高龄患者三磷酸腺苷负荷心肌灌注断层显像的远期预后价值

目的 评价三磷酸腺苷(ATP)负荷~(99m)Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像对高龄患者(≥80岁)的远期预后价值.方法 对265例行ATP负荷~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像的患者(84.2±3.6)岁,随访(36.7±22.8)个月.观察心脏事件[心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死(MI)、不稳定性心绞痛、心力衰竭住院及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术]和恶性心脏事件(心源性死亡和非致死性MI).结果 根据心肌灌注显像将患者分为固定或混合性缺损组、可逆性减低及缺损组、正常显像组,各组心脏事件发生率为50,0%、31.3%、6.2%(P<0.05),恶性心脏事件发生率分别为27.8%、6.0%、0.7%(P<0.05).Cox多元回归分析显示异常心肌灌注显像是预测高龄患者发生心脏事件和恶性心脏事件的独立危险因子(P<0.05).结论 ATP负荷~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像正常的高龄患者预后良好,心肌显像异常患者心脏事件和恶性心脏事件的发生率明显增加,存在固定或混合性缺损的患者预后更差,其检查对于高龄患者心脏事件风险的评估有较高的临床参考价值.     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI硝酸异山梨酯介入显像对冠脉支架置入术后心肌血流灌注的评估

目的:探讨99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile,Tc-MIBI)评估冠状动脉支架置入术(支架置入术)后损伤区心肌细胞血流灌注状况的价值。方法::40例行支架置入术患者,分别在置入术前、后进行99mTc-MIBI心肌静态显像及其硝酸异山梨酯(ISDN)介入显像,对比分析损伤区心肌细胞血流灌注改善程度。结果:40例患者冠状动脉共有360个节段。术前Tc-MIBI ISDN介入显像异常109个节段(29.2%),显著少于Tc-MIBI静态显像异常的178个节段(49.4%,P0.01)。支架置入术后ISDN介入显像异常91个(25.3%)节段也显著少于静态显像异常的112个节段(31.1%,P0.05)。结论:99mTc-MIBI-ISDN介入显像较99mTc-MIBI心肌静态显像更能反映支架置入术后心肌血流灌注情况。     

^99mTc—MIBI门控心肌显像振幅分析对心室局部室壁运动异常的估价

对10例正常人,36例CHD病人[无心肌梗死(Non-MI)26例,陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)10例]进行~(99m)Tc-MIBI门控心肌显像。结果表明:正常~(99m)Tc-MIBI振幅图在运动负荷后显示室壁各节段振幅明显增加,尤其是前侧壁和心尖区。CHD组180个心肌节段,静息像正常的125个节段在运动后27个节段显示异常,静息像异常的55节段运动后有33个节段更加异常。其检出率(88.9％)高于静息~(99m)Tc-RBC振幅图(80.6％)。与~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌断层影像(94.4％)比较,检出率略低(88.9％)。但10例正常人~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌断层显像中有2例异常,而振幅图均为正常。~(99m)Tc-MIBI断层像显示是非标准化的,窗调节带有主观任意性,而振幅图像是利用反映收缩幅度参数的振幅构成的一种机能影像,易于定量分析,重复性好,易于静息像与运动像的对比。     

100例~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像与冠状动脉造影的对比

本文报道100例~(99m)Tc-甲氧异丁异腈(MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像(SPECT)与冠状动脉造影对比的结果。~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌SPECT对冠心病诊断敏感性为96%,特异性为83%,如排除心肌梗塞病例,对单纯心绞痛患者诊断的阳性率为88%,对左前降支的诊断阳性串为86%,左回旋支为69%,右冠状动脉86%,总的阳性预测值96%。阴性预测值84%。此外,对6例左冠状动脉主干病变,分析了核素显像特点。总之,~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌SPECT对冠心病的诊断有较大价值。     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI门控心肌灌注断层显像检测冠心病的准确性

目的　评价 99m Tc- MIBI门控心肌灌注断层显像估价冠心病 (CAD)的准确性 ,以及门控心肌灌注断层显像显示心肌损害与冠脉造影的关系。方法　对 93例受检者进行了运动 /静息 99m Tc- MIBI门控心肌灌注断层显像 ,其中 47例有冠脉造影检查 ,冠状动脉狭窄 >50 %为 CAD诊断标准。结果　检测 CAD的灵敏度为 84.84% ,特异性为 85.71 % ,准确性为 92 .0 0 %。正常人组的正常符合率 94%。检测 LAD病变的灵敏度为84.62 % ,LCX为 77.77% ,RCA为 85.71 %。检测 L AD病变的准确性 79% ,LCX为 77% ,RCA为 82 %。 1 2例冠脉造影显示 50 %～ 70 %狭窄者与心肌灌注显像的相关性较差 (r=0 .33,P=NS)。 2 1例冠脉造影显示 >70 %狭窄者与心肌灌注显像有良好的相关性 (r=0 .0 5,P<0 .0 5)。结论　 99m Tc-MIBI门控心肌灌注断层显像可以准确地检测冠心病 ,在避免冠脉造影检查风险方面 ,对老年病人更有实际应用价值     

