废旧MH/Ni电池负极材料的回收利用

介绍了一种回收利用废IBMH／Ni电池负极材料的方法。用湿法处理废旧贮氢合金电池负极材料,无须将Ni^2 ,Co^2 分离便可直接制备含钴型β-Ni(OH)2。试验结果表明,镍和钴的回收率都可达到95％。其工艺流程简单,生产成本低,可获得较好的经济和社会效益。     

稀土在Ni/MH电池中应用研究

综述了稀土在N i/MH电池中的作用机理。贮氢合金中稀土的含量和组成改变合金的微晶结构,影响合金的吸放氢特性。镍电极中掺杂稀土添加剂一方面可以有效地提高析氧过电位,改善N i/MH电池高温性能。另一方面稀土的掺杂使N i(OH)2晶格发生畸变,改善材料的质子扩散性能,减少电化学反应阻抗。此外,电解液中引入稀土化合物,可增大电极表面的活性中心。阐述了稀土是改善N i/MH电池性能的一种有效的活性材料和添加剂。     

活化处理对MH/Ni动力电池贮存性能的影响

文章对MH/Ni动力电池长期贮存出现的低电压问题进行了分析.设计4种不同的活化制度加以比较研究,验证了活化制度对MH-Ni动力电池的放电态贮存性能有较大的影响.     

La_(15-x)Ce_xFe_(14)Ni_(64)Mn_5B_2(x=0～6)储氢合金结构及电化学性能研究

采用真空速凝工艺制备La15-xCexFe14Ni64Mn5B2(x=0、2、4、6)储氢合金薄带,分析合金结构并测试其电化学性能。四个合金均由三相组成,分别为LaNi5相(基体相)、La3Ni13B2相和(Fe,Ni)相。随替代元素Ce替代量的逐渐增加,合金的活化性能、最大放电容量和高倍率放电性能(HRD)都有所降低,但循环稳定性明显改善,充放电循环100次的容量保持率(S100)从62.4%(x=0)增加到了的81.4%(x=6)。     

La15Fe77-xNixMn5B3（x=55,60,65,70,75）储氢合金的结构与电化学性能研究

用熔炼-快淬工艺制备La15Fe77-xNixMn5B3(x=55,60,65,70,75)储氢电极合金。采用XRD、SEM、EDS及电化学方法研究合金的组织结构、放氢平台特性和电化学性能。研究结果表明,La15Fe77-xNixMn5B3(x=55,60,65,70,75)合金均为多相结构,主相是LaNi5相,另外还有(Fe,Ni)相和La3Ni13B2相。随Ni含量增加,合金电极的最大放电容量逐渐增加,活化次数明显减少,放氢平台特性变好,高倍率放电性能明显改善。     

熔盐法合成LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2及AA电池的电化学性能

以KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示此方法制备产物具有较好的晶形,颗粒较均匀.XRD表征结果显示产物为层状结构,充放电测试结果显示出材料在3.6 V平台附近有较大的可逆容量.在900℃时保温8 h时合成的LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3...     

纳米导电剂对镍电极高温/高功率性能的影响

研究了 210H型超细镍粉和纳米氧化亚钴的添加对镍电极高温高功率性能的影响.结果表明添加210H型超细镍粉对镍电极的高温有一定的改善,对镍电极的高功率件能有较大的提高,通过对比发现0.5%(质量分数)是一个合适的添加量;添加纳米氧化亚钴对镍电极的高温性能没有太大的影响,对高倍率性能的提高较明显,其中添加1.0%(质量分数)纳米氧化亚钻的电极的放电效率也高于其他电极,与无添加的镍电极相比,1C～5C时均提高4%左右,10C时提高12.5%.循环伏安和交流阻抗研究表明导电剂的加入提高了镍电极的可逆性,减小了镍电极的界面双层电容(Cdl),电化学反应电阻(Rt)和warburg阻抗(Zw).     

Co含量对La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCoxAl0.25（x=0～0.4）储氢合金电极性能的影响

采用电磁感应悬浮炉制备La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCoxAl0.25(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)系列合金,研究Co含量对合金的相结构、吸放氢性能和电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,该系列合金主要由LaNi5、Nd2Ni7相组成。当Co含量大于0.2时,合金中出现La2Ni7相。压强-吸氢量-温度(Pressure-Content-Temprature)测试显示在303 K温度下,合金具有良好的吸氢性能,当x=0.4时合金的最大吸氢量为1.29(质量分数,%)。电化学测试表明:随x值变化,合金电极的最大放电容量分别为340.0(x=0.0)、346.6(x=0.1)、370.0(x=0.2)、320.0(x=0.3)和346.6(mA.h)/g(x=0.4);随Co含量增加,合金电极容量保持率不断增加,高倍率放电性能先增加后减小,循环伏安曲线、氢在合金体中的扩散系数D共同反映了合金电极的动力学特性。     

