中间品贸易自由化、增加值出口与生产率进步

本文在测算增加值出口和多边增加值全要素生产率指数的基础上,利用世界投入产出数据库和关税数据,系统考察中间品贸易自由化、增加值出口对生产率进步的影响,并细致区分不同国家的增加值出口和不同行业的影响差异,多种方案的稳健性检验和中介效应均证实结论的可靠性。研究发现：首先,无论是总体回归还是分国别回归,增加值出口显著促进了生产率进步,且对美国、欧盟和日韩等发达国家的增加值出口的生产率效应强于对金砖国家和印尼等新兴国家及发展中国家。其次,考虑到中间品贸易自由化的交互影响,增加值出口强化了中间品贸易自由化的生产率效应,且对制造业中间品贸易自由的生产率效应的强化作用要小于对服务业中间品贸易自由化的生产率效应的强化作用。此外,通过中介效应模型验证中间品关税的下降能够增加进口的中间品种类,进而有利于行业生产率的提升。     

中间品进口、贸易类型与企业出口产品质量

本文首先对企业出口产品质量进行了测算,并进一步分析了是否进口中间品,以及不同贸易类型的中间品进口对企业出口产品质量的影响。研究发现：中间品进口具有显著的促进作用;一般贸易中间品进口不具有促进作用,与来料加工中间品进口相比,进料加工中间品进口促进作用更加显著和稳健;随着产品质量的提升,一般贸易中间品进口的抑制效应减弱,来料加工中间品进口的促进作用增强,进料加工中间品的影响呈“U”形关系。     

进口中间品与中国企业生存扩延

研究目标：探究中间品进口对企业生存时间的影响及其作用机制。研究方法：基于中国工业企业和海关贸易的综合数据,通过倾向得分匹配方法（PSM）降低样本选择性偏误,采用生存分析模型进行研究。研究发现：进口中间品对延长企业生存时间具有显著促进作用;这种促进作用对混合加工贸易的提升效果尤其明显。同时随着使用强度的增加,进口中间品对企业风险的降低作用增强;中间品的技术水平越高,对企业生存概率的改善作用越大;但这些作用的发挥需要满足一定的时间门槛。研究创新：与先前文献侧重强调出口的巨大作用不同,本文研究并论证了进口的积极作用,发现了进口中间品对企业生存的重要意义。研究价值：本文的这一研究为延长企业生存时间、提升企业竞争力找到了新途径,也为相关贸易政策的制定提供了新视角。     

中间品进口对企业工资差距的影响综述

随着世界经济大环境的发展与变化,西方国家越来越重视微笑曲线的两端,而将繁杂的中间生产环节外包出去,因此包括中国在内的发展中国家的中间品进口也随之日益盛行。但随之而来的是越来越突出的薪资水平两极化的社会问题。本文将中间品进口对企业工资差距影响的相关文献进行综述,发现学者们较少从发展中国家视角来分析,并且关于中国中间品进口对企业工资差距影响研究也需要丰富。     

贸易自由化与可持续发展的关系

贸易自由化对各国的经济、社会和环境都有很大的影响,世界贸易组织将可持续发展作为其组织基本目标,在这场贸易自由化的进程中,充满了机遇与挑战。     

贸易自由化与中国制造业区域分布演变

本文使用2000²007年企业层面面板数据,首先计算中国制造业的集中指标——EG指数,然后构建计量模型分析贸易自由化对中国制造业产业集聚的影响。在此基础上,通过计量分析贸易自由化与中国制造业集聚的关系,证明贸易开放因素对制造业"集聚"的影响是正向的,并且是显著的和稳定的。     

贸易自由化与中国环境保护措施的完善

在对外开放步伐加快和经济增长迅速的同时,中国也面临着环境日益恶化的问题,本文在分析我国环境问题产生原因的基础上,探讨了贸易自由化与环境保护的关系,提出构建和完善我国的环境规制来促使贸易自由化与我国环境保护的良性发展。     

贸易自由化与反倾销的综合贸易效应分析——基于贸易引力模型

文章在对中国对外反倾销的产业与国别分析的基础上,收集2002年～2009年中国对来自6个国家和地区HS三大类产品的反倾销数据,利用贸易引力模型分析关税削减条件下中国对外反倾销的贸易限制效应。     

市场准入交换与发展中国家的金融服务贸易自由化

本文建立了一个金融服务贸易保护的政治经济模型，模型中明确将未来市场准入交换的可能性作为金融服务贸易政策选择的一个重要决定因素。研究表明，和商品贸易一样，服务贸易政策选择也在很大程度上受到利益分配的影响。政府的金融自由化决策需要在国内银行的利益与社会的福利之间进行权衡。此外，在存在多部门谈判的情况下，保留对金融服务贸易自由化的承诺可以作为今后市场准入交换谈判中讨价还价的筹码。本文的结论是，对发达国家来讲，要想得到发展中国家在金融服务贸易方面进一步自由化的承诺，必须减少其自身在农业、纺织品及其他涉及发展中国家出口利益方面的市场保护。     

