2型糖尿病患者抑郁焦虑的相关研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病的情绪及其影响因素,为临床治疗提供理论依据.方法 对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者80例(包括无并发症及有并发症患者各40例)及健康对照40例分别进行一般情况问卷、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、自尊量表(SES)、生活事件量表(LES),评定.结果 2型糖尿病伴有明显抑郁、焦虑情绪,且并发症组高于无并发症组(P＜0.01);2型糖尿病患者经历更多的负性生活事件;并发症组积极应对方式评分低于无并发症组及健康对照组(P＜ 0.01、0.05);并发症组N、L分高于无并发症组及健康对照组(P＜ 0.01、0.05); T2DM患者SES评分低于健康对照组,并发症组更低(P＜0.01);2型糖尿病患者的负性生活事件、N分与HAMD、HAMA评分呈显著正相关(P＜0.01);积极应对方式、SES评分与HAMD、HAMA呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).结论 T2DM患者抑郁、焦虑情绪的发生率比较高,尤其是合并有慢性并发症者;T2DM患者抑郁、焦虑情绪与生活事件,尤其负性生活事件相关;与患者病前具有情绪不稳定的个性特征、对于支持的利用度及自尊程度均有关.     

中专生抑郁和焦虑状况及相关因素研究

目的考察中专新生抑郁、焦虑的现状，以及应付效能、躯体症状、早期记快等因素与抑郁、焦虑的关系。方法采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、生活事件量表、应付效能等量表对苏州市电脑学校98名学生进行问卷调查。结果有部分被试存在较明显的抑郁和焦虑症状。应付效能、一般效能与抑郁、焦虑呈负相关，应激、躯体症状、早期记忆与抑郁、焦虑呈正相关。应付效能、早期记忆、躯体症状、应激是预测抑郁、焦虑的重要因素。结论中专生的抑郁、焦虑与应付效能、早期记忆、躯体症状及应激等因素有关，为心理咨询提供了依据。     

Examination of neighborhood disadvantage and sleep in a multi-ethnic cohort of adolescents

PurposeNeighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and lower individual-level socioeconomic status are associated with poorer sleep health in adults. However, few studies have examined the association between neighborhood-level disadvantage and sleep in adolescents, a population at high-risk for sleep disturbances.MethodsThe current study is the first to examine how objective (i.e. via census tract-level data) and subjective measures of neighborhood disadvantage are associated with sleep in a racially/ ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 2493 youth [Non-Hispanic White (20%), Hispanic (46%), Asian (21%), and Multiracial/ Other (13%)].ResultsFindings indicated that greater perceived neighborhood-level social cohesion and lower neighborhood-level poverty were associated with better sleep outcomes in adolescents. However, there was some evidence that the magnitude of the associations differed according to family-level socioeconomic status and race/ ethnicity.ConclusionsFindings suggest that subjective and objective neighborhood characteristics may affect the sleep health of older adolescents, with certain demographic subgroups being particularly vulnerable.     

伊犁州接受抗病毒治疗艾滋病病人抑郁和焦虑状况及其影响因素

目的 调查了解正在伊犁州乡级艾滋病治疗机构接受抗病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy,ART）的艾滋病病人的抑郁、焦虑症状状况并分析探讨与之相关的因素。方法 本研究以伊犁州为研究现场,通过问卷调查和查询艾滋病综合防治信息系统采集相关信息。结果 在412例研究对象中,抑郁症状和焦虑症状的检出率分别为20.6%和14.3%。结果显示,正确掌握ART知识、ART依从性良好和民间聚会活动的调查对象出现抑郁症状的危险性降低,参加恰依活动可降低抑郁症状的危险性,离异/分居/丧偶的调查对象更易出现抑郁症状;无业者和有吸烟行为者更易出现焦虑症状。结论 改善艾滋病患者的社会家庭支持和心理健康服务有助于提高艾滋病病人的心理健康状况。     

