高浓度化工废水治理工程实例

采用Fe -C和催化氧化预处理 +A/O生化处理工艺处理浙江丽水地区某化工厂废水。设计总处理水量 15 0 0m3/d ,其中浓废水 16 0m3/d ;设计进水水质 :高浓度有机废水COD 4 5万mg/L ,BOD 6 6 0mg/L ,pH 1～ 2 ,其他废水COD 36 0mg/L ,BOD 12 0mg/L ,pH 6～ 7;设计出水水质 :COD≤ 10 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,pH 6～ 9,处理后出水可达标排放     

SBR法处理高浓度土霉素废水的试验研究

作者选择常规活性污泥法、间歇曝气活性污泥法和SBR法对高浓度土霉素废水进行了对比处理试验.试验结果,SBR法明显优于其他两种方法,当COD进水浓度为1600～12000mg/L、COD投配负荷为1.6～6.3kg/(m~3·d)时,去除率可达78.7～88.4%,污泥指数稳定在43～91.6之间.     

苎麻脱胶废水治理工程设计

洞庭苎麻纺织印染厂年产精干麻 5 0 0 0多t,日排放废水约 110 0m3 ,其中高浓度废水约为 5 5 0m3 ,低浓度废水约为 5 2 0m3 ,COD分别为 10 0 0 0mg/L和 35 0 0mg/L ,分别采用酸化 /消化 接触氧化和悬浮附着水解酸化 好氧工艺处理。最后同拷麻水混合通过氧化塘 ,出水COD≤ 2 5 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 6 0mg/L ,硫化物≤ 1mg/L ,pH =6～ 9,色度明显由深变浅 ,达到了行业排放标准。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器高效处理链霉素有机废水试验研究

介绍了厌氧中温发酵 (35± 1℃ )条件下 ,采用膨胀颗粒污泥床 (EGSB)反应器日处理 2 16m3链霉素有机废水的生产性试验研究。试验结果表明 :在控制低浓度进料 ,COD在 2 0 0 0～ 70 0 0mg/L、COD/SO4 2 - =7～ 10的条件下 ,有效地降低了毒性物质的抑制作用 ,使反应器成功启动并培养出颗粒污泥 ;当进料COD在 70 0 0～ 130 0mg/L ,HRT为 3～ 5h ,pH为 6 8～ 7 2时 ,COD去除率可达 75 % ,反应器容积负荷最高可达 15 8kgCOD/ (m3·d) ,而SO4 2 - 去除率可有效地控制在 6 0 %～70 % ;实现了EGSB反应器对链霉素废水中有机物和硫酸盐的有效去除。     

脱氨-催化氧化-吸附联合工艺处理苯胺类染化废水的研究

采用脱氨 催化氧化 吸附法对含苯胺类化合物染化废水的处理进行了研究 ,对影响废水处理效果的各种因素进行了考察。试验结果表明 :在适宜的操作条件下 ,该法可使原废水的COD从3114mg/L降到 70mg/L ,苯胺类物质的含量从 6 0 0mg/L降到 3mg/L以下 ,达到国家排放标准。该法具有工艺简单 ,操作方便 ,处理效果好的特点     

酸化-序列活性污泥法处理TMP生产废水

磺胺增效剂车间废水与其他药品生产废水混合,采用“混合废水脱氰-生物酸化-序列式间隙活性污泥生化系统”处理,原废水COD1800～2200mg/L,CN~-5～10mg/L,肼5～15mg/L;处理水COD129mg/L,CN~-0.01mg/L,肼0.02mg/L.全系统HPT和生化曝气时间分别比传统生化系统减少10h和8h.系统处理出水无需化学混凝即可达到排放标准.     

物化-生化法处理汽车生产废水

针对汽车生产废水的特点,对含磷废水和高浓度有机废水分别采用石灰法和混凝沉淀-气浮法进行分质预处理.预处理出水与其它废水混合后形成的综合废水的设计处理能力为50 m3/h,COD 300～600 mg/L,PO3-(以P计)3～5 mg/L,经混凝沉淀-生化-过滤工艺处理后,COD≤100mg/L,PO43-(以P计)≤0.5 mg/L,可达标排放.     

水解酸化-气浮-SBR工艺处理亚麻废水

亚麻废水是一种较难降解的有机废水 ,用单一的好氧生物法处理效果不好。采用水解酸化 气浮 SBR工艺处理亚麻废水 ,设计处理能力 10 0 0m3/d ,设计废水水质为 :COD 80 0～ 10 0 0mg/L ,BOD 4 0 0～ 5 0 0mg/L ,SS 2 0 0～ 30 0mg/L ,pH 7。在保证酸化水解调节池正常运行的条件下 ,COD去除率可达 2 5 %以上 ,再经气浮及SBR处理 ,COD去除率可达 85 % ,出水水质达标     

高氨氮、高含硫废水处理新工艺的研究

介绍了一种采用固定化高效微生物与JADS曝气系统构成的处理高氨氮、高含硫废水的曝气生物流化床 (ABFT)工艺。炼油厂综合废水进水水质为 :COD 980mg/L ,氨氮 6 82mg/L ,硫化物 16 2mg/L ,挥发酚 18mg/L ,悬浮物 399mg/L ,石油类 4 1mg/L ;经ABFT工艺处理后出水水质分别为 :137mg/L ,0 2 2 7mg/L ,0 0 18mg/L ,0 0 34mg/L ,6 4 8mg/L ,8 6mg/L。     

MBR处理聚乙烯醇废水的试验研究

理论分析和试验结果表明 :采用一体式好氧膜生物反应器 (MBR)处理难降解聚乙烯醇有机废水 ,在 pH为 7～ 8,温度为 15～ 2 9℃ ,HRT为 10～ 2 0h ,SRT为 10 0d ,进水COD为 10 0～ 6 0 0mg/L的条件下 ,系统出水COD在 4 0mg/L以下 ,平均为 15 5mg/L ,COD的平均去除率为 90 7%。采用好氧MBR能有效地处理难降解聚乙烯醇有机废水     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…