低轨卫星移动通信系统接入方案

在低轨卫星移动通信系统中,由于卫星和移动用户间的相对运动使得呼叫切换频繁发生.为了降低星间切换请求到达率,减小系统切换开销,本文在距离优先接入方案基础上进一步提出了两种接入策略:覆盖时间优先方案和仰角加权的覆盖时间优先方案.构造了非均匀分布全球话务密度模型.并参照某实际系统参数,对不同接入方案准则下的全球话务服务进行了系统仿真,得到了相应的系统性能参数.     

Adaptive Compensation Method Using the Prediction Algorithm for the Doppler Frequency Shift in the LEO Mobile Satellite Communication System

In low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, more severe phase distortion due to Doppler shift is frequently detected in the received signal than in cases of geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite systems or terrestrial mobile systems. Therefore, an estimation of Doppler shift would be one of the most important factors to enhance performance of LEO satellite communication system. In this paper, a new adaptive Doppler compensation scheme using location information of a user terminal and satellite, as well as a weighting factor for the reduction of prediction error is proposed. The prediction performance of the proposed scheme is simulated in terms of the prediction accuracy and the cumulative density function of the prediction error, with considering the offset variation range of the initial input parameters in LEO satellite system. The simulation results showed that the proposed adaptive compensation algorithm has the better performance accuracy than Ali's method. From the simulation results, it is concluded the adaptive compensation algorithm is the most applicable method that can be applied to LEO satellite systems of a range of altitude between 1,000 km and 2,000 km for the general error tolerance level, M = 250 Hz.     

An analytical model to predict the probability density function ofelevation angles for LEO satellite systems

Based on Earth-satellite geometry, an analytical model is proposed to predict the probability density function (pdf) of elevation angles from an Earth station to a circular low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellation. Unlike currently available empirical models using a great deal of path data for model-fitting to obtain results applicable only to the specified systems (for example, the Iridium or Globalstar systems), the proposed model is fast, exact and provides greater flexibility for the user-specified satellite systems. The results may help to develop the LEO satellite communication channel models under the propagation environments characterized by various empirical elevation-angle-dependent channel models     

低轨LTE卫星随机接入前导设计及检测算法研究

针对低轨卫星环境中的较广波束覆盖范围和较大多普勒频移的特点,研究了能够应用于低轨LTE（Long Term Evolution）卫星移动通信中的随机接入前导及其检测算法。首先,提出多根长序列（MRLS）,该序列通过级联多个根序列号不同的短ZC（Zadoff-Chu）根序列构建,可以支持一步定时提前估计;其次,提出一种基于MRLS的随机接入前导检测算法,该算法通过相邻短ZC根序列的共轭相乘产生多个检测序列,再与多个待检序列进行联合差分相关检测,克服了整数倍和小数倍子载波间隔的多普勒频移的影响。仿真结果表明,利用MRLS序列,所提算法对载波频率偏移具有很好的鲁棒性,适用于基于LTE的低轨卫星移动通信系统。     

Interference management for spectral coexistence in a heterogeneous satellite network

With the advent of the fifth generation of mobile radio communication by 2020, there will be many challenges such as increasing service demand with low delay in providing billions of end users called the satellite mobile users. It is expected that terrestrial communication systems will be faced with a dense network having many small cells anywhere and anytime. Therefore, there are some remote regions in the world where terrestrial systems cannot provide any services to end users. Furthermore, because of lack of spectral resources, it is very important that the spectrum is shared between satellite systems and terrestrial equipment by a suitable solution to interference management. In this paper, a heterogeneous satellite network that includes low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation and terrestrial equipment is proposed to provide low delay services. In this type of structure, interference management based on transmission power control between LEO satellite systems and mobile users is very important for obtaining high throughput. Moreover, in order to mitigate interference, transmission power control is shown based on noncooperative Stackelberg game under many subgames through pricing‐based algorithm and convex optimization method. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance of this study's system model will be improved through the proposed algorithm.     