99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像在诊断病毒性心肌炎中的应用价值

~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌断层显像在诊断病毒性心肌炎中的应用价值     

多巴酚丁胺负荷~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌断层显像诊断冠心病的价值

56例多巴酚丁胺负荷~(99m)锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(~(99m)Tc-MIBI)门控心肌灌注断层显像(DBA-SPECT),并进行多巴酚丁胺负荷心电图(DBA-ECG)及平板运动心电图.21例行冠脉造影.DBA负荷血液动力学效应曲线与平板运动试验之曲线相似.DBA-SPECT诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为87.5%、76.9%、81.0%;DBA-ECG诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为75.0%、92.3%、85.0%;平板运动心电图诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为87.5%、46.2%、61.9%.表明DBA-SPECT是诊断冠心病的一种具有较高敏感性和特异性的方法.且安全可靠,可部分代替运动负荷试验.     

静息门控心肌灌注显像鉴别诊断缺血性和扩张型心肌病

目的:探讨静息门控心肌灌注显像(GMPS)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)和缺血性心肌病(ICM)的诊断价值.方法:对20例DCM和70例ICM进行~(99m)Tc-MIBI静息GMPS,观察2组心肌血流灌注情况及心功能指标.结果:ICM组心肌灌注显像呈节段性灌注异常;DCM组为非节段性分布的、散在的稀疏区.DCM组的左室射血分数比ICM组明显降低,舒张末心腔容积、收缩末心腔容积及心脏的重量比ICM组明显增大(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论:~(99m)Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈静息GMPS对DCM和ICM的诊断和鉴别诊断具有较高的应用价值.     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像对老年冠心病的诊断价值

采用~(99m)Tc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像方法检测冠心病心绞痛和心肌梗塞患者74例,并与ECG进行对比分析。结果表明,~(99m)Tc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像对缺血性心脏病检出率(90.5％)高于ECG(73.0％)。运动和静息心肌灌注断层显像对比结果证明,运动试验可提高检出率和特异性,并发现3例反向分布,说明核素心肌灌注断层显像安全无创伤、检出率高,更适合老年冠心病患者检查。     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像在PCI术前及术后的应用价值

目的探讨99m锝~甲氧基异丁基异腈(~(99m)Tc-MIBI)运动/静息门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)对于冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD)患者行经皮冠状动脉介人治疗(PCI)术前和术后的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年9月至2015年12月内蒙古医科大学附属医院接受PCI术的CAD患者30例,术前2周及术后3个月行~(99m)Tc-MIBI运动/静息G-MPI,对比手术前后心肌灌注异常节段、负荷/静息灌注总积分、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、心室收缩末期容积(ESV)及运动异常节段的变化。结果狭窄程度75%的44支血管对应320个节段,心肌可逆性缺损(RD)患者的异常节段数术前和术后3个月差异有明显统计学意义(x~2=231.867,P0.001)。心肌固定性缺损(FD)患者的异常节段数术前和术后差异无统计学意义(x~2=3.398,P0.05)。RD患者术前与术后3个月的负荷灌注总积分(SSS)、静息灌注总积分(SRS)的差异有统计学意义(t=2.457,2.115,P0.05),FD患者术前和术后3个月SSS的差异有统计学意义(t=2.042,P0.05),而SRS的差异无统计学意义(t=0.258,P0.05)。PCI术后LVEF、EDV、ESV较术前增加,但差异无统计学意义(t=0.075,0.032,0.022;P0.05)。320个总节段中,运动异常节段数术前和术后差异无统计学意义(x~2=3.570,P0.05)。结论 ~(99m)Tc-MIBI运动/静息G-MPI对于CAD患者PCI术前治疗方案确定、病例选择、危险度分层及术后疗效评估均有一定的指导意义。     

Impact of chronic patency of infarct-related coronary artery on prevalence of myocardial ischemia during the pharmacologic and exercise stress test