孕期心理干预对产前焦虑和抑郁情绪的影响

目的:调查孕期焦虑和抑郁的发生率,评估产前心理干预的效果。方法:2005年3月～2006年2月在中国福利会国际和平妇幼保健院产科登记分娩的孕16～20周的孕妇800名,随机分为心理干预组386名和对照组414名。从入组至分娩用HAD量表共进行6次评估。结果:孕期焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为7.3%和8.5%,干预组产前焦虑的发生率明显低于对照组,孕晚期干预者孕期抑郁的发生率显著低于对照组。结论:产前集体心理干预能显著减少孕期焦虑的发生,孕晚期心理干预能显著减少孕期抑郁的发生。     

医科大学生抑郁和焦虑情绪调查

目的调查分析医科大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪状态及其相关的心理社会因素。方法分层整群抽取某医科学校509名本科生进行抑郁、焦虑情绪的流行特征及其相关因素的调查分析。结果医科大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪检出率为22．40％、9．03％。不同年级学生在SDS、SAS得分差异具有显著意义，抑郁、焦虑情绪与医科大学生的对专业满意程度和就业前景评价有高度相关性。结论对医科大学生采取有针对性的健康教育措施，倡导应用积极的应对方式，提高适应环境能力，改善心理素质，以防止或降低其抑郁、焦虑情绪的发生。     

医学生新型冠状病毒暴露与抑郁焦虑及社会支持的关系

目的了解新型冠状病毒(简称"新冠病毒")疫情期间中国医学生社会支持状况以及新冠病毒暴露与抑郁、焦虑之间的关系,为医学生心理健康干预工作提供参考。方法采取方便取样方法,选取我国32个省、自治区、直辖市(缺香港、澳门)的本科医学生为研究对象5 593名在校医学生为研究对象,采用社会支持评定量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑量表进行调查。结果社会支持得分男生低于女生(t=-4.36,P<0.05),大三大四年级学生低于其他年级学生(F=4.84,P<0.05)。新冠病毒暴露与抑郁、焦虑均呈正相关(r值分别为0.05,0.06,P值均<0.01),新冠病毒暴露、抑郁、焦虑与社会支持均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.05,-0.25,-0.19,P值均<0.01)。控制性别、年级的影响后,社会支持在新冠病毒暴露与抑郁关联中的中介效应占总效应的26.6%,主观支持、支持利用度中介效应占比分别为32.3%,25.7%;社会支持在新冠病毒暴露与焦虑关联中的中介效应占总效应的20.0%,主观支持、支持利用度中介效应占比分别为15.9%,12.2%。结论社会支持在新冠病毒暴露与抑郁、...     

Perceived neighborhood social cohesion moderates the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms

There is a dearth of research exploring the moderating role of the social environment on neighborhood structural disadvantage and depressive symptoms, particularly among adolescents. Therefore, we examined if adolescent perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion and safety moderated the association between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The study sample consisted of 12,105 adolescents enrolled in 9th–12th grades during the 1994–1995 school year across the United States (U.S.). Mixed effects multilevel modeling was used to determine if adolescent perceptions of neighborhoods moderated the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. Results showed that perceived neighborhood social cohesion moderated the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.001). At higher levels of perceived neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood structural disadvantage was associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that improving perceived neighborhood social cohesion may decrease adolescent depressive symptoms, particularly in neighborhoods with high disadvantage. This aspect of the neighborhood social environment may serve as a target for structural and other interventions to address the growing burden of depression among adolescents.     

The stress process in neighborhood context

The positive relation between socio-economic status (SES) and health, both mental and physical, is examined within a stress-process framework. Telephone survey data of adults age 45-74 are analyzed to test the roles of stressors and resources as mediators of the SES-health relation. Next, the stress process is tested in neighborhood context by splitting the sample in half according to residence in lower- or higher-SES neighborhoods. The relative impact of stressors on mental and physical health, and effectiveness of resources in protecting mental and physical health, are tested separately for both types of neighborhoods. The results indicate that social support is only protective of mental and physical health among residents of higher-SES neighborhoods. The implications of the results for future research are discussed.     

