCw/Cu复合材料,各方面性能都要优于相同组分的热压材料,抗拉强度达到175.6 Mpa,拉伸屈服强度达到123.2 MPa,维氏硬度达到101.8 HV.复合材料的强度是SiCw的增强作用与孔隙的弱化作用共同作用的结果,SiCw/Cu复合材料的断裂行为既表现出一定的韧性特征,又表现出一定的脆性特征.     

Post-fire mechanical properties of marine polymer composites

Changes to the tensile and flexure properties of marine-grade glass-reinforced polyester, vinyl ester and resole phenolic composites after exposure to radiant heat are investigated. The properties were determined at room temperature after the composites had been exposed to heat fluxes of 25–100 kW/m² for 325 s or to a heat flux of 50 kW/m² for increasing times up to 1800 s. The stiffness and failure load of all three composites decreased rapidly with increasing heat flux or time due mainly to the thermal degradation of the resin matrix. The post-fire tension and flexure properties of the resole phenolic composite were similar to the properties of the other composites, despite its superior fire resistance. Models are presented for determining the post-fire mechanical properties of fire-damaged composites, and are used to estimate the reductions in failure load of composite ship materials caused by fire.     

Studies on the development of aluminium alloy–mild steel reinforced composite

With a view to developing a new metal–metal cast composite material as a possible substitute for ferrous materials in wear resistant applications, Al alloy (LM11) is reinforced with mild steel (ms) wires and it is heat treated to get ‘reaction interface’ (RI). Microhardness, tensile properties and wear characteristics of the matrix, as-cast and heat treated composites have been determined. While microhardness of the composite showed variation from 150 to 45 VHN across the interface in the as-cast composite, annealed (500–525°C) composite showed a microhardness of 350–420 VHN at the interface indicating the effectiveness of the heat treatment. It is seen that the % improvement in wear resistance increased with increase in number of wires when embedded in the aluminium alloy matrix. Further imrpovement of about 30% was observed when heat treated at 500°C for 15 h. These results have been discussed in terms of wetting between ms wires and the matrix, particularly the increase of hardness and tensile strength to the formation of ‘reaction interface’ due to annealing. The width of the interface increased with annealing time and temperature and the kinetics of reaction followed logarithmic and parabolic growth rate. The activation energy for the formation of intermetallics constituting the reaction interface is found to be 20.7 KJ mol⁻¹. From the measured hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the constituents and composites an empirical relation was deduced.     

聚丙烯/CaCO_3复合材料组织性能分析

为了拓展聚丙烯材料的应用,在对CaCO3粉体进行表面偶联处理后,混入聚丙烯中,制成聚丙烯/CaCO3复合材料。通过透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜、电子万能试验机等仪器设备研究了样品的显微组织及其力学性能。结果表明:CaCO3粉体有异相成核剂的作用,使球晶尺寸变小,结晶度有所提高,在聚丙烯基体中产生明显的增强增韧效果。经改性后的聚丙烯/CaCO3复合材料显微组织得到改善,力学性能有所提高。     

Properties of squeeze cast Mg-10Al-Mn alloy and its alumina short fibre composites

Magnesium alloys are very suitable for applications that require materials with high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the use of magnesium alloys is limited due to their low elevated temperature properties. Magnesium matrix composites are the possible alternatives. The present work involved the production and subsequent property evaluation of AM100 magnesium alloy and its alumina short fibre reinforced composites. Studies on microstructure, hardness, density, stiffness, tensile properties, impact strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were carried out. Results indicate the significant improvement in the properties achieved by making composites. The findings also highlight the dominant roles of the base alloy matrix and the fibre volume fraction in determining the above properties.     

Development of coir pith/nylon fabric/epoxy hybrid composites: Mechanical and ageing studies

The coir pith epoxy composites were hybridized with nylon fabric/epoxy resin by hand lay up technique followed by compression moulding. A set of composites of same composition having chemically treated coir pith was also prepared. Mechanical properties of composites such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness were evaluated. Though coir pith acts as a good reinforcement in epoxy resin, the incorporation of nylon fabric and the chemical treatment of coir pith were found to enhance the properties of the composites further. Chemical resistance and flame resistance of composite systems were also found to be improved with hybrid composites. Since water uptake and retentions property of coir pith is a major drawback when it comes to its application in composites, the ageing of composite panels in moist environment was investigated. The results suggested that the presence of nylon fabric and chemically treated pith can contribute to longer durability of the panels in moist conditions.