Background: Even late restoration of anterograde coronary flow may have beneficial effects on left ventricular function, electrophysiology, and survival in postinfarction patients. Hypothesis: The patency or occlusion of an infarct-related coronary artery in the chronic phase may also be associated with myocardial ischemia provoked by pharmacologic and physiologic stress tests. Methods: High-dose dipyridamole echocardiography test (DET) (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 min), exercise electrocardiography (EET), and coronary angiographic data in a group of 127 in-hospital patients who had survived an acute myocardial infarction were analyzed. Patients who had only angiographic evidence of infarct-related single artery disease (≥50% luminal diameter reduction) and no previous revascularization were enrolled in the study. DET and EET were performed (DET in all, EET in 118 patients) within 5 days before coronary angiography. Fifty-seven patients had total occluded infarct arteries (Group 1) with various degrees of collateral circulation (2.6±1.1 collateral score, by a 3 grading system), whereas the other 70 patients had patent infarct arteries (Group 2) with significant residual stenoses (82±13% diameter reduction). Results: The prevalence of rest angina or effort angina and topography of the infarct-related coronary artery did not differ between the two groups (all p = NS). There were more patients with Q wave in Group 1 than in Group 2 (72 vs. 57%, p = 0.08) compared with non-Q wave infarction (Group 1 = 28 vs. Group 2 = 43%, p = 0.08). Ischemia in the infarct-related artery territory detected by DET (defined as new wall motion dyssynergy or marked worsening of resting hypokinesia) was 61% in Group 1 and 41% in Group 2 (p = 0.025). EET was positive in 26 of 54 (48%) Group 1 and in 21 of 64 (33%) Group 2 patients (p = 0.09). Conclusions: Patients with occluded infarct-related arteries have a higher prevalence of ischemia during DET and EET regardless of the presence of collateral flow. These results suggest that the presence of partial anterograde flow in the prolonged period could have a favorable influence on prevalence of residual ischemia in these patients.     

99mTc-MIBI门电路SPECT对冠心病的诊断和心肌存活性评价的作用

为进一步评价99m锝-甲氧基异睛(99mTc-MIBI)门电路和非门电路单光子发射断层显像(SPECT)对冠心病的诊断价值及硝酸甘油介入诊断试验在心肌存活状态评价中的作用,对40例进行运动心肌灌注断层显象,并与冠状动脉(冠脉)造影比较.结果32例冠脉造影显示冠脉有意义狭窄.门电路断层显象对冠心病诊断总的敏感和特异性分别为93.8%和87.5%;非门电路断层显象分别为84.4%和87.5%,两相比较,无显著性差异(P＞0.05).对冠脉病变支数诊断敏感性门电路方法优于非门电路方法(分别为73.8%和62.3%,P＜0.05).特异性均为96.6%.20例进行含服硝酸甘油后静态心肌灌注断层显象,16例心肌梗死病人中有3例为部分可逆性心肌灌注缺损,4例慢性心肌缺血病人,全部有可逆性心肌灌注.表明硝酸甘油介入诊断试验有助于心肌灌注异常可逆性的评估;99mTc-MIBI门电路SPECT和硝酸甘油介入诊断试验是有效的对冠心病无创性诊断和心肌存活状态评价方法.     

Comparison of the high-dose dipyridamole-echocardiography test and exercise two-dimensional echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Fifty-five patients with effort angina pectoris and technically satisfactory baseline echocardiograms performed a supine exercise-echocardiography test (EET) and a high-dose dipyridamole-echocardiography test (DET, up to 0.84 mg/kg of intravenous dipyridamole in 10 minutes). All underwent coronary arteriography, which showed that at least 1 major artery had more than 70% stenosis in 34 patients. For each patient, the same physician performed both tests, with the same echocardiographic equipment. Detection of new onset or worsening regional asynergy was the only criterion of positivity for both tests. DET yielded interpretable studies in all 55 patients (100%); EET yielded only 40 such studies (73%) (p less than 0.01). In the 40 patients in whom both tests were interpretable, DET showed, compared with EET, a similar sensitivity (72% vs 76%) and specificity (100% vs 87%) (difference not significant for both) for detecting angiographically assessed coronary artery disease. In the 16 patients in whom both DET and EET yielded positive responses for ischemia, the same myocardial region showed reversible asynergy. Thus, independent of all factors that can affect the performance of each test (operator, patient and instrumentation), DET was significantly more feasible than EET, with comparable sensitivity and specificity. Dipyridamole provokes asynergy in the same regions that show ischemia during exercise.     

肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿的临床及影像学特征

目的 通过全面评价肺炎克雷伯菌所致肝脓肿(KLA)患者的临床及影像学特征,使之能及时得到针对性治疗.方法 收集2001年3月至2009年1月期间入院的197例细菌性肝脓肿患者,其中KLA 106例,非肺炎克雷伯菌单菌感染所致肝脓肿(NKLA)56例,对其基础疾病、临床表现、实验室检查以及B超、CT等影像学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 在基础疾病方面,KLA患者多伴发糖尿病(53.77%比25.00%,P=0.001)、脂肪肝(16.04%比5.36%,P<0.05).在临床表现方面,KLA患者在腹痛(40.57%比57.14%,P<0.05)、乏力(19.81%比46.43%,P=0.001)、肝肿大(4.72%比14.29%,P<0.05)方面较NKLA患者表现不明显.在实验室检查方面,KLA入院时空腹血糖水平较高[(7.84±0.36)mmol/L比(5.76±0.30)mmol/L,P=0.001].影像学检查方面,两组患者皆多为右叶单发脓肿,CT检查结果提示,KLA的脓肿气腔发生率高(32.88%比13.51%,P<0.05)、边缘更为模糊(71.23%比40.54%,P<0.05),且动脉期多呈现分隔强化(41.10%比16.22%,P<0.01).结论 克雷伯菌已成为细菌性肝脓肿的主要致病菌.KLA多伴发糖尿病、脂肪肝,临床症状轻,脓肿气腔发生率高,通过影像学可对其初步诊断,及时进行针对性治疗.     

Comparison of pulmonary uptake with transient cavity dilation after exercise thallium-201 perfusion imaging

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between elevated lung/heart ratio (LHR) and transient ischemic dilation (TID) after stress thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging and to provide further insight into the mechanism of cavity dilation. BACKGROUND: Because both LHR and TID have been identified as adjunctive markers of severe coronary disease they should be found in the same patients. Although the mechanism of LHR has been defined, that of transient dilation has not. METHODS: We identified 4,618 consecutive patients undergoing maximal exercise perfusion imaging with thallium-201. Lung/heart ratio and a dilation index were derived and compared to each other and to relevant clinical parameters. RESULTS: There was a very weak relationship between the LHR and dilation index (r = 0.15, p < 0.001). Defining a dilation index > or =1.10 and LHR > or =50% as abnormal revealed that 322 of the patients (7%) had TID only, 351 (7.8%) had LHR only and 40 (0.9%) had both. When compared to patients without these findings both TID and LHR had higher thallium stress defect and redistribution scores. When comparing subjects who had elevated LHR uptake to those who had TID, it was found that those with LHR were more likely to have had prior myocardial infarction (MI) (29% vs. 9%), coronary artery bypass grafting (22% vs. 8%), lower ejection fraction (34+/-17% vs. 55+/-11%) and had more evidence of ischemia based on thallium stress defect and redistribution scores. However, patients with cavity dilation had a higher frequency of positive electrocardiographic response (31% vs. 19%) despite lower scintigraphic markers. CONCLUSIONS: Although pulmonary uptake and transient cavity dilation have both been associated with severe coronary disease, they have a very weak correlation, which, in combination with the different clinical parameters associated with each, suggests that they represent different pathophysiologic responses to exercise-induced ischemia. Our data support the hypothesis that TID represents transient subendocardial ischemia rather than physical dilation from increased end-diastolic pressure.     

The effect of beta blockade on single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium-201 images in patients with coronary disease

We evaluated the effect of beta blockers on thallium-201 (Tl-201) single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging in 12 patients with coronary disease using an automated computer algorithm. Maximal exercise heart rate and blood pressure were reduced and exercise time was increased with beta blockers. Estimated stress defect size decreased from 47 +/- 36.3 gm during placebo treatment to 32 +/- 27.1 gm during beta blocker therapy (-32%; p less than 0.01). The placebo treatment redistribution defect was estimated to be 28 +/- 29.8 gm. It fell to 15 +/- 23.3 gm with beta blockade (-46%; p less than 0.005). All patients had a stress Tl-201 defect during placebo treatment and eight had redistribution defects consistent with residual scar. During beta blocker therapy, 2 of 12 patients had normal stress-redistribution studies and only five patients had redistribution defects. Beta blockade can reduce exercise and redistribution Tl-201 SPECT defect size significantly while simultaneously increasing exercise time and reducing angina. Beta blockers may unmask or may eliminate evidence of redistribution. Tl-201 SPECT imaging may be useful in defining the reduction in ischemia produced by cardiac drugs.     