克服我国房地产业的市场失灵和调控失灵

基于我国城镇土地国有的基本国情,本文从马克思政治经济学视角,围绕目前我国房价过高的问题进行了讨论。依据马克思、恩格斯关于地租的本质、地价对房价重大影响、土地不是普通商品、实行土地国有制等论述及所进行的讨论,本文提出应加强对国有土地公共性质的认识,改变用过度市场化的方法去配置国有土地资源,保护公民的基本土地使用权,完善我国普遍住房保障以及进一步强化发展为人民的执政理念等建议。     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

Trade Liberalization and Poverty in Ecuador: A CGE Macro-Microsimulation Analysis

Cross-country analysis of the aggregate growth-poverty link is likely to miss important country-specific detail and possible offsetting forces in the underlying labour market adjustment process. This paper combines a CGE model analysis with a microsimulations approach to analyse the effects of trade liberalization on poverty and income distribution in Ecuador. The CGE model enables us to disentangle the general equilibrium effects of various trade policy scenarios on sector output, employment, factor incomes and household consumption. However, as is typical of CGE models, this analysis only provides distribution results for fairly aggregated groups of workers and a reduced number of representative households. The microsimulations approach adds the full distribution to the analysis and allows simulation of the effects of trade reform on the job status and remuneration of individual workers and thereby on household income distribution and poverty. The macro- microsimulation results indicate that the trade opening in Ecuador induced mild aggregate welfare gains, but rising income inequality due to rising wage differentials between skilled and unskilled workers implies virtually no poverty-reducing effect from trade liberalization.     

中国主导产业的变化与技术升级

本文通过拓展列昂惕夫天际图分析方法,分析经济增长和产业结构、贸易结构这三者之间的关联,进而聚焦主导产业的中间投入品进口贸易的变化,并分析主导产业对外技术依存的变化。在此分析框架下,本文利用1992~2005年的可比价投入产出表数据进行实证研究,结果表明,出口是分析期内所有主导产业增长的主要拉动力;虽然主导产业带动的经济增长促进产业结构和出口贸易结构向高加工度化升级,但在一部分主导产业的发展过程中,国外生产技术的溢出效应尚未充分显现。     

Dynamics of Trade Integration and Technological Convergence

The issue of the impact of trade on economic performance and labour markets has been intensively discussed in recent literature on trade liberalization and globalization, where the debate was mainly about identifying the relative impact of trade and technology. The bulk of the existing literature in this area employs, almost without exception, a static Heckscher-Ohlin framework that seems not to be a suitable tool for analysing the ongoing dynamics. This paper presents a dynamic multi-sectoral framework with heterogenous labour to explore the issue of trade liberalization and sectoral catching-up in productivity levels. The model is basically an input-output framework with Schumpeterian features; the latter are modelled as the impact of transitory rents that result from uneven productivity growth and technological catching-up upon the price and quantity systems of the trading economies. Relative productivity and wage rate dynamics across sectors determine the comparative costs and the dynamics of trade specialization. In the Appendix, the equilibrium solutions of the model are derived.     

金融业开放与中国制造业竞争力提升

研究目标：探究外资银行进入对制造业企业加成率变化的影响和作用机制。研究方法：基于异质性企业和新增长理论,将企业异质性和新熊彼特模型有机整合到统一框架中提出命题,根据中国工业企业和海关数据库,通过外资银行进入这一外生冲击对银行业开放后的制造业企业“加成率效应”进行实证研究。研究发现：总体上外资银行进入后,进入区域内企业平均加成率显著增加。行业层面异质性渠道检验表明,行业与技术前沿差距越小、行业外部融资依赖度越高、与银行业投入产出关联度越大,外资银行进入“加成率效应”越大。分所有制类型的结果显示,民营和外资企业的正向效应更为显著,且大型民营企业的正向效应值最大。分地区和要素密集度的结果显示,东部和劳动密集型企业的正向“加成率效应”较大。研究创新：首次从企业盈利水平视角出发探讨外资银行进入对下游制造业加成率的影响。研究价值：证实金融业开放有利于提升我国制造业企业市场势力。     

Liberalization and concentration: Case of Turkey

The paper attempts to evaluate the liberalization program in terms of its degree of success in achieving competition. The analysis is limited to sellers’ concentration ratio in manufacturing. There is a decline in concentration ratio in manufacturing following liberalization measures taken during the post-1980 period. Considering the degree of the success in such targets as low and stable inflation, and high and sustainable growth, the modest decrease in the concentration ratio appears to be a real success. This decrease looks even better if one considers resources devoted to various targets in the economy.     

Trade Liberalization and Pollution: An Input–Output Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Mexico

This paper examines the environmental effects associated with Mexico's participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The objective is to provide quantitative estimates of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from changes in the level and structure of production and consumption activity in Mexico following a liberalization of trade. The quantitative analysis was performed using input–output methods with fuel use modifications to account for CO₂ emissions before and after NAFTA's implementation. As a result of NAFTA, CO₂ emissions are expected to increase from the anticipated increase in the size of the Mexican economy. While total emissions increase as a result of tariff elimination, there is also a shift in the structure of production and final consumption away from those sectors that are the most C02 intensive.