个性化健康教育对脑卒中患者康复效果及抑郁、焦虑心理状况的影响

目的探讨个性化健康教育对脑卒中住院患者康复效果及抑郁、焦虑心理状况的影响。方法按照随机数法将90例患者随机分为对照组和干预组,每组45例,干预组采取个性化健康教育,对照组采取常规健康教育,在患者在入院时和3个月时进行自填式问卷调查。结果干预前,干预组MBI评分（33.59±5.82）、Fugl-Meyer评分（28.31±10.32）、ESS评分（46.21±12.18）和MMSE评分（15.17±7.49）与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。干预后,干预组患者的MBI评分（66.26±7.57）,Fugl-Meyer评分（52.89±9.75）,ESS评分（62.27±11.36）,MMSE评分（21.92±8.35）均高于对照组及干预前评分（P〈0.01）;干预后,干预组患者无抑郁（35.56%）、轻度抑郁（46.67%）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。干预组患者无焦虑（42.22%）、轻度焦虑（42.22%）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论个性化健康教育可以改善脑卒中患者的运动功能和心理情绪,提高患者的治疗康复效果。     

中学生和大学生痤疮患者焦虑与抑郁状况

目的了解青年学生痤疮患者的焦虑与抑郁情况,为青年学生痤疮患者的综合系统治疗和提高生活质量提供参考。方法以到上海市某三甲医院皮肤病专科医院痤疮科、治疗科门诊就诊的244名中学生和大学生痤疮患者为研究对象(痤疮组),同时在该地区便利选取未患痤疮的学生群体(对照组) 297名,用倾向评分匹配法对方便抽样获得的两组被试进行匹配(各157名),采用Zung抑郁自评测量表(Self-rating Depressing Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评测量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)进行问卷调查,比较不同性别、不同发病程度痤疮患者与对照组的SDS、SAS得分。结果痤疮组抑郁症状阳性检出率为59.20%,焦虑症状检出率为69.40%,合并焦虑及抑郁症状者为52.90%;对照组抑郁症状检出率为32.50%,焦虑症状检出率为25.50%,合并焦虑及抑郁症状者为20.40%,差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为22.63,60.81,35.69,P值均<0.01)。痤疮组的SDS和SAS得分均高于对照组(Z值分别为5.95,9.16,P值均<0...     

Neighborhood disadvantage moderates the effect of a mobile health intervention on adolescent depression

This study leverages data from a pilot randomized controlled trial to investigate whether the effectiveness of a text-delivered mHealth intervention targeting adolescent depression and anxiety differs according to residential- and activity space-based measures of exposure to community-level socioeconomic disadvantage. For depression, we find that intervention efficacy is significantly stronger for youth residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods, even after controlling for individual level socioeconomic status, as well as marginal moderating effects of activity space-based neighborhood disadvantage on treatment efficacy. We do not find evidence of treatment efficacy moderation by neighborhood disadvantage regarding anxiety. While the generalizability of our findings is restricted to this sample and for this intervention, this research serves as a motivating example and initial evidence for how mHealth intervention efficacy can vary by characteristics of the environment, in particular community-level disadvantage. Future clinical research should investigate whether the effectiveness of mHealth interventions may be enhanced by personalization based on an individual's contextual environmental exposures.     