老年人肥厚型心肌病

目的 探讨我国老年人肥厚性心肌病(HCM)患者的临床特点. 方法 连续入选2002年9月至2008年9月在我院注册的HCM患者711例.记录临床资料,分析年龄≥65岁与非老年患者的差异. 结果 711例HCM患者中老年人共103例(14.5%),与非老年患者比较,老年HCM患者中女性较多(52.5%与29.0%,P<0.01),并存疾病多(64.1%与25.0%,P<0.01),心房颤动发生率高(21.4%与14.0%,P<0.05).心功能不全是老年人HCM最常见的症状,年龄(r=0.213,P<0.05)、左心房扩大(r=0.308,P<0.01)和心房颤动(r=0.362,P<0.01)是影响心功能的主要因素.24%患者有1个以上心原性猝死主要风险因素,以晕厥最常见. 结论 老年HCM患者具有并存疾病和心房颤动发生率高、心功能更差等特点,老年患者HCM相关的心原性猝死风险评价应予以重视.     

Quantitative planar imaging of glucose metabolic activity in myocardial segments with exercise thallium-201 perfusion defects in patients with myocardial infarction: comparison with late (24-hour) redistribution thallium imaging for detection of reversible ischemia.

Exercise thallium-201 24-hour redistribution imaging and myocardial glucose metabolism with F-18-deoxyglucose were used to identify reversible ischemia in 30 patients with previous myocardial infarction. Metabolic images were obtained using a planar gamma camera fitted with a rotating tungsten collimator. Of 184 exercise thallium perfusion defects, late redistribution occurred in 88. Metabolic evidence for reversibility (metabolism-perfusion mismatch) was identified in 91% of these 24-hour reversible segments. However, 72% of the segments with fixed perfusion defects also had residual ischemia by F-18-deoxyglucose. Out of 26 fixed severe thallium defects, 69% had F-18-deoxyglucose evidence for residual ischemia. A subset of 14 patients underwent serial exercise thallium scintigraphy or gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography after revascularization or medical therapy. Out of 46 fixed thallium defects in these patients, 30 demonstrated serial scintigraphic improvement. F-18-deoxyglucose-thallium mismatch was present in 81% of these segments, but was absent in the majority of the unimproved segments. Thus quantitative planar imaging of myocardial glucose metabolism with F-18-deoxyglucose using a well-collimated gamma camera can detect clinically important reversible ischemia in segments with fixed thallium defects at late redistribution imaging.     

Technetium‐99m‐sestamibi Redistribution after Exercise Stress Test Identified by a Novel Cardiac Gamma Camera: Two Case Reports

Single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) employing technetium‐99m (Tc‐99m)‐based imaging tracers is the mainstay of nuclear cardiology for the detection of myocardial ischemia. Current guidelines for same day rest/stress Tc‐99m‐sestamibi SPECT MPI recommend image acquisition 15–60 minutes after the stress testing. A novel sensitive SPECT imaging technique, D‐SPECT, allows fast acquisition of images and captures rapid changes in radiotracer distribution. Here we report 2 cases of SPECT MPI in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) where Tc‐99m‐sestamibi exhibited marked redistribution between early (6–8 min) and late (60–70 min) post‐stress imaging leading to an underestimation of the extent and severity of ischemia on late images. These observations suggest that early imaging maybe more sensitive for CAD detection. Fast SPECT imaging techniques, such as D‐SPECT, will facilitate similar studies in the future as they will allow fast image acquisition at several time points after the stress test. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Value of thallium-201 reinjection after delayed SPECT imaging for predicting reversible ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting

The reinjection of a small dose (40 MBq) of thallium-201 after stress and delayed imaging often shows new redistribution in the regions with persistent defect. To assess whether these segments may represent reversible ischemia, reinjection thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed after stress and 3-hour delayed imaging in 24 patients before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The left ventricular myocardium was divided into 5 myocardial segments and regional wall motion was scored on a scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (dyskinesia). Thallium-201 findings were compared with improvement in regional perfusion and wall motion 1 to 2 months after CABG. The reinjection imaging identified new redistribution in 15 of 32 persistent defects (47%) on the 3-hour delayed images. In the study of stress and delayed SPECT imaging, the improvement in perfusion was observed in 34 of 43 segments (79%) exhibiting redistribution and 15 of 32 (47%) segments without redistribution (p less than 0.01). The reinjection SPECT identified new redistribution in 12 of the 15 improved segments that were not detected on the delayed images. Similarly, the improvement in wall motion was observed in 23 of 31 segments (74%) exhibiting redistribution and 14 of 30 segments (47%) without redistribution on the delayed images (p less than 0.05). The reinjection identified new redistribution in 10 of the 14 improved segments that were undetected on the delayed images. The predictive values for improvement in perfusion and wall motion by the reinjection imaging were significantly higher (92 and 89%) than those by the delayed imaging (69 and 62%, respectively, p less than 0.05 each).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)