Outputs of China’s Nonferrous Metals Industry in 2013

正In 2013,the outputs of China's ten nonferrous metals were 40,29 million tons,increasing by 9.9%YOY,among which,the outputs of electrolytic aluminium,     

Uprise of China’s Refractories Industry

The development of refractories industry in China in the past 62 years since 1949 is reviewed.In 1949 - 1979,China’ s refractories industry developed to become a comprehensive industrial sector with sizable production capacity and elevated technical level.In 1979 -2010, refractories production increased at fast tempo partly due to the rapid uprise of private enterprises and partly due to structural reform and improved management of state owned companies.Important progress was made in innovative research and development on high quality synthetic refractory raw materials based on bauxite and magnesite and high performance new products such as oxide—non-oxide composites.The next 30—40 years should be a period of steady development for China’ s refractories industry. More efforts should be given to efficient utilization of natural resources,environmental protection and energy conservation,product quality consistency and reliability and innovative development in science and technology. There should be structural readjustment and technical reconstruction of the hundreds of refractories mining and manufacturing companies.There should be more innovative achievements in developing high quality synthetic raw materials and high performance new products with Chinese characteristics.     

Running State of China’s Building Materials Industry in 2013

正In 2013,China's outputs of cement and flat glass were 2.414 billion tons and 778.98 million weight cases,increasing by 9.6%and 11.2%YOY,respectively.The prices of cement and flat glass rose unsteadily in the whole year.In Dec.,the average ex-factory prices of cement and flat glass in the key building materials     

New Development Trend of China’s Cosmetics

Today,it is time for the sector of cosmetics in the world to have beauty re-imagined again for the third time.Apart from the beauty technology and digital technology,the most powerful force driving this great imagination is the Chinese market and Chinese consumers.     

Running State of China’s I & S Industry in Q1 of 2013

In Q1 of 2013,the outputs of China’s pig iron,crude steel,and steel products were 178.23 million tons, 191.89 million tons,and 245.51 million tons,up 7.6%,9.1%and 12.3%YOY, respectively.In March,China’s crude steel output was 66.30 million tons up 6.6%YOY,and the average daily output was 2.139 million tons.In Ql, China’s daily crude steel output was     

Current Status and Suggestions of China’s Refractories Industry

China's economy has developed rapidly since joined WTO in 2000. Influenced by the rapid development of high temperature industries such as metallurgy, building material, nonferrous metal, etc., China's refractories industry has its production and sales boomed, benefit enhanced and industrial structure adjusted.     

Effect of γ-amino Butyric Acid on Limpet Populations: Towards the Future Management and Conservation of Endangered Patellid Species

Many neurotransmitters, such as γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), can act as chemical cues influencing settlement and metamorphosis in benthic marine invertebrates. This effect has been described especially in mollusks, such as mussels, clams, or haliotids. This study describes the first record of the effect of GABA on patellogastropod populations. Special attention was paid to the effect of the compound on recruitment processes. The experiment was carried out using 10 × 10 cm artificial limestone plates that were drilled into intertidal rocks at different inclinations, and periodically treated with a 1 mM GABA solution. A total of five limpet species was considered (four patellid limpet species and the pulmonate Siphonaria pectinata). Each individual recorded on the plates as well as within a 20 × 20 cm quadrant was measured, identified to species level, and its straight-line distance to the application point was registered. Treated surfaces were the first to possess both adults and recruits. Individuals also were found in a higher number around GABA-treated plates than around controls. The results indicated that the compound may not only enhance recruitment, but also might accelerate it. Recruits were located at higher distances from GABA treated plates than from control surfaces. This supports the hypothesis that this is the life history stage most sensitive to the compound. The behavior shown by the individuals belonging to the two endangered patellid species present in the study area (Patella ferruginea and Cymbula nigra) also were analyzed. For the former, the results indicated that the use of GABA may have similar effects on recruitment similar to the presence of adult conspecifics. This is the first report of the effect of GABA on patellid limpet recruitment and population dynamics. Conservational implications of the results are discussed.     

Five New Standards of China’s Nonferrous Metals Industry Announced

正Recently,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China announced to publish 2 Chinese standards and 3 industry standards of nonferrous metals     

ACE Inhibition with Captopril Retards the Development of Signs of Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a significant pathological feature in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Experimental evidence indicates that inhibition of brain ROS could be beneficial in slowing the neurodegenerative process triggered by amyloid-beta (Abeta) aggregates. The angiotensin II AT1 receptor is a significant source of brain ROS, and AD patients have an increased brain angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level, which could account for an excessive angiotensin-dependent AT1-induced ROS generation. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of ACE inhibition on signs of neurodegeneration of aged Tg2576 mice as a transgenic animal model of AD. Whole genome microarray gene expression profiling and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the centrally active ACE inhibitor captopril normalized the excessive hippocampal ACE activity of AD mice. Concomitantly, the development of signs of neurodegeneration was retarded by six months of captopril treatment. The neuroprotective profile triggered by captopril was accompanied by reduced amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and decreased hippocampal ROS, which is known to enhance Abeta generation by increased activation of beta- and gamma-secretases. Taken together, our data present strong evidence that ACE inhibition with a widely used cardiovascular drug could interfere with Abeta-dependent neurodegeneration.     