Demographic and psychological moderators of the relationship between neighborhood cigarette advertising and current smoking in New York City

BackgroundTobacco advertising in retailers influences smoking, but little research has examined how this relationship differs among population subgroups. This study merged data on neighborhood cigarette advertising with geocoded survey data to assess the association between advertising prevalence and current smoking among New York City (NYC) residents, and whether demographic and psychological characteristics moderate this relationship.MethodsAudit data from a stratified, random sample of 796 NYC tobacco retailers generated neighborhood prevalence estimates of cigarette advertising, which were linked with unweighted 2017 NYC Community Health Survey data (n = 7837 adult respondents with residential geocodes). Multilevel regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of current smoking by level of neighborhood cigarette advertising (quartiles). Interactions assessed differences in this relationship by demographic characteristics and current depression (analyses conducted in 2019).ResultsThere was no main effect of advertising on smoking status or significant interactions with demographic variables, but current depression was an effect modifier (p = 0.045). Cigarette advertising was associated with current smoking among those with current depression (p = 0.023), not those without (p = 0.920). Specifically, respondents with depression who resided in neighborhoods in the highest quartile for cigarette advertising prevalence had higher odds of current smoking, compared to those living in the lowest advertising quartile [aOR: 1.72 (1.04, 2.86)].ConclusionRetail cigarette advertising may serve as an environmental cue to smoke among adults with depression. Efforts to restrict or counteract this practice, such as the development of community-level public health interventions and counter-marketing programs, may particularly benefit those with depression and, perhaps, other mental health disorders.     

Does moving from a high-poverty to lower-poverty neighborhood improve mental health? A realist review of ‘Moving to Opportunity’

Ray Pawson's realist review method was used to analyse 22 evaluations/reviews of the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing intervention. MTO was a randomized controlled trial that moved families from high-poverty to low-poverty neighborhoods in five US cities between 1994 and 2006. This realist review focussed on mental health outcomes of families who moved, as well as the mechanisms through which moving influenced mental health. It identified and assessed the effectiveness of the underlying theory driving MTO, and suggests revising the existing theory. This realist review suggests that, even when moves are voluntary, there are potentially negative mental health outcomes from these types of social interventions. Directing resources towards the improvement of existing communities is one way of improving health outcomes for all community residents.     

学龄期矮小儿童焦虑抑郁状况及其与心理弹性的关系

目的 探讨学龄期矮小儿童焦虑、抑郁状况及其与心理弹性的关系,为进一步进行心理干预提供依据.方法 选用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表和(或)心理弹性量表(RS)个性问卷,对2008年8月-2011年8月扬州大学临床医学院儿科矮小门诊确诊为矮小症的82例9 ～ 14岁身材矮小儿童和78名正常对照儿童进行问卷调查.结果 矮小儿童有焦虑障碍的比例(43.90％)与对照组( 16.70％)差异有统计学意义(x2=13.96,P＜0.01);有抑郁障碍的比例(18.30％)高于对照组(12.80％),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.91,P＞0.05);两组儿童焦虑总分以及躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖、学校恐怖分量表评分差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);矮小儿童抑郁评分与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).矮小儿童心理弹性评分焦虑组与非焦虑组、抑郁组与非抑郁组差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).矮小儿童焦虑各因子及总分,抑郁评分与心理弹性总分及各因子评分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.10～-0.33,P值均＜0.05).结论 学龄期矮小儿童较正常儿童有更多的焦虑等情绪,心理弹性好的学生焦虑抑郁症状较轻.应注重儿童心理弹性的培养.     

Experimental evidence of welfare reform impact on clinical anxiety and depression levels among poor women

In this paper, we employ a classical experiment to determine if welfare reform causes poor women to experience increased levels of clinical anxiety and depression. We organize our analyses around the insights provided by lifestyle change and ecosocial theories of illness. Our data come from the New Jersey Family Development Program (FDP), one of the most highly publicized welfare experiments in the U.S. A sample of 8393 women was randomly assigned into two groups, one which stressed welfare-to-work and the other which offered traditional welfare benefits. These women were followed from 1992 through 1996 and information on clinical diagnoses was collected quarterly from physician treatment claims to the government Medicaid program. Our intention-to-treat estimates show that for short-term welfare recipients FDP decreased the prevalence of anxiety by 40% and increased depression by 8%. For black women both anxiety and depression diagnoses declined while Hispanic women experienced a 68% increase in depression. We discuss several public policy implications which arise from our work.     

