相变温控应用于电子设备的抗热冲击性能研究

相变温控是利用相变材料的相变过程以实现对物体温度控制的方法。以高热导率和储热密度的膨胀石墨/石蜡复合材料制作储热材料器件,构建了基于相变温控的电子器件散热模拟实验系统。研究在3种波动热负荷条件下,模拟芯片的表面温度随时间的变化情况,并与同型号传统散热器比较,分析相变温控对电子器件瞬态热管理的影响规律。实验结果表明,在同等条件下,相变温控散热实验系统的抗热冲击性能约为传统散热系统的1.4倍。将复合相变材料应用于电子器件的瞬态热管理中,可以降低电子设备的表面温度、减小温度波动幅度,保证电子电器设备运行的可靠性和稳定性。     

电驱动PEG/EG复合相变材料的制备与性能

以聚乙二醇（PEG）为相变组分，膨胀石墨（EG）为支撑材料，采用真空浸渍的方法制备了PEG/EG电热转换相变储能材料。改变复合相变材料中EG的质量分数，探究其在电热转换与热能存储效率、定形效果、相变焓值、储放热速率等方面的作用。结果表明，EG不仅能够提高复合相变材料的导热性能，还赋予其导电性能。当EG质量分数为5%时，PEG/EG复合相变材料具有良好的电热转换性能，在外加电压为7 V时，其电热转换与热能存储效率达到80.6%。同时，复合相变材料表现出良好的定形效果、较高的相变焓值（152.2 J/g）和优异的导热性能，与纯PEG相比，其储热所用时间减少了73%，储放热速率大幅提高。因此，PEG/EG复合相变材料在电驱动热能存储系统和能量转换与存储等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

相变温控在电子器件热控制中的应用进展

相变温控是利用相变材料的相变过程以实现对物体温度控制的方法。综述了相变温控在电子器件热控制领域的原理及其应用,利用相变材料大的相变潜热和较为恒定的相变温度的特点,可实现电子器件散热的有效管理,并指出开发具有高导热性能的定形相变材料是相变温控技术一个重要的发展方向。     

PEG-EG固-固相变材料的制备和性能研究

针对固-液相变材料易泄漏和热导率较低的问题,提出了聚乙二醇(PEG)固-固相变的复合材料。复合材料由不同比例、热导率较大的膨胀石墨(EG)骨架与PEG化学枝接得到。研究结果表明,EG质量分数为10%时,复合相变材料仍存在泄漏现象,而EG质量分数为20%、30%时不再有泄漏现象,复合材料表现为固-固相变。另外,复合材料的热导率随EG含量的增加而增大,其中EG质量分数为30%时,复合材料的热导率最高,为8.031 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯相变材料热导率(0.289 W·m^-1·K^-1)的27.79倍。经历50次循环后,所有复合相变材料的相变温度和相变焓均未有明显变化,证明其具有良好的热稳定性。考虑综合性能,EG的质量分数为20%时,复合相变材料性能最佳,定形效果良好,相变焓(138.30 J·g^-1)和结晶度(88.6%)较高,热导率也可以达到6.870 W·m^-1·K^-1。     

EG-TPU/PEG相变储能材料的结晶及力学性能研究

以高导热多孔隙膨胀石墨(EG)和热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)为支撑材料,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相变材料,利用挤出成型工艺制备EG-TPU复合材料,再通过注塑成型制备EG-TPU/PEG复合相变储能材料。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和万能实验机对试样进行形貌、结晶及力学性能测试。结果表明,PEG充分地进入到EG孔隙中,EG和TPU的引入并未改变PEG的结晶形态,但降低了PEG的结晶度和晶体完善度。添加10%TPU可以使复合相变材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度较纯PEG的分别提高87%和85%左右。     

同轴静电纺多级微纳米纤维膜的制备及其相变调温性能

为开发适宜人体温度的相变调温纺织品,采用同轴静电纺丝的方法将聚乙二醇(PEG)作为芯层封装在氮化硼(BN)增强的聚丙烯腈(PAN)壳层中,制备出氮化硼/聚丙烯腈/聚乙二醇(BN/PAN/PEG)复合相变纤维。研究了相变材料配比及BN浓度对纺丝膜形貌、热性能的影响,并对纤维膜进行热成像分析、热重分析表。结果表明:PEG1500与PEG1000-2在量比为6∶1时,复合相变材料的相变温度为36.4 ℃,满足人体温度舒适度要求;BN的质量分数为9%时,复合相变材料的热导响应性和储热效果最好。     

正十八烷/OBC/EG复合定型相变材料制备及热物性

针对正十八烷相变易泄漏的问题,采用烯烃嵌段共聚物（olefin block copolymer,OBC）作为封装结构,制备复合定型相变材料。并通过添加膨胀石墨（expanded graphite,EG）,改善其热导率低的问题。研究结果表明,当OBC的质量分数为20%时,复合相变材料未发现明显泄漏,定型效果较好,此时复合相变材料的相变焓为166.87 J/g,相较纯十八烷（227.40 J/g）下降26.62%。针对添加有不同质量分数EG的复合相变材料,其热导率随EG含量的增加而增大。其中当EG质量分数为5%时,复合相变材料热导率为4.179 W/(m?K),较纯相变材料热导率[0.24 W/(m?K)提高了约16倍,即EG能够有效提高复合相变材料的导热性能。此外,5%含量下的复合相变材料相变焓约为149.54 J/g,且在经历50次循环后,相变温度和相变焓均未有明显变化,即制备的复合相变材料具有较好的热稳定性。因此,该复合相变材料在建筑节能方面具有应用潜力。     

聚乙二醇定形相变材料的热稳定性

利用热重分析仪对不同分子量、不同支撑材料、不同配方的聚乙二醇(PEG)定形相变材料的热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,机械加工方法有可能会对PEG分子链有破坏作用,PEG定形相变材料具有良好的热稳定性。随着PEG分子量的增加,PEG定形相变材料的热分解温度越来越高,热稳定性更好。活性炭颗粒(ACG)和膨胀石墨(EG)都会使PEG相变材料的热分解温度降低,热稳定性有所降低。随着PEG定形相变材料中支撑材料含量的增加,定形相变材料的热稳定性降低。     

CNTs掺杂对EG/PEG定形相变材料性能的影响研究

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相变材料,导热性与吸附性良好的膨胀石墨(EG)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为支撑材料,制备出CNTs/EG/PEG定形相变材料。分别采用恒温烘箱、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、导热系数测定仪对CNTs/EG/PEG定形相变材料的定形特性、储热性能以及导热性能进行研究表征。实验结果表明,PEG含量越多的该定形相变材料的界面更加的均匀;随着EG和CNTs的含量增加,CNTs/EG/PEG复合材料的定形效果越来越好,熔融焓与结晶焓逐渐降低,导热系数逐渐增加。     

电子器件散热技术现状及进展

电子电器设备的高效散热是现代传热技术的主要应用之一。电子器件可靠性的改善、功率容量的增加以及结构的微小型化,都直接取决于热控制的完善程度。综述了电子散热技术的现状及进展,并指出相变温控在电子器件热控制技术领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.