复合添加Lu2O3和Er2O3对镍氢电池Ni(OH)2正极高温性能的影响

通过在镍氢电池NKOH）2正极中复合添加稀土氧化物Lu2O3和Er2O3，研究了稀土氧化物的复合添加对Ni（OH）2正极高温性能的影响。充放电循环实验表明复合添加不同含量的Lu2O3和Er2O3都能够不同程度地提高正极高温充电效率。在55，60，65℃下，添加2．5％Lu2O3＋1．5％Er2O3的正极充电效率最高。循环伏安测试表明，复合添加2．5％Lu2O3＋1．5％Er2O3能够较为明显的提高Ni（OH）2正极在高温环境下的析氧副反应电位，进而提高了电极在高温环境下的充电效率。     

V2Ti0.5Cr0.5Ni1-xMnx(x=0.05～0.2)储氢合金结构和电化学性能研究

为了研究V基储氢材料的结构和电化学性能,采用真空感应电弧炉熔炼了V_2Ti_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)Ni_(1-x)Mn_x(x=0.05～0.2)储氢合金,并分析该储氢合金电极的微观形貌和电化学性能。结果表明,储氢合金主要由体心立方(BCC)结构的钒基固溶体主相和部分TiNi第二相构成。电化学测试表明,当合金电极中Mn替代Ni的量逐渐增加,储氢合金电极的高倍率放电性能、最大放电容量和交换电流密度逐渐增大,当x=0.2时,合金放电容量最大值为429.3 mAh/g,高倍率放电性能为55%,交换电流密度为52 mA/g,而储氢合金电极的循环稳定性能降低。     

High Temperature Performances of Spherical Nickel Hydroxide with Additive Y2O3

The effect of Y2O3 as additive to the positive electrode on the high-temperature performances of the Ni-MH batteries was studied. The specific capacities of the positive electrode in Ni-MH battery at higher temperatures are much lower than usual. In order to improve high-temperature performances, charge/discharge curves of the Ni(OH)2 electrodes with different amounts of Y2O3 at different temperatures were studied. It is found that the specific capacities of the spherical Ni(OH)2 with Y2O3 as additive are much higher than those of the regular at higher temperatures. The specific capacity of Ni(OH)2 containing 1% Y2O3 at 0.2C C/D rate is 35% higher than that of the reguiar. The specific capacity of Ni(OH)2 containing 0.2% Y2O3 at 1C C/D rate is 15% higher than that of the regular. Mechanism of Y2O3 improving high temperature performances of Ni(OH)2 electrode was also discussed in detail.     

发泡镍和隔膜对高倍率电池放电性能的影响

文章研究了发泡镍的面密度和孔数以及不同隔膜对高倍率电池电化学性能的影响.通过SEM和充放电循环测试等手段来研究不同隔膜和发泡镍对电池性能的影响,结果表明,面密度越高越有利于高倍率放电,但孔数不宜过高;孔径分布均匀的、骨架独立的隔膜更有利于电池的充放电性能.     

熔盐法合成LiMn_（1/3）Ni_（1/3）Co_（1/3）O_2及AA电池的电化学性能

以KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示此方法制备产物具有较好的晶形,颗粒较均匀.XRD表征结果显示产物为层状结构,充放电测试结果显示出材料在3.6 V平台附近有较大的可逆容量.在900℃时保温8 h时合成的LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2具有较好的电化学性能,制作成AA电池,在2.75～4.2 V之间进行充放电测试,在1 C倍率下放电,LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2的初始放电容量可达132.9 mAh/g,循环50多次后容量仍为124.6 mAh/g,容量保持率为93.75﹪.     

Effect of Lu2O3 on Charge/discharge Performances of Spherical Nickel Hydroxide at High Temperature

Nickel-metal hydride （Ni/MH） batteries are one of promising batteries for electric vehicle applications, but at high temperature the charge efficiency of nickel electrode is very low. In order to improve the high-temperature-efficiency of nickel electrode, spherical nickel hydroxide mixed with various ratios of Lu2O3 was used as active material of pasted nickel electrodes. The results of charge/discharge experiments, cyclic voltammetric measurements and XRD characterizations have shown that after addition of Lu2O3, the oxygen evolution overpotcntial is elevated much, the charge efficiency of nickel electrode at high temperature is greatly improved and the content of β-NiOOH phase increases in charged electrodes. In addition, the mixed ratio of Lu2O3 has different effects on high temperature performances of nickel electrode at different charge/discharge currents, 3.5 % is the optimum mixed ratio, and the action of Lu2O3 on high temperature electrochemical behaviors is more apparent when nickel electrodes are charged at small current than large current.     