多场景卫星通信信道动态建模与仿真实现

面向智慧海洋、智慧农业等垂直行业场景的广覆盖无线接入需求,低轨卫星通信因其可靠的连接性、更宽广的覆盖能力以及超大带宽连接的巨大潜力而成为了下一代移动通信技术的重要组成部分.目前,针对低轨卫星通信的系统性信道建模流程与仿真方法仍相对匮乏,对于低轨卫星信道的高动态特性仍缺乏有效的建模方法,且大多模型仅能支持单场景通信环境.基于此,本文提出了一种模块化、高动态的多场景卫星通信信道建模机制,并据此设计实现了一套动态卫星信道建模仿真系统.该系统实现了流程化的建模思路,并引入了基于卫星信道高动态特性的动态参数更新方法.所设计的卫星通信信道建模与仿真机制能够生成卫星通信的信道大、小尺度参数与信道冲激响应,且对不同场景具有较好的适用性.     

低轨道卫星移动通信系统传播特性的测试与分析

低轨道卫星移动通信是目前新兴的卫星通信系统，国内外对于其电波传播特性的研究目前均处于探索阶段，我们通过在轨运行的低轨道卫星移动通信系统(铱系统)的部分传播特性进行了测试，摸索了对低轨道通信卫星电波特性测试的方法，并对数据进行分析，获得了相关参数，这些参数对了解低轨道通信卫星的电波传播特性并对于我们进行低轨道卫星的设计有参考意义。     

小仰角下移动卫星通信性能的改善及仿真

移动卫星通信系统为功率受限系统,相对地面移动通信而言,其链路余量较小,而且由于多径及遮蔽效应,当系统工作在小仰角时,其信号衰落可达到30dB,这对系统的设计提出了严峻的挑战。本文研究了信道编码和交织技术在移动卫星通信系统中的应用。通过仿真,得到了应用该技术对不同仰角特别是小仰角条件下系统性能的改善程度。同时,在研究信道相关的基础上,给出了交织相关参数的设计准则。     

国外卫星移动通信新进展与发展趋势

在地面移动通信迅猛发展的新形势下,提供相似业务的卫星移动通信的发展动态和趋势值得关注.首先介绍了国外卫星移动通信市场发展动态,然后分别介绍了静止轨道、中轨道和低轨道三类卫星移动通信系统的最新进展,其中静止轨道卫星移动通信发展最好,中低轨道卫星移动通信系统发展相对不景气;最后探讨了卫星移动通信的发展趋势,指出通过星地集成...     

Distributed Deep Learning for Cooperative Computation Offloading in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks

Low earth orbit(LEO)satellite network is an important development trend for future mobile communication systems,which can truly realize the"ubiquitous connectio...     

基于EPFD分析的高低轨卫星角度间隔研究

随着低轨(LEO)通信卫星业务需求的增加，低轨卫星需要使用Ka频段进行通信。本文针对低轨卫星采用Ka频段可能与在轨的高轨卫星发生同频干扰问题，采用基于链路分离角的空域分隔方法进行干扰规避的角度间隔分析。分别从不同干扰场景、地面站分布情况来分析对干扰角度间隔的影响，并在此基础上提出该角度间隔范围内，低轨卫星需采取的干扰规避措施。     

双层卫星星座层间链路几何参数特性研究

LEO/MEO双层卫星星座是现代卫星通信系统星座研究的热点。运用理论分析的方法,对LEO/MEO双层卫星星座层间链路的链路距离、仰角、方位角等几何参数进行了研究,给出了各自的计算公式,并进行仿真分析。通过仿真发现,层间链路几何参数变化的突出特点是变化范围大、变化剧烈且周期性不明显。     

Modified methodology for computing interference in LEO satellite environments

Computing interference is very important in satellite networks design in order to assure the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with other radiocommunication systems. There are different methods to compute interference in geostationary (GEO) satellite systems including conventional methods using link budget equations and alternate methods such as increase in noise temperature. However, computing interference in low earth orbit (LEO) systems represents a different problem. Due to the special characteristics of this kind of orbits, the elevation angle at any site changes continuously over time, meaning a time dependent change of the propagation path length between an interfering transmitter and an interfered‐with receiver, and of the discrimination provided by the transmitting and/or the receiving antenna. Thus, conventional interference prediction methods developed for fixed links must be adapted to the case of LEO systems. To overcome this problem a mathematical model that characterizes the path length variations by an average value obtained from the probability density function of the varying distance between an interfering transmitter and an interfered‐ with receiver is proposed in this paper. This average path length enables the use of conventional link budget methods to reduce the computation time for the evaluation of interference in LEO satellite environments. Two practical examples show the possible applications of the proposed model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on application of CMA to land mobile LEO satellite communication systems based on a deterministic channel model