Statistics and analysis of China＇s sulphur market in 2011

对2011年我国硫磺进口情况进行统计,并对国内销售情况进行分析。2011年我国硫磺进口量为9523.2 kt,较2010年减少9.21%。上半年市场基本以价格上涨为主,6月初达到最高点,华东市场均价为1800元/t。下半年市场陷入僵持、疲软的行情,年底华东市场均价跌破1700元/t。2011年我国主要硫磺进口国为沙特阿拉伯、哈萨克斯坦和加拿大。硫磺采购主要集中在江苏、云南、贵州、山东、湖北等地。     

Electrical breakdown of an acrylic dielectric elastomer: effects of hemispherical probing electrode’s size and force

Dielectric elastomers are widely investigated as soft electromechanically active polymers (EAPs) for actuators, stretch/force sensors, and mechanical energy harvesters to generate electricity. Although the performance of such devices is limited by the dielectric strength of the constitutive material, the electrical breakdown of soft elastomers for electromechanical transduction is still scarcely studied. Here, we describe a custom-made setup to measure electrical breakdown of soft EAPs, and we present data for a widely studied acrylic elastomer (VHB 4905 from 3M). The elastomer was electrically stimulated via a planar and a hemispherical metal electrode. The breakdown was characterized under different conditions to investigate the effects of the radius of curvature and applied force of the hemispherical electrode. With a given radius of curvature, the breakdown field increased by about 50% for a nearly 10-fold increase of the applied mechanical stress, while with a given mechanical stress the breakdown field increased by about 20% for an approximately twofold increase of the radius of curvature. These results indicate that the breakdown field is highly dependent on the boundary conditions, suggesting the need for reporting breakdown data always in close association with the measurement conditions. These findings might help future investigations in elucidating the ultimate breakdown mechanism/s of soft elastomers.     

Running States of China’s Iron & Steel,Nonferrous,and Building Materials Industries in 2012

Iron & Steel Industry China’s outputs of crude steel, steel products,coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons(up 3.1%YOY),951.86 million tons(up 7.7%YOY),443.23 million tons(up 5.2%YOY) and 31.29 million tons(up 15%YOY),respectively. Statistics from the Customs     

Neuroprotective Effects of Psychotropic Drugs in Huntington’s Disease

Psychotropics (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, anxiolytics, etc.) are commonly prescribed to treat Huntington’s disease (HD). In HD preclinical models, while no psychotropic has convincingly affected huntingtin gene, HD modifying gene, or huntingtin protein expression, psychotropic neuroprotective effects include upregulated huntingtin autophagy (lithium), histone acetylation (lithium, valproate, lamotrigine), miR-222 (lithium-plus-valproate), mitochondrial protection (haloperidol, trifluoperazine, imipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine, melatonin), neurogenesis (lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, sertraline), and BDNF (lithium, valproate, sertraline) and downregulated AP-1 DNA binding (lithium), p53 (lithium), huntingtin aggregation (antipsychotics, lithium), and apoptosis (trifluoperazine, loxapine, lithium, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, cyproheptadine, melatonin). In HD live mouse models, delayed disease onset (nortriptyline, melatonin), striatal preservation (haloperidol, tetrabenazine, lithium, sertraline), memory preservation (imipramine, trazodone, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine), motor improvement (tetrabenazine, lithium, valproate, imipramine, nortriptyline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine), and extended survival (lithium, valproate, sertraline, melatonin) have been documented. Upregulated CREB binding protein (CBP; valproate, dextromethorphan) and downregulated histone deacetylase (HDAC; valproate) await demonstration in HD models. Most preclinical findings await replication and their limitations are reviewed. The most promising findings involve replicated striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification in transgenic mice for tetrabenazine and for sertraline. Clinical data consist of an uncontrolled lithium case series (n = 3) suggesting non-progression and a primarily negative double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of lamotrigine.     

The Role of Catalysis in Determining Men’s Quality of Life

Modern civilization, whose spectacular development took place in the second half of XX century as the result of scientific and information revolution has six characteristic features: (1) it is a mass civilization, (2) it is mobile, (3) it is global, (4) it is free of the spectre of famine, (5) it is built on informatics, (6) human lifespan is steadily prolonged. In order to achieve these goals it was necessary to invent thousands new materials and to find out methods of their fast and cheap production in large quantities. The unique possibility of the fast and selective production of the desired chemical molecules, required to obtain a material with defined properties, is offered by catalysis. Catalysis comprises technological processes of the largest scale, such as catalytic cracking of billions tons of crude oil per year and smallest scale enzymatic reactions with micrograms of product formed with 100% chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. With the rapidly growing earth’s population increasingly important becomes not only the production of materials needed in our modern society, but also the destruction of undesired by-products of its activities, making the application of catalysis to pollution control one of important tasks. The progress of catalysis, both science and technology, was in the last 50 years driven by the development in five fields: (1) new materials, particularly those based on the principle of molecular imprinting (use of templates), (2) application of new surface science techniques to identify active sites and surface reaction intermediates, (3) quantum chemical modeling of elementary steps of catalytic reactions, (4) design of new reactors, (5) development of computational catalysis, (6) development of new ways for carrying catalytic reactions, (7) biocatalysis using enzymes, modified by mutagenesis and recombination techniques to make them selective and active in conditions of the desired technological process. Application of molecular sieves, catalytic antibodies, metallocene catalysts, asymmetric catalysis, fuel cells, control of automotive exhaust are described and pending change of the paradigm of catalysis is discussed.     

Clean Production of Steel and Refractories in China′s Steel Industry

The paper describes the importance of clean production of steel and the relationships amongst sustaining development of steel industry,environment protection and the role of refractories in the clean production of steel. The main achievements and main shortcomings in the clean production of China′s steel industry have been reviewed together with the introduction of the policy supporting system and the future development of clean production in China′s steel industry.