Preparation and Electrorheological Performance of SiO2 Particle Materials Adsorbed with YF3, Y2（CO3）3, Y2（C2O4）3 or YPO4

Ａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｌｕｉｄｉｓａｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｂｌｅｓｏｌｉｄｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄｉｎａｎｏｎ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇｌｉｑｕｉｄ ,ｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｉｎｇｄｒａｓｔｉｃａｎｄｒｅｖｅｒｓｉｂｌｅｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｗｈｅｎａｎｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｆｉｅｌｄｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄ[1] ｖｉａｏｒｄｅｒｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｏｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｃｏｌｕｍｎｓ.Ｔｈｉ…     

Insertion Reactions of PhEtCCO and PhNCO into Ln-S （Ln = Er, Y, Yb） Bond of [Cp2Ln（μ-SEt） ]2

The reactivity of lanthanocene thiolates [Cp2Ln（μ-SEt）]2（Ln = Er, Y, Yb） with PhEtCCO and with PhNCO was examined. Treatment of [ Cp2Ln（μ-SEt）]2 with PhEtCCO gives the α-thiolate-substituted enolate complexes [ Cp2Ln （μ-η^1 ：η^3-OC（SEt）CPhEt）]2（Ln = Yb, Y）, while [Cp2Ln（μ-SEt）]2 react with PhNCO to give the lanthanocene amido derivatives [Cp2Ln（OC（SEt）NPh ）]2（Ln = Er, Yb）. In both cases, the insertion reaction is independent of the stoichiometric ratio and the nature of lanthanides, demonstrating that lanthanocene thiolates are high reactive toward PhEtCCO and PhNCO under the conditions involved. All complexes are characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic properties, of which the structures of ytterbium enolate and erbium amido are also determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, indicating that both of them are centrosymmetric binuclear structures.     

Thermogravimetric Study on Oxygen Adsorption/Desorption Properties of Double Perovskite Structure Oxides REBaCo2O5+δ (RE= Pr, Gd, Y)

The oxygen adsorption/desorption properties of double perovskite structure oxides PrBaCo2O5+δ, GdBaCo2O5+δ, and YBaCo2O5+δ were investigated by the thermogravimetry (TG) method in the temperature range of 400～900 ℃. The calculated oxygen adsorption/desorption surface reaction rate constants ka and kd of these double perovskite structure oxides were larger than the commonly used cubic perovskite oxides, such as Ba0.95Ca0.05Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ, whereas, the oxygen permeation flux was comparable to that of the latter, which was attributed to the smaller difference of oxygen vacancy in oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere (Δδ/Vmol) in these double perovskite structure oxides. The large oxygen adsorption/desorption rate constants of GdBaCo2O5+δ and PrBaCo2O5+δ made them nice catalyst coating materials, on other membrane surfaces, to improve the oxygen permeability.     

Impact of La3+ substitution on electrical,magnetic, dielectric and optical properties of Ni0.7Cu0.1Zn0.2LaxFe2–xO4 (0 < x < 0.035) system

The oxalate co-precipitation method was used to synthesize the La³⁺ substituted Ni–Cu–Zn (La–NCZ) nanoferrites having chemical composition Ni_0.7Cu_0.1Zn_0.2La_xFe_2–xO₄ (x = 0, 0.015, 0.025 and 0.035). DC resistivity study of nanoferrites shows both the conducting and semiconducting behaviour. The room temperature DC electrical resistivity of Ni–Cu–Zn (NCZ) nanoferrites decreases, whereas Curie temperature increases with increasing La³⁺ content. In the temperature range of 30–170 °C nanoferrites show p-type semiconducting behavior except x = 0.015; thereafter, they show n-type behaviour. The frequency dispersive initial permeability (μ_i) associated with its real and imaginary (μ′ and μ") parts are attributed to the domain wall movement and magnetic spin resonant. The μ_i, μ′ and μ" of La–NCZ nanoferrites are higher than those of pure NCZ nanoferrite. Dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and AC resistivity (ρ_AC) of La–NCZ nanoferrites show normal dielectric behaviour. It is found that ε′ of NCZ nanoferrites decreases with the increasing content of La³⁺ ions. The bandgap energy of La–NCZ nanoferrites is achieved in the range 1.36–1.70 eV confirming the semiconducting nature of materials.     

稀土脯氨酸高氯酸盐配合物[RE_2(Pro)_6(H_2O)_4](ClO_4)_6(RE=Pr,Er)的低温热容及热力学性质

合成了两种纯度分别是 99.2 4%和 98.2 0 %的单晶稀土脯氨酸高氯酸盐配合物 [Pr2 (Pro) 6 (H2 O) 4](Cl O4) 6 和 [Er2 (Pro) 6 (H2 O) 4](Cl O4) 6 ,对该配合物进行了热容、热重、差热和标准燃烧热等测定。在 78～ 370 K温度区 ,用高精密全自动绝热量热仪测定了热容值 ,计算机拟合得其热容对温度的多项式方程分别为 :Cp=140 7.0 8 75 1.6 7X 170 .17X2 89.5 9X3- 76 .11X4和 Cp=1317.99 6 33.0 5 X 16 3.82 X2 15 0 .2 3X3- 86 .2 1X4,[Er2(Pro) 6 (H2 O) 4](Cl O4) 6 的 Cp- T曲线有一熔化峰 ,计算熔点为 35 5 .5 5 K,熔化熵为 6 9.5 42 J/(K m ol) ,熔化焓为2 472 5 .81J/m ol。 TG、DTA技术研究了其热分解过程 ,初步分析了配合物的分解机理。燃烧热实验给出了它们的标准燃烧热分别为 1772 0 .41k J/mol和 1810 1.6 5 k J/m ol