This paper studies the application of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) in land mobile low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. Two propagation phenomena prevail in narrow band land mobile LEO satellite channel, namely, adjacent channel interference (ACI) and frequency‐non‐selective fading. The performance of CMA for ACI cancellation and the behaviours of CMA in frequency‐non‐selective fading channels are evaluated using a digital beamforming (DBF) array antenna simulation scheme. All these evaluations are based on a simple but efficient channel model which provides a good and fast simulation method for land mobile LEO satellite channels. The restricted Jakes Doppler power spectral density (psd) function is incorporated into the model to ensure that it will be appropriate for the evaluation of a DBF antenna. Our results reveal that CMA can reject ACI and work well in frequency‐non‐selective fading channels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种LEO-S频段星地链路传输体制研究

由于低轨卫星系统(LEO)具有传输时延短、传输损耗低等优点，对于实现宽带业务、终端的小型化非常有利；另外，S 频段抗雨衰能力强，天线尺寸小造价低，使其很适合卫星移动电话、区域内多用户间数据等业务通信场合。本文针对目前低轨卫星通信需求提出了一种 LEO_S 频段星地链路传输体制，结合用户数量及传输速率要求，对上下行链路的传输体制进行了研究，计算了上下行链路的余量，并有针对性地提出了星地链路抗干扰措施。     

LEO/MEO卫星通信系统发展展望

本简述了LEO/MEO卫星通信系统的主要特点，并介绍了几个典型的LEO/MEO卫星通信系统，如Iridium、Globalstar、ICO、Teledesic、Skybridge系统。还从星座、频率、星上处理及星际链路、无线技术、网络技术等方面讨论了LEO/MEO卫星通信系统的发展趋势和研究热点。     

一种低轨卫星通信的定时提前计算方法

低轨(LEO)卫星网络作为地面网络的重要补充,是未来天地一体化网络的重要组成部分。由于LEO卫星的高移动速度以及星地通信的大传播距离造成了高传播时延,因此需要新的针对LEO卫星星地通信背景的上行链路的定时提前量(TA)的计算策略。本文基于LEO卫星的星地通信场景,介绍了TA及其在协议中的规定,并针对LEO卫星的特点,提出一种LEO卫星通信的定时提前计算方法。通过仿真分析验证了所提方案的有效性,为LEO卫星星地通信系统的设计提供了参考。     

卫星移动通信信道模型和误码率特性分析

在对卫星移动信道传输特性统计模型研究分类的基础上，给出了适合卫星移动信道的部分阴影扩展模型。用试验和修正的方法给出了模型参数，得到的模型适用于非静止轨道变仰角信道，分析了非静止轨道卫星通信系统窄带调制和宽带扩频调制的误码率性能，得到了有意义的结论。     

卫星移动通信中的抗多径衰落技术

在移动卫星系统中，多径衰落是影响通信质量的重要因素之一。本文对目前在移动卫星中应用比较广泛的抗多径衰落技术进行了归纳与总结，并分析了四种的典型的抗衰落技术，最后给出了选择抗多径衰落技术方案的一般性原则。     

LEO/MEO systems – Global mobile communication systems

LEO/MEO systems are moving from a dream to a reality, their global reach is becoming apparent with the launch of the first LEO satellites. The global mobility offered by these systems is expected to have a profound effect on the way that organizations and individuals operate. Billions of dollars are invested in the research and development of LEO/MEO based communication systems, and larger amounts will be needed for their ongoing operation and use. Many global satellite based systems have been announced over the last decade, Ellipsat, Globalstar, ICO, Iridium, M‐Star, Odyssey, Orbcomm, and Teledesic, are just a few of the many systems in deployment or under development. Being such a risky venture, limited experience exists in developing and managing large scale civilian satellite based mobile communication systems. Many interesting and challenging research issues are faced by the designers and operators of such systems. This paper presents the different approaches to the configuration of the various LEO and MEO based communication systems. It compares their advantages and disadvantages, and analyzes their economic viability. Based on the analysis, it is possible to identify the specific roles that each type will play in the global communication market. The paper presents and discusses some of the important research areas involved in their development, configuration, maintenance, operation and management. In particular, it introduces the problem of gateway placement in LEO/MEO systems and presents a mathematical formulation of the problem. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.