武汉市高中生新型毒品尝试行为与抑郁焦虑压力的关联性分析

目的 探讨高中生抑郁、焦虑、压力与新型毒品尝试行为的关系,为开展高中生禁毒教育工作提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取武汉市某职业高中和普通高中共1 791名学生,运用问卷调查高中生的个人特征、新型毒品尝试情况、压力、焦虑、抑郁.采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响新型毒品尝试行为的心理影响因素....     

绍兴市学生抑郁焦虑症状及其影响因素分析

目的了解绍兴市学生抑郁、焦虑症状流行状况及其影响因素,为实施有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法选取绍兴市1所大学、2所高中、2所初中,采用分层整群抽样方法选取2 348名学生作为研究对象。使用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)评定抑郁、焦虑症状,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素。结果学生抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率分别为42.0%和12.3%,男生抑郁检出率(44.7%)高于女生(39.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.577,P<0.05);女生焦虑检出率(15.0%)高于男生(9.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.794,P<0.01)。抑郁、焦虑症状检出率在不同年级间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为52.181,11.185,P<0.01或P<0.05);城市学生抑郁症状检出率高于农村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.247,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学习负担重、噪声影响、睡眠时间少、早餐不规律、朋友数量少等是抑郁、焦虑症状的危险因素。结论绍兴市学生抑郁、焦虑症状普遍存在,与社会因素、环境因素、个人生活方式等相关。应加强在校学生的心理健康教育。     

Comparing sense of coherence, depressive symptoms and anxiety, and their relationships with health in a population-based study

The strong negative correlations observed between the sense of coherence (SOC) scale and measures of depression and anxiety raise the question of whether the SOC scale inversely measures the other constructs. The main aim of the present study was to examine the discriminant validity of the three measures by comparing their associations with health indicators and behaviours. The participants were 25 to 74-year-old Finnish men (n=2351) and women (n=2291) from the National Cardiovascular Risk Factor Survey conducted in 1997. The SOC scale had high inverse correlations with both depression (r=-0.62 among both men and women) and anxiety measures (r=-0.57 among the men and r=-0.54 among the women). Although confirmatory factor analyses suggested that it was possible to differentiate between SOC, cognitive depressive symptoms and anxiety, the estimated correlations were even higher than those mentioned above. Education was related only to SOC, but the associations of SOC, cognitive depressive symptoms and anxiety with self-reported and clinically measured health indicators (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol) and health behaviours were almost identical. The variation in the lowest SOC tertile was more strongly associated with health variables than in the highest tertile. To conclude, the size of the overlap between the SOC and depression scales was the same as between depression and anxiety measures. This indicates that future studies should examine the discriminant validity of different psychosocial scales more closely, and should compare them in health research in order to bring parallel concepts into the same scientific discussion.     

Oral contraceptives: side effects and depression in adolescent girls

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to determine the side effects, including depression, of oral contraceptives (OCs) in adolescent girls. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of OCs for dysmenorrhea, which assessed side effects and depression. Seventy-six adolescents received an OC (20 microg of ethinyl estradiol/100 mg of levonorgestrel) or a placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 months. We ascertained OC side effects using open-ended and closed question formats. Participants self-administered the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Fifty-seven participants (77%) reported at least one side effect (median=2, range=0-8, interquartile range=1.0-3.25). The number and the type of side effects reported in the OC group and in the placebo group were similar. Mean exit CES-D scores were comparable between groups [OC group, 14.0 (SD=9.2); placebo group, 14.4 (SD=8.1); p=.86]. CONCLUSION: Adolescents treated with an OC or a placebo experienced similar numbers and types of OC side effects, as well as depressive symptoms.